Ingaba iiseli zakho zegazi ziphantsi? Masithethe nge-cytopenia!

Ngaba ngamanye amaxesha uziva udiniwe kwaye udiniwe? Okanye uhlala ugula? Mhlawumbi oku kungenxa yokuba unenani eliphantsi leentlobo ezithile zeeseli egazini lakho. Kwezonyango, le meko siyibiza ngokuba yi-cytopenia. Ungakhathazeki, masithethe ngayo ngokulula.

Zeziphi iintlobo zeeseli ezisegazini lethu? Kwenzeka ntoni xa zincipha?

Kulungile, masiqale sijonge iintlobo eziphambili zeeseli egazini lethu kunye noko zikwenzayo. Njengokuba iindawo ezahlukeneyo zemoto zidibana ukuze zisebenze, zonke ezi ntlobo zintathu zeeseli zibaluleke kakhulu ekugcineni imizimba yethu isempilweni.

• Iiseli ezibomvu zegazi (ii-Erythrocytes): Ezi ziiseli ezithwala ioksijini emizimbeni yethu yonke. Khawucinge nje, lonke ilungu elincinci lomzimba wethu lifuna amandla ukuze lisebenze. Ioksijini ethwalwa zezi seli ezibomvu zegazi inceda ekunikeni loo mandla.
• Iiseli ezimhlophe zegazi (iiLeukocytes): Ezi zifana nabalindi bokhuseleko bomzimba. Xa iintsholongwane, ezinje ngeebhaktheriya, iintsholongwane, iiparasites, kunye neefungi, zingena emzimbeni, ezi seli zimhlophe ziyalwa nazo kwaye zisikhusele kwizifo. Zizona zinto ziphambili kwinkqubo yethu yokuzikhusela komzimba.
• Iiplatelets (Thrombocytes): Ngaba wakha wazibuza ukuba ukusikwa okuncinci kunokuthintela njani ukopha? Ezi platelets ziyanceda kuloo nto. Xa ukopha kusenzeka, ezi platelets ziyahlangana ukuze zenze ihlwili legazi, zimise ukopha. Ngaphandle koko, sinokulahlekelwa ligazi elininzi nokuba sisilonda esincinci.

Ngoko ke, ngaba kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-cytopenia?

Ewe, ewe. I-Cytopenia ayisosifo esinye. Ihlulwe ngokweentlobo zeeseli ezingenayo egazini lakho.

• I-anemia: Mhlawumbi ukhe weva ngale nto. Yimeko apho kukho iiseli ezibomvu zegazi ezimbalwa. Kwenzeka ntoni ke ngoko? Ubungakanani beoksijini efikelela emzimbeni buyancipha.
• I-Leukopenia: Oku kukwehla kwenani leeseli ezimhlophe zegazi. Khumbula, iiseli ezimhlophe zezona zilwa nezifo. Ngoko ke xa zincipha, sisengozini enkulu yokugula. Esinye isifo esinxulumene noku sibizwa ngokuba yi -neutropenia . Oku kukuncipha kohlobo oluthile lweeseli ezimhlophe zegazi ezibizwa ngokuba yi-neutrophils. Ii-neutrophils zezona zininzi kwiiseli zethu ezimhlophe zegazi.
• I-Thrombocytopenia: Oku kukuncipha kwenani leeplatelet, ezinceda ukujiya kwegazi. Xa ezi ziphantsi, igazi alijiyi kakuhle. Nokuba kukho umkrwelo omncinci onokubangela amabala amakhulu egazi, okanye kunokuba nzima ukuyeka ukopha.
• I-Pancytopenia: Le yimeko embi kakhulu. Oku kwenzeka xa zonke ezi zintathu iiseli ezibomvu, iiseli ezimhlophe, kunye neeplatelets zincipha ngaxeshanye.

Kukho olunye udidi, olusekelwe kwisizathu sale cytopenia:

• I-Autoimmune Cytopenia:Ngamanye amaxesha amajoni ethu omzimba ayaphazamiseka aze aqalise ukuhlasela iiseli zethu zegazi ezisempilweni. Kufana nokuphosa amatye endlwini yethu. Xa oko kusenzeka, iseli enye okanye ezingaphezulu zegazi zinokulahleka.
• I-Refractory Cytopenia: Le yinxalenye yomongo wethu wamathambo eyenza iiseli zegazi. Ifumaneka ngaphakathi kwamanye amathambo amakhulu, njengesiponji. Ngoko ke, eli ligama elinikwa imeko eyenzekayo xa lo mongo wamathambo ungenzi iiseli zegazi ngokuqhelekileyo, oko kukuthi, xa ukuveliswa kweeseli zegazi kuncipha.

