Igama elithi "chemotherapy" okanye "chemo" lizisa uloyiko kunye nexhala kuninzi lwethu. Mhlawumbi wena okanye umntu omthandayo uxelelwe ngolu nyango ngugqirha. Okanye mhlawumbi unomdla wokwazi okungakumbi ngalo. Nokuba siyintoni na isizathu, uloyiko olufika engqondweni xa usiva eli gama lufanelekile. Kodwa eneneni, ichemotherapy yenye yezona zixhobo zinamandla nezisebenzayo esinazo ekulweni nomhlaza. Ngoko ke namhlanje, masibeke ecaleni ezinye zezoyikiso zethu size sithethe ngokulula nangokunyanisekileyo malunga nokuba yintoni ngokwenene, indlela esebenza ngayo, kunye nesizathu sokuba kubekho iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga.
Yintoni kanye kanye i-chemotherapy?
Ngamafutshane, i-chemotherapy luhlobo lonyango olunikwa ukubulala iiseli zomhlaza okanye ukuzithintela ukuba zingakhuli. La ngamayeza anamandla kakhulu. Abizwa ngokuba "ngamayeza e-chemo."
Ukuze siqonde indlela esebenza ngayo le nto, masiqale sijonge iiseli emzimbeni wethu. Imizimba yethu yenziwe ngeebhiliyoni zeeseli. Iiseli eziphilileyo ziyahlukana xa zifuneka, zenze iiseli ezintsha, kwaye ziyafa xa zingasafuneki. Le yinkqubo ehlelekileyo kakhulu. Oku sikubiza ngokuba yi-'Cell Cycle'.
Kodwa iiseli zomhlaza ziliqela elahlukileyo, elingaqikelelweyo. Azisebenzi ngolu hlobo. Zihlala zihlukana kwaye zikhula ngaphandle kolawulo, kodwa azifi. Olu hlulo lungalawulekiyo yilo oludala iithumba. Ezi zingonakalisa nezicubu eziphilileyo.
Kulapho ke i-chemotherapy ingena khona. Eyona njongo iphambili ye-chemotherapy kukwahlula iiseli ngokukhawuleza. Ekubeni iiseli zomhlaza luhlobo lweseli oluqhekeka ngokukhawuleza, i-chemotherapy iya ngqo kwezi seli zomhlaza. Iyayimisa inkqubo yokwahlula ezo seli ize izitshabalalise. Oko kukuthi, iyayimisa ukwakheka kweeseli ezintsha zomhlaza.
Ngaba i-chemotherapy isetyenziselwa umhlaza kuphela?
Kwiimeko ezininzi, ewe. I-Chemotherapy lolona nyango luphambili lomhlaza. Ingcali yakho yomhlaza ingacebisa i-chemotherapy ukongeza kwezinye iindlela zonyango. Umzekelo:
- Utyando: I-chemotherapy inganikwa ukuze kuncitshiswe ithumba ngaphambi kokuba lisikwe kwaye lisuswe. I-chemotherapy inganikwa ukuze kubulawe naziphi na iiseli zomhlaza eziseleyo emva kotyando.
- Unyango lweMisebe: Ukunika unyango lweMisebe kunye nechemotherapy kunokunyusa impumelelo yonyango.
- Ezinye iindlela zonyango: Ngamanye amaxesha zinikwa kunye neendlela zonyango zanamhlanje ezifana ne-'Immunotherapy' okanye i-'Targeted Therapy'.
Kodwa kukho iimeko apho i-chemotherapy ingasetyenziswanga kuphela kumhlaza, kodwa nakwezinye iimeko ezininzi zonyango.
- Izifo ezichaphazela umzimba:Kwezi zifo, inkqubo yokuzikhusela yomzimba wethu (inkqubo yokuzikhusela komzimba) ihlasela ngempazamo iiseli zethu eziphilileyo. Amayeza e-chemotherapy alawula ukukhula kwezi seli zokuzikhusela ezisebenza kakhulu, anciphisa umonakalo eziwenzayo emzimbeni.
