Ngaba nawe uphelelwa ngumphefumlo? Ngaba isifuba sakho sivakala siqinile? Makhe sithethe ngale nto (iBronchoconstriction)!

Ngaba ngamanye amaxesha ukhe ufumane kunzima ukuphefumla ngequbuliso? Kuvakala ngathi kukho umntu ocinezela isifuba sakho, ngokungathi uza kufuthaniseka? Usenokuva nesandi sokuphefumla okanye sokugquma esiphuma esifubeni sakho. Ngamaxesha anje, usenokuziva ngathi kukho into ebambeke emqaleni wakho kunye nokukhwehlela okuncinci. Le meko yile siza kuthetha ngayo namhlanje, ebizwa ngokuba yi -bronchoconstriction . Nangona igama lisenokuvakala lingaqhelekanga, le yinto enokwenzeka kwabanye abantu, ngakumbi abo baneengxaki ezifana ne-asthma. Ungakhathazeki, masithethe ngale nto ngokweenkcukacha, ngokulula, kulungile?

Yintoni i-bronchoconstriction? Ngamafutshane...

Ngamafutshane, i-bronchoconstriction kukuncitshiswa ngequbuliso kwendlela ephambili yomoya (esiyibiza ngokuba yi-bronchi ngokwezonyango) okukhokelela emiphungeni yethu. Khawuthelekelele oku ngokungathi umbhobho wamanzi uvalekile ngequbuliso, okwenza kube nzima ukuba amanzi adlule. Kukho umaleko omncinci kakhulu wemisipha ejikeleze indlela yethu yomoya. Xa ezi zihlunu ziqina ngequbuliso, indlela yomoya iyancitshiswa. Kulapho siba nobunzima bokuphefumla, kwaye kuvakala ngathi isifuba sethu siyacinezelwa.

Oku kunokubangelwa zizinto ezininzi. Umzekelo, xa une-allergy kwinto ethile, oko kukuthi, xa uphefumla i- allergen , umzekelo, xa ujongene nothuli oluninzi, okanye xa uziva ubanda ngequbuliso, ngamanye amaxesha nokuba uzilolonga nzima. Oku kunokwenzeka ngakumbi kubantu abane -asthma okanye izifo zokuphefumla ezihlala ixesha elide ezifana ne -COPD (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease), abanokuthi babe ne-bronchoconstriction.

Kutheni oku kusenzeka kuthi? Zithini izizathu zoku?

Njengoko besikhe sathetha ngako ngaphambili, esona sizathu soku kukuqina kwezihlunu ezithambileyo kwindlela yethu yomoya (esiyibiza ngokuba zizihlunu ezithambileyo , esingenakuzilawula ngendlela esifuna ngayo, oko kuthetha ukuba asinakuzenza zisebenze ngokuthanda kwethu). Oku kwenzeka ngequbuliso.

Ngamanye amaxesha, xa kukho i-allergy enzima efana ne -anaphylaxis, imigudu yomoya ingavaleki ngequbuliso ngale ndlela. Leyo yimeko eyingozi kakhulu. Ngaphandle koko, izihlunu ezikule migudu yomoya zihlala zisabela kwizinto ezithile. Makhe sibone ukuba zeziphi ezo zinto.

Ziziphi izinto eziphambili ezibangela oku?

Nazi ezinye zezinto ezinokubangela ukuba indlela yakho yomoya ivaleke:

