Ngaba ngamanye amaxesha ukhe ufumane kunzima ukuphefumla ngequbuliso? Ngaba isifuba sakho sivakala siqinile kwaye siyafuthanisela? Le yinto eqhelekileyo kwaye ayikhululeki, ingakumbi kumntu onesifo sokuphefumla esihlala ixesha elide njenge-asthma okanye i-COPD (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease). Ke, kweli nqaku, siza kuthetha ngokulula nge-inhaler esisincedayo ngamaxesha anje kwaye senza ukuphefumla kube lula. Igama lezonyango lala mayeza yi-'Bronchodilators'.
Kalula nje, yintoni le Bronchodilator?
Eli gama lisenokuvakala liyinkimbinkimbi kancinci, kodwa ukusebenza kwalo kulula kakhulu. Masiliqonde ngolu hlobo.
Khawuthelekelele ukuba unenethiwekhi yeetyhubhu ezincinci ezithwala umoya ukuya emiphungeni yakho. Ezi zibizwa ngokuba yi-bronchi. Ngokwesiqhelo, umoya uhamba lula kwezi tyhubhu. Kodwa kwiimeko ezifana ne-asthma, izihlunu ezithambileyo ezijikeleze ezi tyhubhu ziyaqina, zinciphise imingxuma kwiityhubhu. Kufana nomntu ocinezela umbhobho wamanzi. Kwenzeka ntoni ke ngoko? Akukho ndawo yaneleyo yokuba umoya udlule. Isiphumo kukuba kunzima ukuphefumla, ukuphefumla, kunye nokuqina kwesifuba.
Iibronchodilators ziphumza izihlunu eziqinileyo kwaye zandise iindlela zomoya ezixineneyo. Oku kuvumela umoya ukuba udlule ngcono kwaye kwenza ukuphefumla kube lula. Yiloo nto kanye ethethwa leli gama. Igama elithi 'Broncho' lithetha indlela yomoya, kwaye elithi 'dilator' lithetha into ebanzi.
Kukho enye inzuzo kula mayeza. Xa iindlela zomoya zikhula, kuba lula ukuba izinto ezifana ne-mucus ebambeke kuzo ziphume. Emva koko kuba lula ukukhohlela i-mucus.
La mayeza afumaneka kakhulu kuthi njengezisombululo ze-inhaler kunye ne-nebulizer. I-nebulizer ngumatshini oguqula amayeza abe yinkungu encinci, okwenza kube lula ukuphefumla.
Kukho iintlobo ezimbini eziphambili ze-bronchodilators:
La mayeza anokwahlulwa abe ngamacandelo amabini aphambili ngokusekwe kwisantya sawo kunye nobude bendlela asebenza ngayo. Ukuqonda umahluko phakathi kwala mayeza mabini kubaluleke kakhulu kunyango lwakho.
| Ifomu yamayeza | Kalula nje... |
|---|---|
| Iibronchodilators ezisebenza ngokufutshane | Ezi zifana "nabacimi-mlilo." Xa kuvela imeko engxamisekileyo efana nohlaselo lwe-asthma ngequbuliso,Olu hlobo lusetyenziselwa ukunika uncedo olukhawulezileyo . Ziqala ukusebenza ngokukhawuleza. Kodwa isiphumo sazo sihlala ixesha elifutshane, malunga neeyure ezi-3-6. Oku kukwabizwa ngokuba yi-"Rescue Inhaler". |
| Ii-bronchodilators ezisebenza ixesha elide | Ezi zifana "nabalindi bokhuseleko." Ezi azisetyenziswa xa kukho imeko engxamisekileyo. Ziluhlobo lwamayeza athathwa yonke imihla ukuthintela iimpawu nokugcina iindlela zomoya zivulekile imini yonke . Zihlala malunga neeyure ezili-12. Ezi kufuneka zithathwe rhoqo, njengoko ugqirha wakho ekuyalele, ngexesha elifanelekileyo. |
Kubalulekile ukuba uhlale une-inhaler yakho yokusindisa (esebenza kancinci). Kodwa ukuba kufuneka uyisebenzise kabini ngeveki, luphawu lokuba imeko yakho ayilawuleki kakuhle. Qiniseka ukuba uthetha nogqirha wakho ngayo.
Ziziphi iintlobo eziphambili ze-bronchodilators?
La mayeza ahlulwe ngakumbi abe ziintlobo ezintathu eziphambili ngokusekwe kwindlela asebenza ngayo.
1. I-Beta 2-agonists
Ezi zezona ntlobo zisetyenziswa kakhulu. Zifumaneka ngeendlela ezisebenza ixesha elifutshane kunye nezo zisebenza ixesha elide.
