Ngaba nawe unesisu esibuhlungu? Masifunde ngale kholera!

Uyakhumbula ukuba ngamanye amaxesha ukhe ube norhudo ngequbuliso? Ngamanye amaxesha luhlala usuku olunye okanye ezimbini kuphela luze lube ngcono ngokwalo. Kodwa, khawucinge, ukuba urhudo oluhlala lumanzi, uzive ubuthathaka, kwaye uqala ukuhlanza... Emva koko kufuneka ulumke kancinci. Kuba, lunokuba luphawu lwesifo esibizwa ngokuba yiKholera, esinokuba yingozi kancinci. Ungoyiki, namhlanje siza kuthetha ngale kholera ngokulula, ngendlela onokuyiqonda. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukwazi ngale nto, kuba ngoko sinokuzikhusela kwaye sifumane unyango ngokukhawuleza ukuba kuyimfuneko.

Yintoni ikholera? Ngamafutshane...

Ngamafutshane, ikholera lusulelo lwebhaktheriya oluvela emathunjini ethu. Oku kubangela urhudo oluninzi nolunamanzi. Ukuchaneka, onke amanzi emzimbeni ayalahleka. Le meko siyibiza ngokuba kukuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni. Ayipheleli apho, kodwa umzimba wethu ulahlekelwa zii-electrolytes , eziyiminerali ezibalulekileyo ezinceda umzimba usebenze kakuhle.

Kubalulekile: Ikholera sisifo esinokubulala ukuba asinyangwa ngokufanelekileyo. Ukuba unesifo sorhudo, qala ukusela ulwelo oluninzi, olufana namanzi kunye nejusi. Ukuba isifo sorhudo sibi kakhulu, ukuba uhlanza kakhulu, okanye ukuba uneempawu zokuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni, kufuneka uye esibhedlele ngoko nangoko .

Ikholera ixhaphake kakhulu kwiindawo ezingenamanzi acocekileyo kunye nococeko olufanelekileyo. Ingafunyanwa nangokutya ukutya kwaselwandle okuluhlaza, njengeentlanzi. Ngamanye amaxesha, ikholera ingasasazeka kwiindyikitya emva kweentlekele zemvelo, ezifana neemvula ezinkulu, iinyikima, kunye neenkanyamba.

Kweziphi iindawo apho ikholera ixhaphake kakhulu khona?

Kuyo yonke imbali, ubhubhane wekholera uye wehla phantse kuyo yonke indawo ehlabathini. Nangona kunjalo, kutshanje, ubhubhane wamva nje uxelwe kwezi zilandelayo:

• Ukusuka kwamanye amazwe aseAsia
• Amazwe akumzantsi weNtlango yeSahara eAfrika (eMazantsi eSahara eAfrika)
• Ukusuka kwiCaribbean Islands

Kuqikelelwa ukuba phakathi kwesigidi esinye ukuya kwezine zabantu kwihlabathi liphela bafumana ikholera minyaka le, kwaye phakathi kwama-20,000 nangaphezulu kwama-100,000 abantu bayafa ngenxa yayo minyaka le. Ngoko ke esi asisosifo esimele sithathwe lula.

Zithini iimpawu zekholera? Uzibona njani ?

Uphawu oluphambili lwekholera yindle enamanzi . Oku kudla ngokuba yi-diarrhea engwevu, enamafu amancinci, efana ne-mucus. Cinga ngamanzi aphumayo xa sihlamba irayisi ngaphambi kokuba siyipheke... yiloo nto iyiyo. Ngamanye amaxesha ungabona iziqwenga ezincinci ze-mucus zidada esitulweni. Oogqirha bakwabiza le 'rice water stool' . Olu diarrhea lunokuba nzima ngequbuliso kwaye lunokukhokelela ekuphelelweni ngamanzi emzimbeni okusongela ubomi.

Ezinye iimpawu zezi:

• Ukuhlanza
• Unxano olukhulu
• Ukudinwa
• Ukuqaqamba kwemisipha okanye ubuthathaka
• Isiyezi
• Ukuchama okunciphileyo kakhulu okanye ukuyeka ukuchama
• Isantya sentliziyo esikhawulezayo

Kodwa kufuneka wazi ukuba abantu abaninzi abanekholera basenokungabonakalisi zimpawu. Banokusasaza esi sifo kwabanye, bengazi nokuba bayagula.

