Ngaba umntwana wakho akawuthandi ngokwenene umsebenzi wesikolo? Ngaba uyadinwa xa umnika umsebenzi wesikolo, okanye uyayeka aze aphulukane nawo ngaphandle kwesizathu? Ngaba usala emva kwabanye abantwana eklasini? Ixesha elininzi, njengabazali, sicinga ukuba umntwana ukwenza oku ngenxa yokudinwa okanye ukwenza izinto ezimbi. Kodwa oko akusoloko kunjalo. Mhlawumbi isizathu soku kukukhubazeka kokufunda esingaziyo. Ukukwazi oku kubaluleke kakhulu kwikamva lomntwana.
Yintoni ingxaki yokufunda?
Ngamafutshane, ingxaki yokufunda yingxaki kwindlela umntu afumana, aqonda, kwaye aqhuba ngayo ulwazi. Ayibangelwa sisifo sengqondo okanye ingqondo yomntwana.
Khumbula le nto ibaluleke kakhulu: Ukuba nengxaki yokufunda akuthethi ukuba umntwana wakho "usisidenge" okanye "ulivila. " Enyanisweni, aba bantwana banokuba krelekrele kakhulu. Kuphela nje indlela ababona, abava, nabaqonda ngayo izinto yahlukile kancinci kwabanye.
Njengokuba abanye abantu bengenakubona ngokucacileyo ngaphandle kweeglasi, aba bantwana bakwadinga uncedo oluncinci ngeengqondo zabo ukuze basebenzise ulwazi. Oku kungenza izinto ezinje ngokunika ingqalelo eklasini okanye ukufundela uviwo zibe ngumceli mngeni omkhulu kubo.
Kwakhona, iimeko ezifana ne-Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) kunye ne-Autism Spectrum Disorders zahlukile kwi-learning disability. Nangona kunjalo, ngamanye amaxesha umntwana unokuba nenye okanye ngaphezulu kwezi meko kunye.
Ziziphi iintlobo eziphambili zokukhubazeka kokufunda?
Ukukhubazeka ekufundeni kunokuza ngeendlela ezininzi. Oku kuthetha ukuba kuchaphazela umntwana ngamnye ngokwahlukileyo. Makhe sijonge ezinye zezona ntlobo ziphambili. Ukuqonda ezi zinto kuya kukunceda ufumane umbono ongcono wokuziphatha komntwana wakho.
| Igama lobuthathaka | Indlela echaphazela ngayo | Imizekelo esinokuyibona eSri Lanka |
|---|---|---|
| I-Dyspraxia | Ichaphazela iintshukumo zomzimba kunye nokulungelelaniswa kwazo (izakhono zokunyakaza). | Uhlala ezingquba, ewisa izinto phantsi. Unengxaki yokuqhobosha ihempe yakhe yesikolo, ukubopha imitya yezihlangu, ukutya ngecephe. Unengxaki yokubhala nokuchwetheza. |
| I-Dyslexia | Ulwimi, ingakumbi ukufunda nokubhala, luyachaphazeleka. | Udida oonobumba xa efunda (umz. 'pa' kunye no-'da', 'va' kunye no-'cha'). Uyawaphepha amagama, akathandi ukufunda ngokuvakalayo. Unengxaki yokuqonda intsingiselo yoko kufundwayo. Unengxaki yokufaka oko kusengqondweni yakhe ngamazwi xa ethetha. |
| I-Dysgraphia | Ichaphazela ubuchule bokubhala. | Umbhalo wesandla ungcolile kakhulu kwaye kunzima ukuwufunda. Ubungakanani kunye nemilo yoonobumba akufani. Kukho iimpazamo zopelo ezixhaphakileyo. Kunzima kakhulu ukufaka ingcamango engqondweni yakho ephepheni. |
| I-Dyscalculia | Ichaphazela izakhono zezibalo. | Ubunzima bokubona nokubala amanani. Ubunzima bokwenza ukongeza nokuthabatha okulula. Ubunzima bokuxela ixesha, ukuphatha imali, nokukhumbula iitafile zokuphindaphinda. |
| Ingxaki Yokucubungula Ukuziva | Yingxaki yokuba ingqondo iqonde izandi eziviwa yindlebe (ayiyo ingxaki yokuva). | Kubonakala ngathi abaqondi ukuba kuthethwa ntoni. Abayiva into ethethwayo kwiindawo ezinengxolo. Banobunzima bokulandela imiyalelo. Bayawabhidanisa amagama avakala efana (umz., 'wenza' kunye 'wenza'). |
| Ingxaki yokuCwangcisa okuBonakalayo | Yingxaki ngengqondo ukuqonda oko iliso likubonayo (hayi ingxaki yokubona). | Akakwazi ukubona umahluko phakathi kwemifanekiso emibini efanayo. Udida oonobumba kunye neemilo. Unengxaki yokusebenzisana kwesandla neliso (umz., ukubamba ibhola). |
Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo ezibonisa ukukhubazeka kokufunda
Kunokuba nzima ukuchonga ingxaki yokufunda kuba akukho luhlu lweempawu ezihambelana nazo zonke kumntwana ngamnye. Kwaye abantwana abaninzi bazama ukufihla ukukhubazeka kwabo. Ngamanye amaxesha okubonayo kukuba bakhalaza ngomsebenzi wesikolo okanye abafuni ukuya esikolweni.
Nangona kunjalo, xhalaba ukuba ezi mpawu zilandelayo ziyaqhubeka:
- Ukungabikho kwesidingo nomdla wokufunda nokubhala iincwadi.
- Ubunzima bokukhumbula izinto.
- Wenza nawuphi na umsebenzi kakuhle kakhulu.
- Ubunzima bokulandela imiyalelo.