Zeziphi iimpawu esizifumanayo xa ezi seli zegazi zincipha?

Umbuzo olungileyo. Kuba ayinguye wonke umntu oneempawu. Abanye abantu basenokungazi nto, kwaye ifunyanwa ngengozi kuphela ngovavanyo lwegazi. Kodwa ukuba bayazi, iimpawu zinokwahluka ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo lweeseli ezinciphileyo, ukuba zinciphile kangakanani, kunye nesizathu esiyintloko.

Makhe sibone ukuba zeziphi iimpawu ezinokusebenza kuhlobo ngalunye:

Iimpawu zeeseli ezibomvu zegazi ezisezantsi (i-anemia):

• Ndiziva ndidiniwe kwaye ndingenabomi ngalo lonke ixesha.
• Ubunzima bokuphefumla (ukuphelelwa ngamandla) kwenzeka xa usenza into enzima, njengokunyuka izinyuko.
• Ukubetha kwentliziyo okungaqhelekanga okanye okukhawulezayo.
• Ulusu luba mhlophe kwaye lubanda .
• Ngamanye amaxesha kunokubakho iintlungu esifubeni .

Iimpawu zeeseli ezimhlophe zegazi ezisezantsi (i-leukopenia/i-neutropenia):

• Ndiziva ndidiniwe nje.
• Umkhuhlane kunye nokubanda .
• Umphimbo obuhlungu (Pharyngitis)
• Izilonda zomlomo .
• Ukukhohlela okunzima.
• Urhudo .
• Ii-lymph nodes ezivuvukileyo.

Iimpawu ze-platelet count ephantsi (thrombocytopenia):

• Inyani yokuba nokuba liqhuma elincinci linokubangela ukuba kubekho amabala egazi emzimbeni .
• Ukopha okungapheliyo xa ufumana inxeba, okanye ukopha okuhlala ixesha elide .
• Ngamanye amaxesha kuvela amachaphaza amancinci abomvu okanye amfusa (i-petechiae) . Oku kukuphuma kwegazi okuncinci phantsi kolusu.

Kutheni iiseli zam zegazi zincipha ngolu hlobo? Zithini izizathu zoku?

Zininzi izizathu zale meko ebizwa ngokuba yi-cytopenia. Ngamafutshane, zimbini izizathu eziphambili. Esinye kukuba kukho ingxaki ngokuveliswa kweeseli zegazi ezivela kumongo wethambo endikhankanyileyo ngaphambili. Okanye, emva kokuba iiseli zegazi ziveliswe kumongo wethambo kwaye zongezwa egazini, ezo seli ziyatshatyalaliswa ngesizathu esithile.

Ezinye zezi zizathu zisenokuba zizinto ezivela kwi-genes. Ezinye zisenokufunyanwa, nto leyo ephuhlisa kamva .

Izizathu ezinokubakho ze-anemia:

I-anemia idla ngokubangelwa kukungabikho kokutya okunempilo.Kuba. Ingakumbi ukunqongophala kwesinyithi `(Iron-deficiency Anemia)` . Izondlo ezifana nesinyithi, i-vitamin B12 `(Vitamin B12)`, kunye ne-folate `(Folate)` zibalulekile kumongo wethu wethambo ukuze senze iiseli ezibomvu zegazi ezisempilweni. Ukuba ezi azanelanga, iiseli ezibomvu zegazi ziya kuncipha. Ukongeza, i-anemia inokubakho ngenxa yokopha (ngenxa yokwenzakala, utyando, njl.njl.) kunye nezifo ezitshabalalisa iiseli ezibomvu zegazi.

• Izifo ezichaphazela umzimba
• Izifo zegazi kunye neengxaki zomongo wethambo
• Umhlaza
• Iimeko zofuzo
• Ukunqongophala kwe-G6PD
• Amanye amayeza
• Ukunqongophala kwesondlo
• Ukukhulelwa
• Ukunqongophala kwe-pyruvate kinase
• Isifo seSickle cell
• I-Thalassemia

Izizathu ezinokubakho zeLeukopenia/Neutropenia:

Unyango lomhlaza, ingakumbi i-chemotherapy kunye ne-radiation, zezona zinto zibangela ukuba iiseli ezimhlophe zegazi zibe sezantsi. Olu nyango lubulala iiseli zomhlaza, kodwa ngenxa yesiphumo esibi, ezinye iiseli ezisempilweni (ezifana neeseli zegazi) nazo zinokutshatyalaliswa.