Yintoni ebangela ikholera? Siyifumana njani ?

Ikholera ibangelwa luhlobo lwebhaktheriya ebizwa ngokuba yiVibrio cholerae (okanye i-V. cholerae) . Le bhaktheriya ihlala emanzini afudumeleyo anetyuwa encinci (amdaka). Ngoko ke, xa sisela amanzi okanye sisitya ukutya okungcoliswe yile bhaktheriya ye-V. cholerae, le bhaktheriya inamathela eludongeni lwamathumbu ethu amancinci ize ivelise ityhefu apho. Kungenxa yezi tyhefu apho sifumana khona isifo sohudo.

Ngoko ke, iindlela eziphambili esinokuyifumana ngazo ikholera zezi:

• Ngokutya ukutya kwaselwandle okuluhlaza njengee-oysters.
• Ngokusela amanzi angcoliswe lindle/indle equlethe intsholongwane ye-V. cholerae.
• Ngokutya ukutya okuphekwe ngamanzi aneebhaktheriya ze-V. cholerae.

Ngaba ikholera inokudluliselwa ukusuka komnye umntu ukuya komnye?

Ikholera ayisasazeki ngqo ukusuka komnye umntu ukuya komnye, njengomkhuhlane. Oko kukuthi, ayisasazeki ngokuthetha okanye ngokuba kufutshane nomntu. Nangona kunjalo, ingasasazeki ngokungathanga ngqo . Uyazi ukuba njani ? Kwiindawo apho kungekho manzi acocekileyo kwaye zimbalwa iindawo zangasese, ukuba ilindle (indle) yomntu onekholera ingcolisiwe kwaye ingena kwindawo engqongileyo, ingangcolisa amanzi (umzekelo, amanzi omthombo, amanzi omlambo). Ukuba usela loo manzi, okanye upheka ngaloo manzi, okanye uhlamba izandla zakho ngawo, isifo sinokusasazeka kwabanye. Yiyo loo nto ucoceko lubaluleke kangaka.

Ngubani osengozini enkulu yokufumana ikholera?

Ukuqhambuka kwekholera kunokwenzeka kakhulu kwiindawo apho kungekho manzi acocekileyo, ucoceko olufanelekileyo, kunye neendlela zokucoca amanzi okusela nokupheka. Le ngozi ikwaphezulu nakwiindawo ezichaphazeleke ziintlekele zemvelo (ezifana neenyikima okanye izikhukula).

Nangona nabani na osuleleke yintsholongwane ye-V. cholerae anokuba ne-cholera, abanye abantu basengozini enkulu. Usenokuba sengozini enkulu yokufumana ikholera ukuba:

• Ukuba ungumfazi.
• Ukuba uhlobo lwegazi lakho 'ngu-O'.
• Ukuba isisu sakho sine-asidi ephantsi, oko kukuthi, ukuba unesifo esibizwa ngokuba yi -hypochlorhydria (umzekelo, ukuba uthatha rhoqo ii-antacids okanye ii-proton pump inhibitors ze-gastritis).
• Ukuba ukhe wenziwa utyando lokususa inxalenye okanye sonke isisu sakho (i-gastrectomy).
• Ukuba unosulelo lwe-H. pylori .

Ziziphi iingxaki ezinokubakho zekholera? Ngaba ezi ziyingozi?

Ikholera iyingozi kakhulu ngenxa yezinto ezimbini : ukuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni kunye nokulahleka kwee-electrolytes emzimbeni . Iingxaki ezibangelwa zezi meko zinokubulala ngokukhawuleza. Ezi ngxaki ziquka:

• Ukothuka kwe-Hypovolemic: Le yimeko yokothuka ebangelwa kukwehla komthamo wegazi kunye nolwelo emzimbeni.
• Iingxaki zesingqisho sentliziyo.
• Ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwamalungu omzimba, ingakumbi izintso.

Yiyo loo nto sisithi ukuba kukho ikholera erhanelwayo, kubaluleke kakhulu ukufuna unyango ngokukhawuleza.