• Ii-Allergens: Abanye abantu banokuba ne-allergy kwi-pollen , i-dander yezilwanyana zasekhaya , uthuli, kwanokutya okuthile. Khawucinge nje, kwabanye abantu, xa becoca iincwadi ezindala, uthuli luqala ukuhla ngequbuliso, akunjalo? Kunjalo.
• Ukuzilolonga okanye ukuzilolonga: Abanye abantu banokuphelelwa ngumphefumlo ngequbuliso xa bebaleka, benyuka izinyuko, okanye bephakamisa iintsimbi. Oku sikubiza ngokubaIbizwa ngokuba yi-bronchoconstriction ebangelwa kukuzilolonga.
• Iikhemikhali: Umzekelo, umphunga we-chlorine kumachibi okudada, iziqholo ezinamandla, kunye nezinye iikhemikhali zokucoca indlu nazo zinokuchaphazeleka.
• Utshintsho lobushushu: Njengaxa usuka kwindawo eshushu kakhulu uye kwigumbi elibandayo eline-AC, okanye xa uphuma ngaphandle ngemini ebandayo.
• Umoya obandayo nowomileyo: Oku kukwabangela ukuxinana kweendlela zomoya.
• Ukutshaya kunye nomsi ophuma kwabanye abantu: Oku akumangalisi. Ukutshaya kuyingozi kakhulu kwinkqubo yokuphefumla.
• Izifo zokuphefumla eziphezulu: Le meko inokwenzeka xa indlela yokuphefumla yosulelwa zizinto ezifana nomkhuhlane, umkhuhlane, okanye umkhuhlane.
• Amayeza athile: Umzekelo, ezinye ii-beta-blockers zoxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu, kunye neepilisi zokudambisa iintlungu ezifana ne-aspirin, zinokuchaphazela abanye abantu ngale ndlela.

Ukongeza, izifo zokuphefumla ezihlala ixesha elide zinokubangela ukudumba kwimibhobho yomoya okanye utshintsho oluhlala luhleli kwiindonga zemibhobho yomoya (ukulungiswa komoya), nto leyo enokubangela ukuba imibhobho yomoya ibe mncinci ngokuhamba kwexesha. Oku kunokukhokelela ekumitheni ngokukhawuleza ngenxa yezinto ezincinci.

Zithini iimpawu zoku? Wazi njani ngokuqinisekileyo?

Ukuba une-bronchoconstriction, unokufumana enye okanye ngaphezulu kwezi mpawu ngaxeshanye. Ngamanye amaxesha ezi mpawu zinokunyuka kancinci kancinci.

• Ukuphefumla: Isandi sokukhala okanye sokubhonga xa uphefumla . Kuvakala ngathi umoya uvuthuzwa ngetyhubhu encinci. Usenokuziva oku ngokwakho, okanye ugqirha unokukuva nge-stethoscope.
• Ukuphefumla kancinci: Kunzima ukuphefumla, kuvakala ngathi uyafuthanisela. Kuvakala ngathi nokuba uphefumla kangakanani, akwanelanga. Ungaziva ngathi uwe kakhulu xa unyuka izitebhisi ezimbalwa okanye ubaleka kancinci.
• Ukukhohlela: Usenokuba nokukhohlela okomileyo. Usenokukhohlela ngokungathi kukho into ebambeke emqaleni wakho, okanye ngokungathi uyaphefumla. Ngamanye amaxesha ukukhohlela kunokuba kubi ngakumbi ebusuku.
• Ukuqina kwesifuba: Isifuba sinokuvakala sinzima, ngokungathi kukho umntu osicinezela ngebhanti, okanye osicinezela ngaphakathi.

Olunye okanye ngaphezulu kwezi mpawu lunokubonakala ngequbuliso. Kwabanye abantu, luphela ngemizuzu embalwa, ngelixa kwabanye, lunokuthatha iiyure ezininzi.

Ngubani osengozini enkulu yoku?

Abantu abaneengxaki ezithile zempilo banokufumana i-bronchoconstriction rhoqo. Oku kuthetha ukuba basengozini enkulu yokuba nayo.

• Isifuba:Izigulane ezine-asthma zezona zixhoba ziphambili zale nto. I-asthma ngokwenene kukudumba okungapheliyo kunye nokuphazamiseka kweendlela zomoya.
• I-COPD (Isifo Esingapheliyo Sokuqanda Amaphaphu): Oku kuquka iimeko ezifana ne -emphysema kunye ne-bronchitis engapheliyo. Ezi zizifo ezihlala ixesha elide ezichaphazela imiphunga.
• Ii-aleji eziqatha: Umzekelo, le meko inokukhula ngokukhawuleza kubantu abane-aleji eziqatha kwizinto ezifana nokutya okanye ukutyiwa zizinambuzane.

Ngaba oku kungaba yingozi? Ngaba simele soyike?