- Iingxaki Zegazi: Kwezinye iingxaki zegazi, umongo wethu wethambo uvelisa iiseli zegazi ezingaqhelekanga. Kwiimeko ezinjalo, kunokufuneka utyando lwe-stem cell. Ngaphambi koko, kunikwa i-chemotherapy ukutshabalalisa ezi seli ezingaqhelekanga kunye nokwenza indlela yeeseli ezintsha eziphilileyo.
Ziziphi iintlobo zamayeza e-chemotherapy?
Nangona ibizwa ngokuba yi-"chemo," ayisiyonto nje enye. Kukho iintlobo ezininzi zamayeza e-chemo. Ahlulwe ngokwamaqela ahlukeneyo ngokusekwe kwinto eyenziwe ngayo kunye nendlela abulala ngayo iiseli zomhlaza. Ugqirha wakho uya kukhetha iyeza okanye indibaniselwano yamayeza afanelekileyo kuwe ngokusekwe kuhlobo lomhlaza onalo, ukuba usasazeke kangakanani (inqanaba), kunye nempilo yakho iyonke.
Ngamanye amaxesha, endaweni yeyeza elinye kuphela, kunikwa amayeza aliqela kunye. Sibiza le chemotherapy edibeneyo . Oku kwenzelwa ukwenza unyango lusebenze ngakumbi. Kuba iyeza ngalinye lihlasela iiseli zomhlaza ngendlela eyahlukileyo. Kwakhona kunceda ukuthintela umzimba ekubeni ungaxhathisi kwiyeza elifanayo.
Itheyibhile engezantsi idwelisa iindidi ezininzi eziphambili zamayeza e-chemotherapy.
| Igama leqela leChemo | Zisebenza njani? | Eminye imizekelo |
|---|---|---|
| Iiarhente zeAlkylating | Ezi zinto zonakalisa i-DNA yeeseli zomhlaza, zithintela ukuba zingahlukani. Uhlobo oluthile olusetyenziselwa ukunyanga iithumba zobuchopho nalo lukwalo qela. | ICyclophosphamide, iCarboplatin, iCisplatin |
| Ii-antimetabolites | Ezi zikhohlisa iseli yomhlaza. Zizenza ngathi zizinto ezifunekayo ukwenza i-DNA, efunekayo ukuze kwahlulwe iiseli, zize ziphazamise loo nkqubo. Kufana nokunika izitena ezingalunganga ukwakha udonga. | I-Methotrexate, i-5-fluorouracil, i-Gemcitabine |
| Ii-Topoisomerase Inhibitors | Iiseli zomhlaza zine-enzyme ekhethekileyo (`iTopoisomerase`) enceda i-DNA ukuba iphindaphindeke xa yahlukana. La mayeza ayayimisa loo enzyme. | I-Etoposide, i-Irinotecan, i-Topotecan |
| Izithinteli zeMitotic | Ezi zihlala zenziwe ngezityalo. Yiyo loo nto zibizwa ngokuba 'zii-alkaloids zezityalo.' Into abayenzayo kukuyeka inkqubo ('iMitosis') apho iiseli zomhlaza zahlukana khona zenze iiseli ezimbini. | I-Paclitaxel, iDocetaxel, iVincristine |
| Ii-Antibiotics ezilwa nomhlaza | Ezi zikwathintela i-DNA engaphakathi kwiiseli zomhlaza ukuba ingaphindaphindani. Ngamanye amaxesha zide zonakalise i-DNA. Ezi azifani nee-antibiotics esizisebenzisa rhoqo xa sisesifo. | I-Doxorubicin, iBleomycin, iMitomycin-C |
Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba akufuneki ukhathazeke ngeentlobo zamayeza kunye namagama awo. Ugqirha wakho uya kugqiba ukuba loluphi unyango olulungele wena aze akuchazele ngokucacileyo.
Masithethe ngeziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezoyikwa ngumntu wonke.
Xa kuthethwa nge-chemo, akunakwenzeka ukuba singathethi ngemiphumo emibi. Yile nto eyoyikisa abantu abaninzi. Kutheni ke le miphumo emibi isenzeka?