- I-beta 2-agonists esebenza ngokukhawuleza (ii-SABA): Ezi "zii-Rescue Inhalers" esizikhankanyileyo ngaphambili. Ezi zinceda ekunikeni isiqabu ngokukhawuleza xa kuvela iimpawu ze-asthma. Zisebenza kwimizuzu eli-15-20 kwaye zibonelela ngesiqabu malunga neeyure ezi-4-6. Ukuba zisetyenziswa ngaphambi kokuzilolonga, zinokuthintela ne-asthma ebangelwa kukuzilolonga.
- Imizekelo: I-Albuterol (Ventolin®), iLevalbuterol (Xopenex®)
- Ii-agonists ze-beta-2 ezisebenza ixesha elide (ii-LABA): Ezi zisetyenziselwa ukulawula esi sifo ixesha elide, ngesiqhelo kabini ngemini. Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba ii-LABA azisetyenziswa zodwa xa kunyangwa isifo sesifuba. Zihlala zinikwa kunye ne-corticosteroid inhaler. Ii-steroids zisebenza ngokunciphisa ukudumba kwindlela yomoya.
- Imizekelo: ISalmeterol (iSerevent®), iFormoterol (iForadil®)
- Amayeza adibeneyo anee-steroids: i-Fluticasone kunye ne-Salmeterol (Advair®), i-Budesonide kunye ne-Formoterol (Symbicort®)
2. I-Anticholinergics
La mayeza asebenza ngokuthintela imiqondiso ethile kwinkqubo yethu yemithambo-luvo ebangela ukuba iindlela zomoya zinciphe. Akwanceda ekwandiseni iindlela zomoya. La mayeza angengomayeza akhawulezileyo. Kodwa anokunceda ekulawuleni i-asthma, ingakumbi kubantu abaneempawu ezinzima.
- Imizekelo: I-Ipratropium bromide (Atrovent®), iTiotropium bromide (Spiriva Respimat®)
3. I-Theophylline
Eli liyeza eliza ngohlobo lwepilisi. Lalisetyenziswa kakhulu ngaphambili ukulawula isifo sesifuba esibi. Kodwa alisetyenziswa rhoqo ngoku. Oku kungenxa yokuba xa usebenzisa eli yeza, kufuneka uhlolwe igazi rhoqo ukuze ujonge ukuba inqanaba leyeza emzimbeni wakho lichanekile na. Likwanazo nezinye iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga.
Ngaba kukho naziphi na iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga kweli yeza?
Njengalo naliphi na iyeza, ezi bronchodilators zinokubangela ezinye iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga. Kodwa uninzi lwexesha, ezi azibi kakhulu. Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ziyahluka ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo lweyeza.
| Uhlobo lweyeza | Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezinokubakho |
|---|---|
| I-Beta 2-agonists |
|
| I-Anticholinergics | |
| I-Theophylline |
Ukuba unengxaki yesinyi, efana ne-benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPE), kubalulekile ukwazisa ugqirha wakho xa usebenzisa amayeza e-anticholinergic.
Ingaba i-bronchodilator luhlobo lwe-steroid?
Hayi. Le yindawo apho abantu abaninzi badideka khona.I-bronchodilator ayisiyo steroid. Ezi zimbini zinemisebenzi eyahlukileyo ngokupheleleyo.
- I-Bronchodilator: Yandisa iindlela zomoya ezixineneyo, nto leyo eyenza ukuphefumla kube lula ngoko nangoko.
- I-Steroid efunxwayo (i-Steroid Inhaler): Inciphisa ukudumba kunye nokudumba kwimibhobho yomoya. Oku kunceda ukulawula isifo kwixesha elide .
Oogqirha badla ngokucebisa ukuba kusetyenziswe zombini ezi ntlobo kunye ukulawula izifo ezifana ne-asthma.
Uyisebenzisa njani i-inhaler ngokuchanekileyo?
Ukuze ufumane okuninzi kumayeza akho, kubalulekile ukwazi indlela yokusebenzisa i-inhaler yakho ngokuchanekileyo. Abantu abaninzi benza oku ngendlela engafanelekanga, nto leyo ethetha ukuba iyeza alingeni kakuhle emiphungeni yabo. Nantsi indlela echanekileyo yokwenza oku:
1. Shukumisa kakuhle: Vala isigqubuthelo se-inhaler kakuhle uze usishukumise kakuhle malunga nezihlandlo ezili-10-15.
2. Susa isiciko: Susa isiciko uze usibeke ecaleni.
3. Ukukhupha umoya: Tsala umoya onzulu ngaphakathi uze uwukhuphe umoya kangangoko unako. Khupha umoya wakho.
4. Faka emlonyeni: Beka umlomo we-inhaler emlonyeni wakho uze uwuvale kakuhle ngemilebe yakho.
5. Phefumla uze uphefumlele ngaphakathi: Ngelixa ucinezela incopho ye-inhaler kube kanye, phefumlela ngaphakathi nzulu ngomlomo wakho. (Ukuba uva isandi sokubhonga, uphefumlela ngaphakathi ngokukhawuleza kakhulu. Phefumla ngaphakathi nzulu.)