Ewe, oku kunokuba yingozi kakhulu ngamanye amaxesha. Yiyo loo nto kungeyonto yokuyithatha lula. Ukuba iindlela zomoya ziba ncinci kakhulu, umzimba awufumani ioksijini oyifunayo. Oku kunokukhokelela kwiimeko ezinzulu ezifana ne -hypoxia (inqanaba eliphantsi kakhulu leoksijini egazini) kunye nokungaphumeleli kokuphefumla . Oku kunokuba yingozi ebomini.

Ngoko ke, ukuba unengxaki yokuphefumla, isifuba sakho siqinile kakhulu, uxinezelekile kangangokuba awukwazi nokuthetha, imilebe yakho ijika ibe luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, okanye isifo sakho sesifuba sibi kakhulu, yiya esibhedlele esikufutshane ngoko nangoko okanye utsalele umnxeba inkonzo ye-ambulensi yongxamiseko ka-1990. Ukuba ufumana unyango ngexesha, ungayiphepha le meko iyingozi.

Ugqirha uyixilonga njani le nto? Zeziphi iimvavanyo abazenzayo?

Kwimeko engxamisekileyo, oogqirha baya kuxilonga i-bronchoconstriction ngokusekelwe kwiimpawu zakho (ezifana nobunzima bokuphefumla, ukuphefumla kancinci). Nangona kunjalo, banokwenza olunye uvavanyo ukuze bafumane ukuba yintoni kanye kanye imbangela eyintloko kunye nokuba inzima kangakanani.

• Uvavanyo lomsebenzi wemiphunga (ii-PFT): Olu vavanyo lujonga ukuba imiphunga yakho isebenza kakuhle kangakanani, ukuba ungakanani umoya onokuwuphefumla nowukhuphayo ngokuphefumla kube kanye, kunye nokuba kukho na ukuphazamiseka kwindlela yakho yomoya. Uvavanyo oluqhelekileyo loku lubizwa ngokuba yi-spirometry.
• Uvavanyo lwemifanekiso: Ii-X- ray zesifuba okanye ii-CT scans zingenziwa. Ezi zinokujonga ezinye izifo okanye iingxaki zemiphunga.

Zithini iindlela zokunyanga oku? Ayinakuphiliswa?

Ungakhathazeki, kukho unyango olufanelekileyo loku. Unyango olufumanayo luya kuxhomekeka kwinto ebangela imeko yakho kunye nokuba imbi kangakanani. Ugqirha wakho unokukunika amayeza anjengala:

• Amayeza anciphisa ukudumba nokuvula iindlela zomoya:
• Ii-Bronchodilators: La mayeza asebenza ngokukhulula izihlunu kwindlela yakho yomoya, azenze zibe banzi. Oku kwenza kube lula ukuphefumla. La mayeza anikwa nge -inhaler (ekwaziwa ngokuba yi-puffer).Ungayifumana kwi -nebulizer ( umatshini odala inkungu). Ezi ziza ngeentlobo ezimbini: ezisebenza ixesha elifutshane nezisebenza ixesha elide.
• IiCorticosteroids: Ezi zisebenza ngokunciphisa ukudumba kwimibhobho yomoya. Ezi zinokunikwa njenge-inhaler, okanye ngamanye amaxesha njengepilisi. Ezi zihlala zisetyenziswa ixesha elide ngabantu abane-asthma.
• Amayeza athintela iikhemikhali emzimbeni ezibangela ukudumba: Amayeza anjenge -antihistamines (amayeza anikwa abantu abane-allergies) kunye ne -leukotriene modifiers (kwakhona uhlobo lwepilisi olunciphisa ukudumba kwindlela yomoya).
• Amayeza okuphendula kuhlaselo lwe-asthma: Ugqirha wakho angakuxelela ukuba ugcine i-inhaler yokuhlangula (i-bronchodilator esebenza ixesha elifutshane) ukuze uyisebenzise ngokukhawuleza ukuba ngequbuliso uhlaselwa yi-asthma, nto leyo ethetha ukuba kunzima ukuphefumla. Oku kufana "nesicima-mlilo."
• Unyango olungxamisekileyo: Ukuba usemngciphekweni wokuba ne-allergy enkulu (i-anaphylaxis) , gcina i -epinephrine auto-injector , efana ne -EpiPen® okanye i-Auvi-Q® , kufutshane uze ugqirha wakho akufundise indlela yokuyisebenzisa.

