I-Cancer Cachexia: Singathetha ngale nto?

Ukuba wena okanye umntu omaziyo unomhlaza, usenokuba uqaphele ukuba ngokuhamba kwexesha, umzimba wakhe uye waba mncinci kwaye ujongeka wahlukile. Abantu abaninzi bacinga ukuba oku kuyinxalenye yomhlaza okanye isiphumo esingesihle sonyango. Oko kusenokuba yinyani ngandlela ithile. Nangona kunjalo, le meko ngamanye amaxesha inokuba yinto enzulu ngakumbi, imeko ebizwa ngokuba yi-cancer cachexia . Makhe sithethe ngale nto ngokweenkcukacha namhlanje, kuba ichaphazela umgangatho wobomi bezigulane zomhlaza kunye nendlela ezisabela ngayo kunyango.

Yintoni iCancer Cachexia?

Ngamafutshane, i-cancer cachexia sisifo esibi sokuchitha ixesha esibangelwa ngumhlaza. Oku kuxa ulahlekelwa yimisipha emininzi yamathambo kunye namafutha omzimba . Akupheleli nje ekunciphiseni ubunzima, kodwa nakwimisipha enika amandla. Oku kuncipha kobunzima kunokutshintsha inkangeleko yakho, kukubangele ukungakhululeki ngokweemvakalelo, kwaye kwenze kube nzima nokujongana nonyango lomhlaza. Kunokuchaphazela nomgangatho wobomi bakho kwaye ngamanye amaxesha kuphazamise amandla akho okujamelana nomhlaza.

Iingcali zithi le meko ichaphazela malunga nama-50% ezigulane ezinomhlaza. Kwakhona, inokubonwa malunga nama-75% abantu abanomhlaza osasazekileyo, oko kukuthi, kwiSigaba sesi-4 somhlaza. Okubuhlungu kukuba, le meko ibangela ukufa kwama -25% komhlaza.

Nangona le meko inokwenzeka nakweyiphi na uhlobo lomhlaza, ixhaphake kakhulu kubantu abanezi ntlobo zomhlaza:

• Umhlaza weColoral
• Umhlaza wemiphunga
• I-Melanoma, uhlobo lomhlaza wolusu
• Umhlaza wePancreatic

Nangona oogqirha bengenakuyinyanga ngokupheleleyo i-cachexia yomhlaza, unyango luzama ukwandisa ukutya okutyayo, ingakumbi ekugxileni ekutyeni okuneproteni ephezulu kunye neekhalori eziphezulu .

Zithini iimpawu ze-cachexia yomhlaza?

Uphawu oluphambili nolucacileyo lwale meko kukulahlekelwa ngaphezu kwe-10% yobunzima bomzimba wakho uphela kwiinyanga ezi-6 ukuya kwezili-12 ezidlulileyo . Oku kuquka izihlunu kunye namafutha. Ngaphandle koko, kunokubakho ezinye iimpawu ezininzi:

• Ukudinwa kakhulu kunye nobuthathaka: Usenokuziva ngathi awunawo amandla aneleyo okwenza imisebenzi yakho yemihla ngemihla, ukunyamekela usapho lwakho, okanye nokwenza imisebenzi yakho yasekhaya. Kufana nokuba awuphili.
• Ukuphelelwa ngamandla kwemisipha: Oogqirha bakwabiza oku ngokuthi ukuphelelwa ngamandla kwemisipha okanye ukuwohloka kwemisipha . Oku kukulahlekelwa ngamandla kwemisipha kunye nokuphelelwa ngamandla kwemisipha.
• I-Anorexia: Kulapho uphelelwa ngumnqweno wokutya, ungaziva ulambile. Ngamanye amaxesha awufuni nokucinga ngokutya. Kodwa oku kwahlukile kwisifo sokutya esibizwa ngokuba yi-anorexia nervosa esive ngaso.
• I-anemia: Usenokuba ne-anemia kuba umzimba wakho, xa usabela ekuvuvukeni, ukhupha iproteni echaphazela ukuveliswa kweeseli ezibomvu zegazi.
• Usulelo oluqhelekileyo: I-cancer cachexia inokwenza buthathaka amasosha omzimba wakho, nto leyo ebangela ukuba ungakwazi ukulwa nesifo. Oku kunokukwenza ube namathuba amaninzi okufumana usulelo.

Kutheni le nto ibangela ukuba kubekho le cachexia yomhlaza?