Khumbula ukuba besitshilo ngaphambili ukuba i-chemotherapy ijolise kwiiseli ezahlukana ngokukhawuleza . Ayizizo iiseli zomhlaza kuphela, kodwa nezinye iiseli eziphilileyo emizimbeni yethu nazo zahlukana ngokukhawuleza. Umzekelo:
- Iiseli ezikwiingcambu zeenwele zethu
- Iiseli ezijikeleze umlomo kunye nendlela yokugaya ukutya
- Iiseli ezenza igazi kumongo wethambo
Amayeza e-chemotherapy awakwazi ukubona umahluko phakathi kweeseli zomhlaza kunye neeseli eziphilileyo. Ke ngoko, ngelixa ehlasela iiseli zomhlaza, ayonakalisa nezi seli ziphilileyo ezahlulahlula ngokukhawuleza. Yiyo loo nto kuvela iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga.
Kodwa eyona nto ilungileyo apha kukuba iiseli zethu eziphilileyo zinokuphola kulo monakalo. Kodwa iiseli zomhlaza azikwazi, ziyafa nje.
Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga eziqhelekileyo
Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zinokwahluka ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo lwe-chemotherapy oyifumanayo. Asinguye wonke umntu ofumana iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezifanayo. Eziqhelekileyo ziquka:
- Ukudinwa: Le yinto abantu abaninzi abahlangabezana nayo.
- Isicaphucaphu Nokugabha: Kodwa ngoku kukho amayeza alungileyo kakhulu okulawula oku.
- Ukulahleka kweenwele: Ayizizo zonke iziyobisi ze-chemo ezibangela ukulahleka kweenwele. Nokuba zinjalo, iinwele ziya kukhula kwakhona emva kokuba unyango luphelile.
- Izilonda zomlomo: Izilonda ezincinci zinokuvela ngaphakathi emlonyeni.
- Ukulahlekelwa yinkanuko: Incasa yokutya ingatshintsha.
- Urhudo okanye ukuqhina
- Ukwehla kwenani leeseli zegazi: Umongo wethambo uyachaphazeleka, nto leyo ekhokelela ekwehleni kweeseli ezibomvu zegazi, nto leyo ebangela i-anemia , kunye nokwehla kweeseli ezimhlophe zegazi, nto leyo ebangela i-neutropenia . Xa kuvela i-neutropenia, amandla omzimba okulwa neentsholongwane ayancipha, nto leyo eyenza kube lula ukuba kubekho usulelo.
Eyona nto ibalulekileyo: Musa ukuyeka unyango ngenxa yezi ziphumo bezingalindelekanga. Kukho iindlela kunye namayeza okulawula nokunciphisa zonke ezi ziphumo bezingalindelekanga. Ugqirha wakho kunye nabasebenzi bakho bomongikazi baya kwenza konke okusemandleni abo ukukunceda.
Ndifanele ndithethe nogqirha nini?
Kubalulekile ukuba nonxibelelwano oluhle phakathi kwakho nogqirha wakho ngexesha lonyango lwakho lwe-chemo. Musa ukoyika ukuxelela ugqirha wakho ngayo nayiphi na ingxaki okanye iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ozifumanayo.
- Ukuba uneziphumo ebezingalindelekanga, ndixelele ngoko nangoko.
- Ndixelele ukuba iyeza lokunyanga isicaphucaphu nentlungu alisebenzi na.
- Ukuba unesifo esifana nomkhuhlane okanye umkhuhlane, sazise ngoko nangoko.
Ugqirha wakho unokukunika amayeza ahlukileyo okanye atshintshe idosi okanye ishedyuli yechemotherapy yakho. Khumbula, awuhambi wedwa kolu hambo.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- I-chemotherapy lunyango olunamandla nolusebenzayo lokulwa nomhlaza. Musa ukuyoyika ngokungeyomfuneko.
- Isebenza ngokujolisa kwiiseli ezahlulahlula ngokukhawuleza, ezifana neeseli zomhlaza.
- Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zenzeka kuba iiseli eziphilileyo eziqhekeka ngokukhawuleza nazo ziyachaphazeleka. Kodwa uninzi lwezi ziphumo bezingalindelekanga zezexeshana kwaye zinokulawulwa.
- Thetha ngokukhululekileyo nogqirha wakho ngayo nayiphi na ingxaki onokuba unayo. Basoloko bekulungele ukukunceda.
- Kubaluleke kakhulu ukulandela imiyalelo kagqirha ngokuchanekileyo nokuya kwiindibano zonyango ezicwangcisiweyo.
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