Xa uthatha amayeza ixesha elide, ingakumbi xa kufuneka uwafake emthanjeni, kuyacaphukisa kakhulu ukufaka iinaliti emithanjeni yakho yonke imihla, akunjalo? Ngamanye amaxesha kunzima ukufumana umthambo, kwaye ukuba uhlala ufaka iinaliti emithanjeni yakho, unokuzonakalisa. Ngoko ke namhlanje sithetha ngesixhobo esikhethekileyo esinokuba luncedo kakhulu kwizigulane kunye noogqirha kwiimeko ezinje. Yiloo nto siyibiza ngokuba yi-central line, okanye i-CVC.
Yintoni kanye kanye umgca ophakathi (i-CVC)?
Ngamafutshane, umgca ophakathi yityhubhu ebhityileyo kakhulu, ende, neguquguqukayo efakwa kumthambo omkhulu emzimbeni wakho. Idla ngokufakwa kumthambo omkhulu entanyeni yakho, esifubeni, emqolo, okanye engalweni, kwaye elinye icala lombhobho lifakwe kumthambo oyintloko othwala igazi ukuya entliziyweni (i-'vena cava`).
Cinga ngayo 'njengomgwaqo omkhulu' okhethekileyo ofakwe egazini lakho. Ngale 'ndlela inkulu', oogqirha kunye nabahlengikazi banokufikelela lula kwigazi lakho.
Inxalenye ephumayo yale tube ingaba yeentlobo ezimbini:
1. Njengesigqubuthelo: Le yinxalenye ebonakala ngesikhumba sakho. Kulapho izinto ezifana netyhubhu yetyuwa ekunika amayeza ziqhagamshelwa khona.
2. Njengesigqubuthelo: Esi sisixhobo esincinci, esilingana nengqekembe yemali, esifakwa phantsi kwesikhumba. Kuphela kukubonakala umngxuma omncinci eluswini. Xa kufuneka kunikwe amayeza, kufakwa inaliti ekhethekileyo ngaloo mngxuma ize ingene eluswini.
Eyona nzuzo inkulu yoku kukuba xa sele uyifakile, ungenza izinto ezininzi ezifana nokusela amayeza, ukutsala igazi, kunye nokufaka i-saline, ngaphandle kokufumana inaliti rhoqo ixesha elide .
Yintoni umahluko phakathi komgca ophakathi kunye ne-cannula eqhelekileyo (i-Peripheral IV)?
Kukho umahluko omkhulu phakathi kwe-cannula (ekwabizwa ngokuba yi-'catheter') esiqhele ukuyifumana esibhedlele kunye nalo mgca uphakathi. Uza kuyiqonda lula xa ujonga le tafile.
| Isizathu sotshintsho | Umgca oPhakathi (i-CVC) | I-cannula eqhelekileyo (i-Peripheral IV) |
|---|---|---|
| Indawo yokufakwa emzimbeni | Ifakwa kumthambo omkhulu, onzulu entanyeni, esifubeni, emqolo, okanye engalweni engentla. | Idla ngokufakwa kumthambo omncinci obonakala ngaphezulu kwesikhumba, ngesiqhelo engalweni okanye esandleni. |
| Ubungakanani kunye nobude | Le tube inde kakhulu kwaye ityebile. Kufuneka ibe nde kuba kufuneka isondele entliziyweni. Ngamanye amaxesha kukho ezineetyhubhu ezimbini okanye ezintathu (lumens). Ezi zisetyenziselwa ukunika iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zamayeza ngaxeshanye. | Oku kufutshane kwaye kulula. Kuhamba umgama omfutshane nje kuphela emthanjeni. |
| Ixesha elinokugcinwa emzimbeni | Ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo, ingagcinwa iiveki, iinyanga, okanye iminyaka . | Ngokwesiqhelo kufuneka itshintshwe rhoqo emva kweentsuku ezimbalwa . |
Ngubani ofuna lo mgca uphakathi?
Oogqirha badla ngokuthatha isigqibo sokubeka umgca ophakathi ngolu hlobo xa isigulana sifuna unyango lwexesha elide. Umzekelo:
- Kwizigulane ezinomhlaza: Qhubeka unika unyango lwe-chemotherapy.
- Kwizigulane zezintso: Ukucoca igazi nge-Hemodialysis ukuze kucocwe igazi.
- Kubantu abasebenzisa amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane emithanjeni ixesha elide: Ezinye izifo ezinzulu zifuna amayeza kangangeeveki.
- Kwabo bafuna ukutsalwa igazi rhoqo: Abantu abaneengxaki zegazi kufuneka bathathwe iisampuli zegazi rhoqo.
- Kwabo bangakwaziyo ukutya ngendlela yokwetyisa: Abanye abaguli kufuneka bondliwe ngqo emithanjeni.