6. Bamba umoya wakho: Emva kokuphefumla, bamba umoya wakho imizuzwana eli-10. Bala ukuya kwi-10 engqondweni yakho. Oku kuya kunika iyeza ixesha lokufikelela kwiingcambu zemiphunga.
7. Ukukhupha umoya: Nceda ukhuphe umoya.
8. Linda umzuzu: Ukuba ugqirha wakho ukuxelele ukuba usele amayeza angaphezu kwesinye, linda umzuzu omnye ngaphambi kokuba usele kwakhona. Emva koko qala kwakhona kwinyathelo lesi-3.
9. Vala isigqubuthelo: Xa ugqibile ukusisebenzisa, qiniseka ukuba usivala kwakhona isigqubuthelo.
10. Hlamba umlomo wakho: Ukuba usebenzisa i-corticosteroid inhaler, oku kuyimfuneko. Emva kokusebenzisa iyeza, hlambulula umlomo wakho kakuhle ngamanzi okanye nge-mouthwash uze uyilahle. Oku kunokunceda ukuthintela usulelo lwefungus emlonyeni.
Ngaba kulungile ukusebenzisa i-inhaler ngaphezu kokuba kuyimfuneko?
Kuthiwa ukuba into eninzi kakhulu ayilunganga. Le inhaler ayifani. Ukuba usebenzisa kakhulu, ingakumbi i-"Rescue Inhaler" yexeshana elifutshane, umzimba wakho usenokungasabeli kakuhle kwiyeza emva kwexesha elithile. Kusenokwenzeka ukuba inkqubo yakho yokuphefumla inokuba buthathaka ngakumbi kwizinto ezifana nomsi nothuli. Ngoko ke , sebenzisa amayeza kuphela ngobuninzi nangokuyalelwa ngugqirha wakho .
Ufanele uye nini kugqirha?
Ukuba awuzange ufunyaniswe unesifo sokuphefumla ngaphambili, kodwa uneempawu ezifana nobunzima bokuphefumla, ukukhohlela okungapheliyo, kunye nokuphefumla okungapheliyo, kubaluleke kakhulu ukubona ugqirha ngokukhawuleza kwaye ufumane uvavanyo olufanelekileyo.
Ukuba sele usebenzisa i-bronchodilator, qiniseka ukuba ubona ugqirha wakho kwezi meko zilandelayo:
- Ukuba kufuneka usebenzise i-rescue inhaler yakho (SABA/Rescue Inhaler) ngaphezulu kwesibini ngeveki, olu luphawu olukhulu lokuba isifo sakho asilawulwa kakuhle.
- Ukuba uvakalelwa kukuba idosi yamayeza ekhoyo awanelanga ukulawula iimpawu zakho.
- Ukuba iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zeyeza zikubangela ukungakhululeki.
Ngokuthetha nogqirha wakho kwaye uphuhlise isicwangciso sonyango esikufaneleyo, uya kukwazi ukuphila ubomi obutofotofo.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- I-bronchodilator luhlobo lonyango oluvula indlela yomoya kwaye lwenze kube lula ukuphefumla.
- Kukho iintlobo ezimbini eziphambili: iintlobo ezisebenza ixesha elifutshane xa kukho iimeko ezingxamisekileyo kunye neentlobo ezisebenza ixesha elide ezithathwa yonke imihla ukuze kulawulwe esi sifo ixesha elide.
- Ukuze ufumane okuninzi kwi-inhaler yakho, kubalulekile ukufunda indlela yokuyisebenzisa ngokuchanekileyo.
- Ukuba kufuneka usebenzise i-Rescue Inhaler yakho ngaphezu kwesibini ngeveki, oko kuthetha ukuba imeko yakho ayilawuleki. Kwimeko enjalo, bonana nogqirha wakho ngoko nangoko.
- Ungaze uyeke ukuthatha amayeza akho okanye utshintshe umthamo ngaphandle kwengcebiso kagqirha wakho. Musa ukwabelana nge-inhaler yakho nabani na.
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