Kukho izizathu ezahlukeneyo zoku. Umhlaza uyayikhawulezisa imetabolism yakho. Oku kuthetha ukuba umzimba wakho udinga amandla angakumbi ekutyeni. Kwangaxeshanye, unyango lomhlaza kunye nomhlaza lunokunciphisa umnqweno wakho wokutya. Isiphumo kukuba utya kancinci xa umzimba wakho ufuna izondlo ezingaphezulu.

Nazi ezinye zezizathu ezichaphazela ngqo le meko:

• Iintlobo ezithile zee-cytokines: Ii-Cytokines ziikhemikhali ezilawula indlela kunye nexesha inkqubo yethu yomzimba yokuzikhusela isabela ngayo kwiintsholongwane ezifana neentsholongwane. Kwi-cachexia yomhlaza, inkqubo yakho yomzimba yokuzikhusela ikhupha iintlobo ezithile zee-cytokines. Ezi zibangela ukudumba, okwandisa izinga umzimba wakho ophula ngalo amafutha kunye nemisipha. Umhlaza nawo ubangela ukudumba, kwaye ezi cytokines zinokwenza kube mandundu oko kudumba.
• Iimpawu zomhlaza kunye nemiphumo emibi: Intlungu, isicaphucaphu, kunye nokuhlanza okubangelwa ngumhlaza kunokukwenza utye kancinci. Kwakhona, ukuba nomhlaza kunokukwenza uzive udandathekile kwaye ulahlekelwe ngumdla wokutya.
• Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zonyango lomhlaza: Izinto ezinje ngotyando, unyango ngemitha , i-chemotherapy , kunye nezinye izithomalalisi zentlungu ze-opioid zinokubangela ubunzima bokuginya okanye ziphazamise amandla omzimba okufunxa izondlo.
• Ukuxhathisa i-insulin: Oku kuthetha ukuba izihlunu zakho kunye neeseli zamafutha aziphenduli kakuhle kwi-insulin. Oku kuxhathisa i-insulin, okwenzeka kwi-cachexia, kunokukhokelela ekuwohlokeni kwemisipha.
• Ukwanda kokuguquka kweproteni: Ukuguquka kweproteni yinkqubo apho iiproteni ezindala kwiiseli zakho zitshintshwa ngeeproteni ezintsha. Oku kwenzeka ngokuwohloka kweproteni . Kwi-cachexia yomhlaza, iiproteni kwiiseli ziyawohloka ngokukhawuleza kangangokuba iiproteni ezintsha azikwazi ukuzitshintsha. Oku kukwabangela ukuphelelwa yimisipha.

Ziziphi iingxaki ze-cachexia yomhlaza?

Le meko inokuba yingozi nakubomi. Umzekelo, cinga nge-cachexia, eyona nto ibangela ukufa kwi-20% ukuya kwi-25% yezigulane ezinee -tumors eziqinileyo ezisasazekileyo, ezifana nomhlaza wamaphaphu okanye we-prostate, xa umhlaza usasazeka kwezinye iindawo zomzimba.

Ezinye iingxaki zingabandakanya:

• Impembelelo kunyango lomhlaza: Umzimba wakho udinga izihlunu namafutha ukuze uphile emva konyango lomhlaza. Ukulahlekelwa zezi zinto kunokuchaphazela amandla akho okufumana unyango lomhlaza. Usenokude ulahlekelwe namandla okunyamezela unyango.
• Iingxaki zempilo yengqondo: Ukufunyanwa une-cachexia yomhlaza kunokuthetha ukuba uneenyanga ezimbalwa kuphela zokuphila. Olu lwazi lunokukwenza uzive uxhalabile kwaye udandathekile.
• Impembelelo kusapho nakubahlobo: Le meko inokubangela uxinzelelo kulwalamano lwakho nosapho nabahlobo. Awunakuziva ulusizi kuphela xa ubona utshintsho emzimbeni wakho, kodwa nabanakekeli bakho banokuba nexhala ngakumbi ngempilo yakho. Izifundo zibonise ukuba xa amalungu osapho ebona ezi mpawu, anokunyanzela isigulana ukuba sitye, nokuba sithandana, nto leyo enokubangela ingxabano engeyomfuneko kwaye yonyuse imeko esele ixinezelekile.

Khawucinge nje, xa ilungu losapho libhityile ngenxa yomhlaza kwaye lingakwazi ukutya, kuyinto eqhelekileyo ukugxininisa uthi, “Nceda utye kancinci, nceda utye nalokhu.” Kodwa oko kunokuba nzima ngakumbi kumguli.

Oogqirha bayixilonga njani i-cachexia yomhlaza?