• Izifo ezichaphazela umzimba
• Iingxaki zegazi kunye neBone Marrow
• Umhlaza
• Unyango lomhlaza
• Iimeko zofuzo
• Iintsholongwane
• Amanye amayeza
• Ukunqongophala kwesondlo

Izizathu ezinokubakho ze-thrombocytopenia:

• Ingxaki yokusebenzisa utywala
• Izifo ezizikhusela ngokwazo emzimbeni, umzekelo , i-Immune Thrombocytopenia
• Iingxaki zegazi kunye nomongo wethambo, ezifana neThrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura (TPP)
• Umhlaza
• Unyango lomhlaza
• Iimeko zofuzo
• Iintsholongwane
• Amayeza athile, umzekelo i-heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT)
• Ukunqongophala kwesondlo
• Ukukhulelwa
• Ukuvezwa kwiikhemikhali ezinobungozi

Kukwakho neentlobo ze-cytopenia apho unobangela ungafumaneki khona:

Ngamanye amaxesha, oogqirha abakwazi ukuchonga unobangela ochanekileyo wokubala okuphantsi kweeseli zegazi. Kwimeko ezinjalo, ezi meko zahlulwe zibe ziindidi ezimbini:

• I-Clonal Cytopenia yoBukhulu obungaqinisekiswanga (CCUS) ibangelwa zezi zinto zilandelayo:Kulapho iiseli ezininzi zegazi zine-genetic mutation efanayo kwi-DNA yazo. Umntu one-CCUS usengozini enkulu yokuhlaselwa zizifo ezithile zegazi kunye nesifo sentliziyo.
• I-Idiopathic Cytopenia yoBukhulu obungaqinisekiswanga (ICUS): Kule nto, akukho tshintsho lwemfuza olunjalo olufumanekayo kwi-DNA yeeseli zegazi.

Oogqirha bayixilonga njani le meko ye-cytopenia? Zeziphi iimvavanyo ezenziwayo?

Oku kudla ngokufumaneka ukuba uneempawu, okanye xa uvavanywa igazi ngesizathu esithile. Uvavanyo oluphambili lubizwa ngokuba yi-complete blood count (CBC) . Olu luvavanyo lwegazi oluqhelekileyo. Lunika ugqirha wakho umfanekiso ocacileyo wokuba zingaphi iiseli ezibomvu, iiseli ezimhlophe, kunye neeplatelets onazo, kunye nokuba kukho naluphi na utshintsho kuhlobo lwazo. Lunokunika nezikhokelo malunga nezinye izifo.

Ukuba i-CBC ibonisa ukubala iiseli zegazi ezisezantsi, ugqirha uya kuzama ukufumanisa ukuba kutheni inani eliphantsi liphantsi kangaka. Unokwenza olunye uvavanyo ukuze afumanise oko.

Ziziphi iimvavanyo ezongezelelweyo ezenziwayo ukuze kufunyanwe unobangela?

• Ukutshiza igazi okujikeleze igazi: Oku kuquka ukuthatha isampuli encinci yegazi lakho, uyibeke kwisilayidi seglasi, uze uyijonge phantsi kwe-microscope. Imilo kunye nenkangeleko yeeseli zinokukunika izikhokelo zokuba yintoni ebangela le ngxaki.
• Ukuphefumla kunye neBiopsy yeBone Marrow: Olu luvavanyo oluntsonkothileyo kancinci. Kolu vavanyo, ugqirha uthatha isampuli encinci yomongo aze awujonge iiseli ezingaqhelekanga. Olu vavanyo lubalulekile ekuxilongeni izifo ezinzulu ezifana nomhlaza okanye ezinye iimeko ezichaphazela igazi kunye nomongo.

Ukongeza koku, kunokwenziwa ezinye iimvavanyo ezahlukeneyo zelebhu ukuze kufunyanwe unobangela ochanekileyo.

Kulungile, ngoku zeziphi iindlela zonyango zale meko ye-cytopenia?

Unyango luxhomekeke ekubeni imeko yakho imbi kangakanani na, nokuba uneempawu na, kunye nokuba yintoni unobangela oyintloko. Kwezinye iimeko ezincinci, oko kuthetha ukuba akukho sizathu singundoqo kwaye akukho zimpawu, akukho nyango lunokufuneka .

Nangona kunjalo, ukuba kufuneka unyango, ludla ngokwenziwa ukuze kunyangwe imeko ebangela ukuba kubekho inani eliphantsi leeseli zegazi. Umzekelo, ukuba kungenxa yokunqongophala kwesondlo, ugqirha wakho angakuxelela ukuba wenze utshintsho kwindlela otya ngayo okanye uthathe izongezo zesondlo. Ukuba inani eliphantsi leeseli zegazi libangelwa lusulelo, unokunikwa amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane .

Kwezinye iimeko ezinzima, unyango oluya kunyusa ngokuthe ngqo inani leeseli zegazi lunokufuneka. Ezi ziquka:

• I-Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor (G-CSF):La ngamayeza. Asebenza ngokwandisa ii-neutrophils zakho, uhlobo lweeseli ezimhlophe zegazi. I-G-CSF idla ngokunikwa abantu abafumana i-chemotherapy ukuthintela i-neutropenia.
• Utofelo-gazi: Ukuba umzimba wakho awukwazi ukuzenzela iiseli zawo zegazi, unokufuna utofelo-gazi komnye umntu.
• Ukufakelwa kweBone Marrow okanye iStem Cell: Oku kuquka ukususa iiseli zegazi ezingaqhelekanga nezingavuthwanga kumongo wakho wethambo uze uzifake endaweni yazo iiseli eziphilileyo. Ezi seli kamva ziya kuba ziiseli zegazi ezivuthiweyo zize zibuyele egazini lakho.
• Utyando lwe-Splenectomy: Olu lutyando lokususa i-spleen yakho . Ngamanye amaxesha i-spleen inokubamba iiseli zegazi ize izisuse egazini. Olu tyando lunokuba yimfuneko kwiimeko ezinjalo.

Ngaba kukho into esinokuyenza ukuthintela le cytopenia ukuba ingaphuhli?

Enyanisweni, ezinye izizathu, umzekelo, izifo ezibangelwa kukuzikhusela komzimba, izifo zegazi kunye nomongo wamathambo, kunye nomhlaza, kunzima ukuba sizithintele. Zizinto ezenzeka ngaphaya kwamandla ethu.

Nangona kunjalo, singawunciphisa umngcipheko wokufumana ezinye iintlobo ze-cytopenia ngokuqinisekisa ukuba imizimba yethu ifumana izondlo ezifunekayo ukuze yenze iiseli ezibomvu zegazi ezisempilweni. Umzekelo, ukufumana i-iron eyaneleyo ekutyeni kwakho kunokunceda ekuthinteleni i-anemia yokunqongophala kwe-iron .

Kubalulekile nokunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kotywala , njengoko utywala bunokuphazamisana nokukwazi komzimba ukufunxa izondlo. Oku kunokubangela ukuncipha kweeseli zegazi. Nje ukuba ukusela utywala kuyeke, ezi ngxaki zegazi zinokubuyela esiqhelweni.

Ngoko ke, yintoni ingqikelelo yokuchacha kule meko? (Ingqikelelo)

Ingqikelelo yakho, okanye umbono wakho, ixhomekeke ngokupheleleyo kwisizathu sokuba inani leeseli zakho zegazi liphantsi. Umzekelo, ukuba i-anemia ibangelwa kukungabikho kwesondlo, inokunyangeka ngokupheleleyo ukuba inyangwa ngokufanelekileyo nangokutya okufanelekileyo. Ukuba inani leeseli zakho ezimhlophe zegazi liphantsi ngenxa yebhaktheriya okanye intsholongwane, ukunyanga usulelo kunokunceda inani leeseli zakho ezimhlophe zegazi libuyele kwisiqhelo.

Nangona kunjalo, ukuba i-cytopenia ibangelwa yimeko yemfuza, isifo segazi okanye somongo wethambo, okanye umhlaza, kunokufuna unyango olunzima ngakumbi . Ugqirha wakho unokufuna ukujonga inani leeseli zakho zegazi aze enze uvavanyo rhoqo ukuqinisekisa ukuba uhlala usempilweni.

Ngoko ke, kungcono ukubuza ugqirha wakho ukuba angakanani amathuba okuchacha kwimeko yakho.