Icholwa njani ikholera ngokuchanekileyo?

Oogqirha baxilonga ikholera ngokuthatha isampuli yendle baze bajonge ukuba ikhona na intsholongwane ye-V. cholerae. Ngamanye amaxesha ugqirha wakho angenza uvavanyo lwegazi ukujonga amanqanaba etyuwa yakho kunye nokuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni.

Zithini iindlela zonyango lwekholera?

Eyona nto ibalulekileyo ekufuneka yenziwe xa unyanga ikholera kukuthintela ukuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni . Oku kungenziwa ngokusela ulwelo oluninzi, okanye ngokunika ulwelo olufakwa kwimithambo yegazi (ii-IV fluids) ukuba kuyimfuneko. Ukongeza, oogqirha ngamanye amaxesha banika amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane afana ne -doxycycline, i-erythromycin, okanye i-azithromycin ukukunceda uphile ngokukhawuleza.

Ukunika abantwana abancinci abaphakathi kweenyanga ezi-6 kunye neminyaka emi-5 ubudala izongezo ze-zinc kukwayinxalenye yonyango.

Kubalulekile: Amayeza okulwa norhudo akacetyiswa kwikholera. Angenza iimpawu zibe zimbi ngakumbi. Oku kungenxa yokuba urhudo yindlela umzimba okhupha ngayo iintsholongwane.

Ungazikhusela njani kwikholera? Ziziphi iindlela zokuthintela?

Iindlela ezilungileyo zokuphepha ikholera zezi:

• Sela amanzi acocekileyo kuphela. Bilisa amanzi kakuhle. Okanye uwasebenzise nge-chlorine ukuze acoceke.
• Hlamba izandla zakho kakuhle ngamanzi acocekileyo nesepha, ingakumbi phambi kokutya, ukulungiselela ukutya, nasemva kokusebenzisa indlu yangasese.
• Ukuba awuqinisekanga ngobunyulu bamanzi apho uhlala khona, sebenzisa amanzi asebhotileni kuphela xa useza kwaye upheka.

Ukuba uhlala kwindawo apho usengozini enkulu yokufumana ikholera, okanye ukuba uya kuyo, kukho amayeza okugonya afumanekayo. Khumbula ukuba nangona la mayeza enokunceda ekunciphiseni umngcipheko wokufumana esi sifo, awawuphelisi ngokupheleleyo umngcipheko.

Ngomlinganiselo omkhulu, eyona ndlela ilungileyo yokuthintela ikholera kukubonelela wonke umntu ngamanzi okusela acocekileyo kunye nococeko olufanelekileyo. Oku kufuna iinkqubo zobuntu kunye nempilo yoluntu ezikumgangatho wehlabathi.

Yintoni omawuyenze ukuba ufumana ikholera? Ufanele uye nini esibhedlele ngoko nangoko?

Ukuba ufumana ikholera – okanye nasiphi na isifo esibangela urhudo okanye ukugabha – eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukusela amanzi amaninzi ngaphambi kokuba uphelelwe ngamanzi emzimbeni .

• Yintoni elungileyo ukusela?Amanzi, iporridge enetyuwa, iisuphu, kunye nezisombululo zokubuyisela amanzi emzimbeni (ORS), ezifana neJeevani yethu, okanye iPedialyte® okanye iCeralyte®, onokuzithenga kwikhemesti, zezona zikhetho zilungileyo zokuhlala unamanzi emzimbeni.
• Yintoni ekungafanele uyisele? Iziselo ezineswekile ezifana neziselo zemidlalo, iijusi zeziqhamo, kunye nesoda zinokwenza urhudo lube mandundu kuba zinoshukela omninzi. Kwakhona, kuphephe ukuthatha amayeza okulwa norhudo.

Ufanele uye nini esibhedlele (ETU) ngoko nangoko?