Iqela lakho lonyango lomhlaza kunye/okanye iqela lonyango lokuthomalalisa iintlungu liza kukuhlola ngokwasemzimbeni. Basenokukucela ukuba ugcwalise iphepha lemibuzo malunga nendlela otya ngayo, kwaye banokwenza uvavanyo lokulinganisa ukomelela kwakho kunye namandla emisipha.

Ukongeza, kunokucetyiswa ukuba kwenziwe i-CT scan okanye i-DXA scan . Le DXA scan ilinganisa ubungakanani bezicubu ezithambileyo ezingalweni nasemilenzeni yakho. Inganika ugqirha we-oncologist umbono wobunzima bemisipha yakho. Iziphumo zezi mvavanyo ziya kunceda ugqirha ukuba amisele inqanaba lesifo.

Zithini izigaba ze-cachexia yomhlaza?

Kukho izigaba ezintathu eziphambili ze-cachexia yomhlaza:

• I-Pre-cachexia: Kweli nqanaba, ulahlekelwa bubunzima nangona utya kakuhle. Nangona kunjalo, awukalahlekelwa ngaphezu kwe-5% yobunzima bomzimba wakho kwiinyanga ezi-6-12 ezidlulileyo. Ukuba utyebile kakhulu, oku kwehla kobunzima kusenokungabonakali, kodwa uvavanyo lubonisa ukuba utshintsho lwe-metabolic lwenzekile kwaye ulahlekelwa zizihlunu kunye namafutha.
• I-Cachexia:Okwangoku, ulahlekelwe ngaphezu kwe-5% yobunzima bomzimba wakho kwiinyanga ezi-6-12 ezidlulileyo, okanye ulahlekelwe ngaphezu kwe-2% yobunzima bomzimba wakho, kwaye i-body mass index yakho (BMI) ingaphantsi kwe-20kg/m². Uvavanyo lunokubonisa iimpawu zokuphelelwa yimisipha kunye nokudumba.
• I-Refractory cachexia: Kweli nqanaba, ulahlekelwe ngaphezu kwama-20% obunzima bakho obuqhelekileyo kwaye i-BMI yakho ingaphantsi kwama-27 kg/m² (oku kunokubonakala kuphezulu, kodwa kunzima xa kudibaniswa nokwehla okukhulu kobunzima). Ukwehla kobunzima bakho kunokukwenza ubonakale ungaphili kakuhle kwaye kukwenze ungakwazi ukumelana nonyango lomhlaza. Kwezinye iimeko, unyango lomhlaza lunokuyeka ukusebenza.

Ziziphi iindlela zonyango lwe-cachexia yomhlaza?

Unyango lwakho luza kugxila kakhulu kwiindlela zokuphucula isondlo . Umzekelo, iqela lakho lomhlaza kunye neqela lonyango lokudambisa iintlungu banokucebisa izinto ezifana nezi:

• Yitya kakuhle: Gxila ekutyeni ukutya okuncinci kunye ne-snacks eziphezulu kwiikhalori, amafutha, kunye neeproteni . Ukutya ukutya okuncinci kuya kukunceda ufumane iikhalori ezingaphezulu. Thetha nengcali yakho yesondlo malunga nokutya okuya kukunceda ufumane okuninzi kuyo yonke into oyityayo. Banokucebisa ukuba wongeze izinto ezifana netshizi, ibhotolo, amantongomane, kunye nobisi olungenamafutha ekutyeni kwakho.
• Zama izongezo: Buza ugqirha wakho we-oncologist okanye ingcali yezondlo malunga nezongezo zesondlo onokuzisela okanye uzitye phakathi kokutya. Ezi zinokubonelela ngesondlo esongezelelweyo.
• Yenza umthambo: Umthambo olula unokunceda ekunciphiseni ukulahleka kwemisipha, kodwa oku kufanele kwenziwe kuphela phantsi kwengcebiso kagqirha.
• Thembela kwiqela lakho lezonyango: Iqela lakho lonyango oluthomalalisayo linokukunceda ngezinto ezifana nempilo yengqondo kunye nenkxaso yokomoya. Loo nkxaso ibaluleke kakhulu ngeli xesha.

Ngaba kukho amayeza okunyanga i-cachexia?

Hayi okwangoku. Nangona uphando lubonisa ukuba iyeza elibizwa ngokuba yi-megestrol acetate linokunyusa ukutya kwaye likuncede ufumane ubunzima, i-U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) ayikayivumeli ukuba isetyenziselwe unyango lwe-cachexia yomhlaza. Kwezinye iimeko, ugqirha wakho unokukunika ikhosi ye -corticosteroids yexesha elifutshane.