Yeyiphi imibuzo ebalulekileyo omele uyibuze ugqirha wakho?

Xa ufumanisa ukuba unale meko, kuyinto eqhelekileyo ukuba nemibuzo emininzi. Musa ukoyika. Buza ugqirha wakho ngale nto ngokucacileyo:

• "Luhlobo luni lwe-cytopenia endinalo?"
• "Yintoni ebangela ukuba inani lam leeseli zegazi libe liphantsi?"
• "Zeziphi iindlela zonyango endinazo?"
• "Zithini iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zezi ndlela zonyango?"
• "Kuza kuthatha ixesha elingakanani ukuba inani leeseli zegazi lam libuyele esiqhelweni?"
• "Kuza kufuneka ndifumane unyango ixesha elingakanani? Kufuneka ndize kangaphi ukuze ndivavanywe?"
• "Ngaba imeko yam inganyangeka ngokupheleleyo?"

Ngaba i-cytopenia yi-anemia ngokwenene?

Le yindawo apho abantu abaninzi badideka khona. I-anemia lolunye uhlobo lwemeko phantsi kwegama elibanzi elithi cytopenia . I-anemia kukuncipha kwenani leeseli ezibomvu zegazi (ii-erythrocytes). Ingabangelwa kukuncipha kweproteni ye-hemoglobin kwiiseli ezibomvu zegazi. Le hemoglobin yiyo enceda ekuthwaleni ioksijini.

I-Cytopenia ligama eliqhelekileyo lokuncipha kweseli enye okanye ezingaphezulu zegazi . Liquka i-anemia (ukuncipha kweeseli ezibomvu zegazi), i-leukopenia (ukuncipha kweeseli ezimhlophe zegazi), i-neutropenia (ukuncipha kwee-neutrophils), i-thrombocytopenia (ukuncipha kweeplatelets), kunye ne-pancytopenia (ukuncipha kuzo zonke ezi seli).

Ngoko ke, ukuba ufumanisa ukuba unezinga eliphantsi leseli enye okanye ezingaphezulu zegazi lakho, thetha nogqirha wakho ngaphambi kokuba uphakuzele. Ngokuxhomekeke kwisizathu, usenokufuna unyango okanye ungaludingi. Ugqirha wakho ngumntu ongcono ukukunika ingcebiso ngale nto.

Okokugqibela, ezinye izinto ezibalulekileyo ekufuneka uzikhumbule

Kulungile, sithethe kakhulu nge-cytopenia ngoku. Nazi izinto ezibalulekileyo ekufuneka uzikhumbule:

• I-Cytopenia kukuncipha kwenani leseli enye okanye ezingaphezulu ezibomvu, iiseli ezimhlophe, okanye iiplatelets egazini lakho.
• Zininzi izizathu zoku; ukusuka ekusweleni kokutya, ukuya kwiintsholongwane, iimeko zemfuza, umhlaza, kwanamayeza athile.
• Iimpawu azifiki kuye wonke umntu ngendlela efanayo . Abanye abantu basenokungabi nazo kwaphela iimpawu. Ukudinwa, ukugula rhoqo, kunye nokukrweleka okulula ziqhelekile.
• Uvavanyo lwegazi olulula (CBC) lunokukufumanisa oku. Emva koko, kunokwenziwa olunye uvavanyo ukuze kufunyanwe unobangela.
• Unyango luxhomekeke kwisizathu kunye nobunzima bemeko. Ngamanye amaxesha akukho nyango lufunekayo, ngamanye amaxesha unobangela oyintloko uyanyangwa, kwaye kwiimeko ezinzima, kukho unyango olukhethekileyo olunyusa inani leeseli zegazi.
• Ezinye iintlobo ze-cytopenia zinokuthintelwa , ingakumbi ngokutya ukutya okunesondlo kunye nokunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kotywala.
• Ukuba unemibuzo okanye amathandabuzo malunga noku, ngokuqinisekileyo thetha nogqirha wakho . Musa ukoyika okanye wenze izigqibo ngokwakho.

Khumbula, eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukwazi ezi meko ukuze sikwazi ukufumana iingcebiso zonyango ngokukhawuleza size siphile ubomi obusempilweni.

i- cytopenia, iiseli zegazi, i-anemia, i-leukopenia, i-thrombocytopenia, umongo wethambo, uvavanyo lwegazi