Wenzani esibhedlele xa kukho imeko engxamisekileyo?

Ukuba indlela yakho yomoya ivalekile ngokupheleleyo kwaye awukwazi ukuphefumla wedwa, oogqirha esibhedlele banokufuna ukuvula indlela yakho yomoya ngale ndlela:

• Ukufakwa kwetyhubhu: Oku kuquka ukufaka ityhubhu kwi-windpipe yakho (i-trachea) kunye nokukuvumela ukuba uphefumle ngendlela yokwenziwa, ngesiqhelo nge- ventilator (ekwabizwa ngokuba yi -mechanical ventilation ).
• I-Tracheostomy: Oku kuquka ukwenza umngxuma omncinci ngaphambili entanyeni ungene kwi-windpipe ukuvumela ukuphefumla ngokuthe ngqo. Oku kungenziwa okwethutyana okanye, kwiimeko ezingaqhelekanga, ngokusisigxina.

Yintoni omele uyilindele xa uphila nale meko?

Ukuba unesifo sokuphefumla esingapheliyo njenge-asthma esibangela ukuxinana kwe-broncho, kubalulekile ukuyilawula ngokufanelekileyo. Kubalulekile ukuthatha amayeza akho njengoko ugqirha wakho ekuyalele kwaye uhlale kude nezinto ezibangela oko. Ngaphandle koko, imeko yakho inokuvela rhoqo.

Amava abantu bonke awafani. Kwabanye, isenokuba yinto engaqhelekanga okanye elawulekayo lula. Kwabanye, isenokuba yinto eqhelekileyo, ngamanye amaxesha ibe nzima. Ngoko ke, thetha nogqirha wakho malunga nemeko yakho nendlela ofuna ukuyilawula ngayo, uze nesicwangciso sonyango esikusebenzelayo.

Ndifanele ndimbone nini ugqirha?

Ngokuqinisekileyo kufuneka ubone ugqirha kwezi meko zilandelayo:

• Ukuba uhlala unengxaki yokuxinana kwe-broncho, oko kukuthi, ukuphefumla okufutshane kunye nokuxinana kwesifuba.
• Ukuba amayeza akho angoku abonakali elawula kakuhle. Umzekelo, ukuba kufuneka usebenzise i-rescue inhaler yakho rhoqo.
• Ukuba iimpawu zibonakala zimbi kakhulu kunangaphambili.
• Ukuba le meko ikwenza kube nzima ukwenza imisebenzi yakho yemihla ngemihla.

Ugqirha angaphinda ayihlole imeko yakho, alungise isicwangciso sakho sonyango njengoko kufuneka, aze ancede ekuthinteleni ukuba imeko ingabi mbi.

Kunini apho kufuneka soyike size siye esibhedlele ngoko nangoko (ETU) ?

Ukuba wena okanye umntu omaziyo unale mpawu, fowunela u-911 ngoko nangoko, okanye uye kwigumbi likaxakeka lesibhedlele esikufutshane ngaphandle kokulibazisa. Oku kungaba yimeko yobomi okanye ukufa!

• Ukuba unengxaki enkulu yokuphefumla (kangangokuba awukwazi ukuthetha okanye ukuhamba).
• Ukuba isifo sakho sesifuba sibi kakhulu kwaye usasebenzisa i-rescue inhaler yakho,
• Ukuba umqala wakho, ubuso, umlomo, imilebe, okanye ulwimi lwakho luvuvukala ngequbuliso (oku kungaba luphawu lokuba une-allergy enkulu).
• Ukuba ngequbuliso uziva uxinzelelo lwegazi luphantsi, unesizungu, okanye ubanda.
• Ukuba ulusu, imilebe, okanye iinzipho zijika zibe luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka (sibiza oku ngokuba yi-cyanosis , oko kuthetha ukuba akukho oxygen yaneleyo egazini).
• Ukuba ulahlekelwa zingqondo, okanye ukuba ingqondo yakho iyaphazamiseka.

