Ngaba umntwana wakho akanakukwazi ukuhlala kwindawo enye? Okanye ngaba ukufumanisa kunzima kakhulu ukugxila kwinto ethile? Xa ubona ezi mpawu, abantu abaninzi bacinga ukuba oku kusenokuba yi-ADHD ( Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder ). Yinyani, ezi zezona mpawu ziphambili ze-ADHD. Kodwa unobangela awusoloko ufana. