Ngaba nawe unemibuzo malunga ne-cholesterol? Masithethe ngayo yonke into ngokulula!

Mhlawumbi ulivile igama elithi 'cholesterol' rhoqo xa usiya ekliniki okanye xa umntu omdala ekhaya ethetha, akunjalo? Abanye abantu bayayoyika kakhulu, ngelixa abanye bengaliqondi kakuhle. Yintoni kanye kanye i-cholesterol? Kutheni sifanele sikhathazeke kangaka ngayo? Namhlanje, masiyiqonde yonke le nto ngokulula, ngokungathi sithetha nomhlobo.

Yintoni kanye kanye i-cholesterol?

Ngamafutshane, i-cholesterol yinto efana ne-wax, enamafutha eveliswa ngokwemvelo emizimbeni yethu. Yenziwa kakhulu sisibindi sethu. Sifumana i-cholesterol nakwezinye zokutya esikutyayo. Enyanisweni, i-cholesterol ibalulekile ekusebenzeni kakuhle komzimba.

Cinga ngemizimba yethu njengendlu. I-cholesterol ifana nodaka olukhethekileyo olusetyenziselwa ukwakha iindonga zale ndlu. Yonke iseli emzimbeni wethu ine-cholesterol kwiinwebu zayo, kuquka iiseli ezikwingqondo yethu, imithambo-luvo, izihlunu, ulusu, isibindi, amathumbu, kwanentliziyo. Ngoko ke, i-cholesterol ibalulekile emzimbeni.

Kutheni ke ngoko sifanele soyike kangaka i-cholesterol?

Ingxaki iqala, njengayo nayiphi na enye into, xa i-cholesterol iphezulu kakhulu emzimbeni. Ukuba oko kuyenzeka, usemngciphekweni omkhulu wokufumana izifo ezifana nezifo zentliziyo.

Njengokuba umbhobho wamanzi uvaleka ngumdaka nomhlwa ngokuhamba kwexesha, xa i-cholesterol isanda, iqala ukuqokelelana kwiindonga zemithambo yegazi ethwala igazi iye entliziyweni yethu. Kwizonyango, i-cholesterol iqokelelana kwimithambo yegazi ngale ndlela, into esiyibiza ngokuba yi-atherosclerosis . Xa imithambo yegazi ivaleka ngale ndlela, inani legazi kunye neoksijini efikelela entliziyweni liyancipha. Oku kwandisa umngcipheko weemeko eziyingozi ezifana neentlungu zesifuba, ukuhlaselwa yintliziyo, kunye nokubetha .

Yintoni umahluko phakathi kwe-cholesterol "elungileyo" ne "embi"?

Ukuba ujonga ingxelo ye-cholesterol, uza kubona ukuba kukho iintlobo ezimbini: i-LDL kunye ne-HDL. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqonda umahluko phakathi kwezi zimbini.

• I-LDL (i-Low-Density Lipoprotein) I-Cholesterol: Le yinto esiyibiza ngokuba yi-cholesterol "embi". Njengomntu ochitha ixesha esitratweni, le cholesterol ye-LDL yiyo ehlala eludongeni lwemithambo yegazi ize iyivale. Okukhona inqanaba le-LDL liphezulu, kokukhona umngcipheko wesifo sentliziyo uphezulu.

• I-HDL (i-High-Density Lipoprotein) I-Cholesterol: Le yinto esiyibiza ngokuba yi-cholesterol "elungileyo". Njengelori yenkunkuma, i-HDL cholesterol isusa i-LDL "embi" eqokelele kwimithambo yegazi ize iyibuyisele esibindini. Ngoko ke, xa inqanaba le-HDL liphezulu, kokukhona singcono.

Amanqanaba e-cholesterol afanele abe njani emzimbeni?

Oogqirha bacebisa ukuba inqanaba lakho le-cholesterol lihlale lingaphantsi kwe-200 mg/dL. Kodwa awunakwenza izigqibo ngokusekelwe kwinani elinye kuphela. Kufuneka ujonge yonke into.