- Ukungakwazi ukunikela ingqalelo rhoqo.
- Ubunzima bokuqonda iingcamango ezingacacanga.
- Ukuba uqaphela ukunqongophala kwezakhono zentlalo kwindlela osebenzisana ngayo nabahlobo.
- Ukuziphatha okuphazamisayo ngokungeyomfuneko eklasini.
Into ebalulekileyo kukungacingi ukuba umntwana unengxaki yokufunda kuba nje enempawu enye okanye ezimbini kwezi. Kodwa ukuba ezinye zezi mpawu ziqhubeka kangangeenyanga, kubalulekile ukuphanda.
Ifunyanwa njani le meko ngokuchanekileyo?
Le ayiyonto inokubonwa ngovavanyo lwegazi. Le yinkqubo ende kancinci.
1. Inyathelo 1: Ukuba unamathandabuzo, qala uthethe notitshala weklasi yomntwana wakho. Utitshala unombono ongcono wendlela umntwana wakho aza kuziphatha ngayo eklasini.
2. Inyathelo lesi-2: Okulandelayo, dibana nogqirha wosapho lwakho (ugqirha) ukuze nixoxe ngale nto. Ugqirha uza kujonga ukukhula nempilo yomntwana.
3. Uncedo lweengcali: Rhoqo, ugqirha uza kukuthumela kubantu abanolwazi kweli candelo. Aba bantu banokwahluka ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo lwengxaki yomntwana. Umzekelo:
- Ingcali yezengqondo yezonyango: Ihlola ubukrelekrele bomntwana, iimvakalelo zakhe, kunye neendlela zakhe zokuziphatha.
- Ingcali yoNyango lomsebenzi: Inceda kwiingxaki zomzimba ezibuthathaka ezifana nokubhala nokucinezela amaqhosha.
- Ingcali yoThetha ngeNtetho noLwimi: Inceda kwiingxaki zokuthetha nokuqonda ulwimi.
Aba bantu basebenzisa iimvavanyo ezahlukeneyo kunye novavanyo ukuze babone ukuba yintoni kanye kanye ingxaki ngomntwana wakho. Le nkqubo ingathatha ixesha, nto leyo enokukukhathaza njengomzali. Kodwa ukufumana uxilongo oluchanekileyo yeyona ndlela ilungileyo yokunceda umntwana wakho.
Izinto onokuzenza njengomzali
Kuqhelekile ukuziva uxinezelekile kwaye wothukile xa ufumanisa ukuba umntwana wakho unengxaki yokufunda. Kodwa khumbula, awuwedwa. Ngenkxaso efanelekileyo, aba bantwana banamathuba amaninzi okuphumelela.
1. Yazi kakuhle imeko yomntwana.
Fumanisa kangangoko unako malunga nokukhubazeka komntwana wakho kunye nendlela okuchaphazela ngayo ukufunda kwakhe. Fumanisa ngeendlela kunye nonyango olunokunceda. Emva koko unokuba negalelo ekukhetheni okona kulungele umntwana wakho.
2. Yiba ngamandla amakhulu omntwana wakho.
Ungoyena mandla makhulu omntwana wakho. Thetha nootitshala besikolo uze uzame ukuphuhlisa isicwangciso semfundo ekhethekileyo esinokunceda umntwana wakho. Kumazwe angaphandle, oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-"IEP - Individualized Education Program". Kwinkqubo yesikolo yaseSri Lanka, ungasebenza nootitshala ukuxoxa ngendlela eya kunceda ukuphuhlisa amandla omntwana kunye nokoyisa ubuthathaka bakhe.
3. Faka imikhwa emihle yempilo kumntwana wakho
Ukulala ngokwaneleyo, ukutya ukutya okunesondlo, kunye nokwenza umthambo rhoqo kubalulekile kwimpilo yomzimba nengqondo yomntwana. Ezi zinto zikwanceda ekuphuculeni ingqalelo yomntwana kunye nobuchule bokufunda.
4. Nika ingqalelo kwimpilo yengqondo yomntwana wakho
Ukukhubazeka kokufunda kunokubangela ukuzithemba komntwana. Banokucinga izinto ezifana nokuthi “Andinakukwazi” kunye nokuthi “Ndingumntu osisidenge.” Ngoko ke lumka ngendlela umntwana wakho avakalelwa ngayo. Ukuba uhlala edakumbile, elala okanye enomdla wokutya, okanye akasazonwabeli izinto awayezithanda ngaphambili, qaphela oku kwaye uthethe nogqirha ukuba kuyimfuneko.
Khumbula, uthando lwakho kunye nenkxaso yakho zezona pilisi zibalaseleyo umntwana anokuzifumana.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Ukukhubazeka kokufunda akukokuswela ingqondo okanye ubuvila. Ngumahluko nje kwindlela ingqondo ecubungula ngayo ulwazi.
- Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo, ezifana ne-dyslexia (ubunzima bokufunda) kunye ne-dyscalculia (iingxaki zezibalo). Indlela echaphazela ngayo umntwana ngamnye yahlukile.
- Ukuba umntwana wakho akathandi ngendlela engaqhelekanga ukwenza umsebenzi wesikolo, unengxaki yokukhumbula izinto, okanye uqhubeka ebonakalisa iingxaki zokufunda nokubhala, mnike ingqalelo loo nto.
- Ukuba unamathandabuzo, qala uthethe notitshala womntwana wakho kunye nogqirha wosapho. Baya kukwazi ukukubonisa indlela elungileyo.
- Ukuba baxilongiwe ngendlela efanelekileyo, banyangwe, kwaye baxhaswe nguwe, aba bantwana banokoyisa naluphi na ucelomngeni. Uthando lwakho kunye nenkuthazo yakho zibaluleke kakhulu kubo.
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