- Kwimeko engxamisekileyo: Kwimeko efana ``nokothuka kwe-hypovolemic``, xa kufuneka kunikwe ulwelo oluninzi okanye igazi ngoko nangoko emva kwengozi enkulu.
- Kwabo bafumana unyango ekhaya: Oku kwenza kube lula ukufumana unyango ekhaya.
Ziziphi iintlobo zemigca ephakathi ezikhoyo?
Ugqirha wakho uza kukhetha uhlobo olulungele wena ngokusekelwe kwimeko yakho yempilo kunye nokuba ufuna ukulugcina ixesha elingakanani. Kukho iintlobo ezininzi eziphambili.
| Thayipha igama | Inkcazo (Isebenza njani le nto?) | Ixesha elisetyenziswa rhoqo |
|---|---|---|
| I-Catheter ye-Venous Central engangeniswanga | Oku kufakwa ngqo emthanjeni entanyeni, esifubeni, okanye emqolo. Kusetyenziswa kwiimeko ezingxamisekileyo nakwiimfuno zexesha elifutshane. | Ngaphantsi kweeveki ezi-2 |
| Umgca wePICC (I-Catheter Ephakathi Efakwe Ngaphakathi) | Oku kufakwa ngomthambo osengalweni engasentla kwaye kuthunyelwa entliziyweni. Ekubeni kusengalweni, kulula kancinci kwimisebenzi yemihla ngemihla. | Ukususela kwiiveki ezimbalwa ukuya kwiinyanga ezimbalwa |
| I-Catheter ye-Venous Central eneTunneled | Oku kwenziwa ngenkqubo encinci yotyando. Kukho iindawo ezimbini apho ityhubhu ifakwa khona emthanjeni nalapho iphuma khona eluswini. Ityhubhu iphuma "ngethuneli" elincinci phantsi kolusu. Oku kunciphisa umngcipheko wosulelo. (Umzekelo: Broviac®, Hickman® ) | Kwiinyanga ezininzi nangaphezulu |
| Isango elingaphantsi kwesikhumba (Isango elifakwe kwi-Implanted) | Esi sisixhobo esifihliweyo ngokupheleleyo phantsi kolusu. Sifakwa ngotyando oluncinci. Akukho nto ibonakalayo ngaphandle. Inaliti ifakwe ngaphezulu kolusu kuphela xa kufuneka amayeza. Akukho miqathango ekuhlambeni okanye ekuqubheni. (Umzekelo: Port-a-Cath ) | Ukusetyenziswa ixesha elide kakhulu, ngaphezulu kweenyanga ezi-3 |
Uyifaka njani le mgca uphakathi?
Le nkqubo yenziwa ngugqirha ofumene uqeqesho olukhethekileyo ngale njongo. Le nkqubo inokwahluka kancinci ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo lwe-CVC onayo.
Kwenzeka ntoni ngaphambi kokuba umgca ophakathi ubekwe?
Ugqirha wakho uza kukuchazela ngenkqubo, kuquka iingenelo kunye neengozi. Eli lixesha elifanelekileyo lokubuza nayiphi na imibuzo onokuba nayo. Imvume yakho iya kufunyanwa emva koko. Kwimeko engxamisekileyo, kusenokungabikho xesha lale ngxoxo. Uza kubekwa (ngesiqhelo ulele phantsi) kwaye uqhagamshelwe kwiimonitha ukuze ujonge izinga lentliziyo yakho kunye noxinzelelo lwegazi.
Kwenzeka ntoni xa uyifaka le nto?
Ixesha elininzi, uya kunikwa iyeza lokuthomalalisa ukuze ungabi nantlungu. Ungalaliswa (ukupholisa). Inkqubo idla ngokuba ngolu hlobo:
1. Indawo yesikhumba apho inaliti iza kufakwa khona icocwe kakuhle kwaye ibulawe iintsholongwane.
2. Bafaka amayeza ukuze bavale loo ndawo.
3. Emva koko, ngoncedo lwe -ultrasound scanner, umthambo ubekwe kwindawo echanekileyo kwaye kufakwa inaliti kuwo.
4. Intambo encinci (ucingo olukhokelayo) idluliselwa ngenaliti ize ingene emthanjeni.
5. Indawo yokubhoboza ikhuliswa kancinci ngeblade encinci, kwaye isixhobo esibizwa ngokuba yi-dilator sisetyenziselwa ukwenza indawo yetyhubhu ye-CVC.
6. Emva koko, ityhubhu ye-CVC idlula kancinci phezu kwentambo iye emthanjeni, ime xa ifika kwindawo efanelekileyo kufutshane nentliziyo.