Urhudo lunokukubangela ukuba uphelelwe ngamanzi emzimbeni ngokukhawuleza. Ukuba urhudo olukhulu okanye uhlanza, yiya esibhedlele okanye ufumane uncedo lwezonyango olungxamisekileyo ngoko nangoko. Ukuba urhudo okanye uhlanza kunye nezi mpawu, fowunela ku-911 (1990 Suwaseriya eSri Lanka) ngoko nangoko okanye uye esibhedlele ngoko nangoko:

• Ukuqaqamba kwemisipha
• Unxano olukhulu
• Ukulahleka komchamo okunciphileyo kakhulu okanye okupheleleyo
• Isiyezi
• Ubuthathaka
• Isantya sentliziyo esikhawulezayo
• Ukudideka okanye utshintsho kwimeko yengqondo

Ngaba ikholera iya kunyangwa ngaphandle konyango?

Ewe, ikholera inokunyangeka ngaphandle kwee-antibiotics. Nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukulawula iimpawu ngokufanelekileyo . Oku kuthetha ukusela ulwelo oluninzi, ukutshintsha ii-electrolytes, kunye nokuthintela izifo ezinzulu.

Ngonyango – oko kukuthi, ngolawulo olufanelekileyo lolwelo ukuthintela ukuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni – izinga lokufa ngenxa yekholera lingaphantsi kwe-1%. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba ayinyangwa, eli zinga lingaphezulu kwe-50% . Oko kubonisa ukubaluleka konyango, akunjalo?

Yeyiphi imibuzo omele uyibuze ugqirha?

Ukuba ukrokrela ukuba unekholera, kunokuba luncedo ukubuza le mibuzo xa ubona ugqirha:

• Yeyiphi indlela engcono yokuhlala unamanzi emzimbeni?
• Ndingenza ntoni xa ndiziva ndiphelelwe ngamanzi emzimbeni?
• Ndingenza ntoni ukuthintela ukuba ikholera ingasasazeki kwabanye?

Ukuba ndiya kwindawo apho kukho ikholera, ndingazikhusela njani ?

E-United States, kukho umbutho obizwa ngokuba yi-CDC (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention). Kwiwebhusayithi yabo (Travel Health Notices), abahambi banokufumana ulwazi malunga neendawo apho izifo ezifana nekholera zixhaphake khona.

Ukuba uhlala kwindawo apho kukho ikholera exhaphakileyo, okanye ukuba uceba ukuya kwenye, lumka kakhulu ngamanzi owaselayo. Hlamba izandla zakho kakuhle, kwaye ulumke xa ulungisa ukutya. Ezi zinto zinokukunceda:

• Amanzi asebhotileni
• Iipilisi ze-chlorine - amanzi okucoca
• I-bleach yasekhaya - ukucoca amanzi (sebenzisa umlinganiselo ofanelekileyo)
• Iipilisi ze-iodine - amanzi okucoca
• Ukutya okupakishwe kwangaphambili

Okokugqibela, izinto ekufuneka uzikhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Ngoko ke, ukuba unesifo sorhudo esinzima, nokuba sibangelwa yikholera okanye nasiphi na esinye isizathu, bonana nogqirha ngokukhawuleza . Kufuneka utshintshe ulwelo kunye nee-electrolytes ukuze uthintele ukuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni. Le ngxaki, ebizwa ngokuba kukuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni, inokubangela iingxaki ezinkulu zempilo kwanokufa.

Nangona singava rhoqo ngekholera, isengumngcipheko omkhulu kwimpilo kwihlabathi liphela. Amasebe ezempilo karhulumente asebenzisana ukunciphisa ukuqhambuka kwekholera nokufa, ingakumbi kwiindawo ezichaphazelekileyo.

Ukuba usiya kwindawo apho kukho ikholera exhaphakileyo, ukufumana isitofu sokugonya kunokukunceda ukhusele wena nabanye. Sela amanzi amaninzi, ipapa enetyuwa, kunye nejeevani kwangoko nje ukuba unesifo sorhudo. Ukuba awuqinisekanga ukuba ungahlala unamanzi emzimbeni, funa ingcebiso kagqirha ngaphandle kokulibazisa . Khumbula, ucoceko lolona khuselo lubalaseleyo kwikholera!

Ikholera , urhudo, ukuhlanza, ukuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni, usulelo lweebhaktheriya, i-Vibrio cholerae, amanzi acocekileyo, ucoceko, izifo ezisulelayo