Yintoni enokulindelwa ngumntu onesifo somhlaza i-cancer ca ...

Kuxhomekeke kakhulu kwimeko yakho. Oko kukuthi, ukuba ukuliphi inqanaba le-cachexia, ukuba ukuliphi inqanaba lomhlaza. Umzekelo, ukuba une-pre-cachexia, ukwenza utshintsho kwinto oyityayo kunokucothisa isantya sokulahlekelwa ngamafutha kunye nezihlunu. Kodwa, ngelishwa, nokuba uyandisa ubuninzi bokutya, awunakuyimisa ngokupheleleyo ilahleko okanye ubuyisele izihlunu kunye namafutha alahlekileyo.

Ukuba unesifo somhlaza esiqhubekekayo kunye ne-cachexia, okanye i-cachexia engaphenduliyo kunyango (i-refractory cachexia), ugqirha wakho we-oncologist usenokuthi usondela esiphelweni sobomi bakho. Ukuba unyangwa i-cachexia, iqela lakho lezonyango lingakunika ulwazi olungcono malunga noko ungakulindela.

Ingakanani ixesha lokuphila komntu one-cancer cachexia?

Ulindelo lobomi luyahluka kumntu nomntu. Nangona i-cachexia yomhlaza idla ngokuchaphazela abantu abanomhlaza oqhubele phambili, unokuba neempawu zangaphambi kwe-cachexia nakweyiphi na inqanaba lomhlaza wakho. Ukuba oko kuyenzeka, ungaphila neengxaki ezifana nomhlaza kunye ne-cachexia iminyaka. Nangona kunjalo, uphando lubonisa ukuba ukuba ne-cachexia yomhlaza ongenakuphendulwa, oluluhlobo lomhlaza olungaphenduliyo kunyango, kunciphisa amathuba akho okusinda kumhlaza malunga ne-30%.

I-cachexia yomhlaza yenzeka kuba esi sifo sibangela ukuba imetabolism yakho isebenzise amandla avela ekutyeni ngokukhawuleza kunesiqhelo. Ukongeza, unyango lomhlaza kunye nomhlaza lunokukuthintela ekutyeni ngokufanelekileyo. Ngenxa yoko, ubunzima bakho kunye nobunzima bemisipha bunokwehla kakhulu, okuchaphazela inkangeleko yakho (kunye nokuzithemba kwakho), amanqanaba akho amandla, kunye nomgangatho wobomi bakho.

Nangona kungekho nyango lukhethekileyo lwe-cancer cachexia, kukho izinto onokuzenza ukunceda ukulawula iimpawu zayo. Ukuba uhlangabezana nale meko, cela uncedo kwiqela lakho lokhathalelo lomhlaza. Bayaqonda imingeni yokuphila ne-cancer cachexia kwaye baya kwenza konke okusemandleni abo ukukunceda ukuba uyilawule.

Izinto ezibalulekileyo ekufuneka uzikhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

• I-cancer cachexia ayiyonxalenye yomhlaza ngokwawo, kodwa yimeko eyahlukileyo ekufuneka ilawulwe. Ukuba wena okanye umntu omthandayo ulahlekelwa bubunzima, uphelelwa ngumdla wokutya, okanye udinwe kakhulu, thetha nogqirha wakho ngayo loo nto.
• Isondlo sibaluleke kakhulu. Ukutya ukutya okuncinci, rhoqo okuneekhalori ezininzi kunye neeproteni, kunye nokufuna iingcebiso zonyango malunga nezongezo zesondlo kunokunceda ukulawula le meko.
• Awuwedwa. Kukho iingcali zomhlaza, abahlengikazi, iingcali zesondlo, kunye namaqela okhathalelo lwentlungu ukukunceda kolu hambo. Fumana inkxaso yabo.
• Impilo yengqondo nayo ibaluleke kakhulu. Kunye notshintsho lomzimba, uxinezeleko lunokubakho. Thetha neqela lakho lezonyango ngale nto kwaye ufumane inkxaso efunekayo.

Ukulwa nomhlaza akulula. Kunzima ukumelana neminye imingeni efana nale. Nangona kunjalo, ngolwazi olufanelekileyo kunye nenkxaso, le mingeni inokoyiswa.

I- Cachexia yomhlaza, umhlaza, ukuphelelwa ngamandla, ukuphelelwa ngamandla kwemisipha, isondlo, i-anorexia, unyango lomhlaza