Yeyiphi imibuzo ebalulekileyo ekufuneka uyibuze ugqirha?

Kunganceda kakhulu ukubuza imibuzo efana nale xa usiya kugqirha wakho, kuba kubalulekile ukuba nolwazi olupheleleyo ngemeko yakho.

• Ucinga ukuba zeziphi izinto eziphambili ezibangela le bronchoconstriction?
• Ndingaziphepha njani ezo zizathu kangangoko ndinako?
• Yintoni ekufuneka ndiyenze kuqala ekhaya ukuba ndinesicaphucaphu okanye ndihlaselwa sisifo sesifuba? Ndiyisebenzisa njani i-inhaler yam yokuhlangula ngokuchanekileyo?
• Ngawaphi amayeza ekufuneka ndiwathathe yonke imihla? Ndiwathatha njani kanye kanye?
• Yintoni enye endinokuyenza ukuthintela le meko ukuba ingabi mandundu okanye ukuba nohlaselo lwe-asthma? (umz., ukutya okunesondlo, ukuzilolonga, njl.njl.)
• Zeziphi iimpawu ekufuneka ndizixhalabele ngakumbi? Ndingaphinda ndimbone nini ugqirha kwakhona?

Ngaba ikho into esinokuyenza ukuthintela oku?

Nangona ingenakuthintelwa ngokupheleleyo, zininzi izinto esinokuzenza ukunciphisa umngcipheko wokufumana le meko ye-bronchoconstriction kunye nokuxhaphaka kwayo rhoqo.

• Ukunyanga unobangela: Ukuba unesifo esifana ne-asthma okanye i-COPD, kubalulekile ukuthatha amayeza njengoko ugqirha wakho ekuyalele.
• Ukuphepha izinto ezibangela iingxaki: Zinike ixesha lokufumanisa ukuba zeziphi izinto ezibangela iingxaki onazo. Kusenokufuneka ugcine incwadi yakho yeziganeko, into oyityayo, kunye nendawo oya kuyo. Oku kuya kukunceda uqonde ukuba zeziphi izinto ezibangela iingxaki onazo. Emva koko, ziphephe ezo zinto kangangoko unako. Umzekelo, ziphephe uthuli, ziphephe iindawo apho abantu batshaya khona, kwaye uphephe ukusebenzisa iziqholo ezingalunganga kuwe.
• Landela iingcebiso zonyango njengoko kuyalelwe: Qiniseka ukuba uya kugqirha ngeentsuku ezimiselweyo kwaye usele amayeza akho njengoko kuyalelwe.

Ezinye izinto endicinga ukuba zibalulekile kuwe (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Ukuxinana kwesifuba. Kuvakala ngathi awukwazi ukuphefumla. Kukho isandi sokuphefumla. Ukuba unengxaki yokuphefumla efana ne-asthma okanye i-COPD, uyazi ukuba oku kuxinana kwe-broncho kunokuba yinto eyoyikisayo nengathandekiyo.

Kodwa, ungoyiki. Le yimeko elawulekayo. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuqonda kakuhle imeko yakho kwaye usebenzisane nogqirha wakho ukuze uphuhlise isicwangciso sonyango esifanelekileyo. Emva koko, uya kwazi kwangaphambili ukuba wenze ntoni ukuba le meko iba mandundu. Ungalibali ukuhlala uphethe i-inhaler yakho yokuhlangula.

Kubalulekile ukuxelela usapho lwakho, abahlobo abasondeleyo, kunye nabantu osebenza nabo ngeempawu ze-bronchoconstriction kunye nendlela yokukunceda ukuba oko kwenzeka (umz., ukunika i-inhaler yakho, ukubiza i-ambulensi ngexesha likaxakeka). Oku kuya kubanceda bafumane uncedo abaludingayo ngokukhawuleza ngexesha likaxakeka.

Khumbula, ngonyango olukhawulezileyo nolufanelekileyo, ulwazi, kunye nempilo entle, ungayilawula le meko kwaye uphile ubomi obuqhelekileyo!

Ukuxinana kwe - bronchodism, ukuphefumla kancinci, i-asthma, i-COPD, ukuqina kwesifuba, ukukhohlela, isifo sokuphefumla