7. Okokugqibela, inxalenye evelileyo yombhobho ithungelwa eluswini kwaye kufakwe ibhandishi ukugcina indawo icocekile.
I-CVC kunye ne-port efakwe kwi-tunnel zifakwa kusetyenziswa inkqubo encinci yotyando. Kwimeko ye-port, kwenziwa 'ipokotho' encinci phantsi kwesikhumba, i-port ifakwa ngaphakathi, kwaye ulusu luthungwa luvalwe.
Kwenzeka ntoni emva kokuba uyifakile?
Emva kokuba inkqubo igqityiwe, kuya kuthathwa i-X-ray yesifuba ukuqinisekisa ukuba ityhubhu ye-CVC ikwindawo eyiyo kwaye akukho ngxaki zimbi. Ukuba yonke into ilungile, uya kunikwa imiyalelo yokuba ungaya nini ekhaya kunye nendlela yokuyinyamekela ekhaya.
Zithini iingenelo zokuba nomgca ophakathi ofakweyo?
- Inciphisa ukuhlatywa rhoqo kweenaliti: Oku kunciphisa umonakalo kwimithambo yakho. Ikwasusa uloyiko kunye nokungonwabi kokuhlatywa kweenaliti.
- Iintlungu ezingaphantsi: Amanye amayeza anokubangela ukudumba kunye nentlungu emthanjeni xa enikwa nge-cannula eqhelekileyo. Oku kubuhlungu kuncinci kakhulu xa une-CVC.
- Ukusetyenziswa ixesha elide: Abantu abafumana unyango oluqhubekayo akufuneki batshintshe i-cannula yonke imihla.
Ngaba kukho naziphi na iingozi ezibandakanyekileyo?
Njengakwezinye iinkqubo zonyango, kukho iingozi ezincinci, kodwa ezi azenzeki rhoqo.
Umngcipheko oyintloko noqhelekileyo lusulelo . Silubiza ngokuba yi-`(Catheter-Related Bloodstream Infection - CRBSI)`. Ukuba indawo apho ityhubhu iphuma khona eluswini ayigcinwanga icocekile, iintsholongwane zingangena.
Ukongeza, kukho ezinye iingxaki ezininzi ezinokuvela ngexesha okanye emva kokubeka umgca:
- Ukopha.
- Umonakalo wemiphunga (i-pneumothorax).
- Ukonakala kwemithambo okanye imithambo yegazi.
- Ukuqhekeka kwegazi ngaphakathi komthambo (i-thrombosis).
Iqela lakho lezonyango liya kwenza konke okusemandleni alo ukunciphisa ezi ngozi, kwaye eyona nto ibalulekileyo onokuyenza kukugcina indawo ye-CVC icocekile kwaye ulandele imiyalelo kagqirha wakho ngononophelo.
Xa kufuneka ufowunele ugqirha wakho ngoko nangoko
Ukuba ubona naziphi na iimpawu ezingezantsi ngelixa usekhaya, kufuneka ufowunele ugqirha wakho ngokukhawuleza ngaphandle kokulibazisa . Ezi zinokuba ziimpawu zosulelo.
| Iimpawu zomngcipheko - nika ingqalelo ngokukhawuleza | |
|---|---|
| - Ifiva. | - Intlungu okanye ubuhlungu kwindawo okanye kufutshane nendawo yokufaka i-CVC. |
| - Ububomvu okanye imicu ebomvu ejikeleze ulusu. | - Ukudumba kolusu olujikelezileyo okanye ukuziva ufudumele xa uluchukumisa. |
| - Ulwelo olufana nobovu olumthubi okanye oluhlaza luyavuza. | - Ukuba ityhubhu ye-CVC ibonakala ngathi iphumile (oko kuthetha ukuba isenokukhululeka). |
Kwakhona, ukuba i-CVC yakho iphuma ngokupheleleyo ngengozi, bonana nogqirha ngoko nangoko.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Umgca ophakathi (i-CVC) sisixhobo esibaluleke kakhulu esinceda izigulane zifumane unyango ngokulula nangokukhuselekileyo, ziphepha isidingo seenaliti zemihla ngemihla ngexesha lonyango lwexesha elide.
- Ugqirha wakho uza kugqiba uhlobo lwe-CVC olulungele wena ngokusekelwe kwiimfuno zakho.
- Eyona ngozi iphambili yoku kusulelwa, ngoko ke kubalulekile ukugcina ulusu olungaphakathi nangaphandle kwe-CVC lucocekile kakhulu.
- Ukuba ubona naziphi na iimpawu zosulelo, ezinje ngomkhuhlane, ukubomvu, ukudumba, iintlungu, okanye ububomvu, yazisa ugqirha wakho ngoko nangoko.
- Ukuba unemibuzo okanye amathandabuzo malunga noku, zive ukhululekile ukuthetha nogqirha wakho ngako.
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