• I-LDL ("embi") i-cholesterol: Ngaphantsi kwe-100 mg/dL kulungile kakhulu. Phakathi kwe-130-159 kukho i-borderline high. Ngaphezulu kwe-190 kukho umngcipheko omkhulu wesifo sentliziyo, istroke, kunye nezinye izifo.
• I-cholesterol ye-HDL ("elungileyo"): Okukhona iphezulu koku, kokukhona ingcono. I-60 mg/dL nangaphezulu ilungile kakhulu. Nantoni na engaphantsi kwama-40 iyingozi kwisifo sentliziyo.
• Ii-Triglycerides: Olu lolunye uhlobo lwamafutha egazini. Kungcono ukugcina la mafutha engaphantsi kwe-150 mg/dL. Ukuba angaphezulu kwe-200, unyango lunokufuneka.

Yintoni onokuyenza ukuze wehlise i-cholesterol?

Iindaba ezimnandi zezokuba singenza umgama omde ekulawuleni amanqanaba ethu e-cholesterol ngokwenza utshintsho kwindlela esiphila ngayo. Nazi ezinye zezinto esinokuzenza:

• Ukutya okulungileyo:
• Nciphisa ukutya okunamafutha amaninzi, amafutha kunye ne-cholesterol (umz., inyama ebomvu, iisoseji, ipizza, ibhotolo, ukutya kobisi okunamafutha amaninzi) kangangoko unako.
• Susa ulusu kwizinto ezifana nenkukhu uze ulutye.
• Pheka ukutya ngokukubilisa, ngokukubilisa, ngokugrila, okanye ngokufutha endaweni yokuqhotsa.
• Yongeza iziqhamo ezininzi, imifuno, kunye nemifuno ekutyeni kwakho.
• Xa usitya isonka nerayisi, khetha ezo zenziwe ngeenkozo ezipheleleyo (umz., irayisi yengqolowa epheleleyo, i-urad dal, umgubo we-atta).

• Umthambo:
• Yenza ubuncinci imizuzu engama-30 yokuzilolonga ngosuku okukwenza ubile kwaye kunyuse izinga lokuphefumla kwakho. Izinto ezifana nokuhamba ngokukhawuleza, ukubaleka, ukukhwela ibhayisekile, kunye nokudada zonke zilungile.
• Kubalulekile: Thetha nogqirha wakho ukuze akunike iingcebiso malunga nokuba zeziphi iindlela zokuzilolonga ezifanelekileyo nezikhuselekileyo kuwe.

• Ezinye izinto:
• Ukuba utyebile kakhulu, zama ukunciphisa umzimba .
• Ukuba uyatshaya, yeka ngoko nangoko. Ukutshaya kunciphisa i-cholesterol "elungileyo" ye-HDL kwaye konakalisa imithambo yegazi.
• Ukuba unamayeza owanikwe ngugqirha wakho, wasele kanye njengoko uyalelwe, ngexesha elifanelekileyo, nangomlinganiselo ofanelekileyo.

Ziziphi iipilisi ezisetyenziselwa ukunciphisa i-cholesterol?

Ukuba utshintsho lwendlela yokuphila lodwa alulawuli amanqanaba akho e-cholesterol, ugqirha wakho unokukunika amayeza. Amanye amayeza asetyenziswa kakhulu ngala:

• Iintlobo ze-statins
• I-Ezetimibe
• Izithinteli ze-PCSK9
• Iiresini zeBile-acid
• I-Niacin
• IiFibrates

Uneminyaka emingaphi xa kufuneka uqale ukujonga i-cholesterol yakho?

Ukwanda kwe-cholesterol kwimithambo yegazi (i-atherosclerosis) yinto eyenzekayo kancinci kancinci kwiminyaka emininzi, ngoko ke kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele amanqanaba e-cholesterol yakho usemncinci .

Ngokuqhelekileyo kucetyiswa ukuba uhlolwe i-cholesterol yakho kube kanye phakathi kweminyaka eli-9 neli-11, kwaye kwakhona phakathi kweminyaka eli-17 neli-21. Kububulumko ukuba uhlolwe i-cholesterol yakho kwangethuba, ingakumbi ukuba umntu kusapho lwakho ukhe waba nesifo sentliziyo esemncinci, okanye ukuba unembali yosapho lwakho ye-cholesterol ephezulu .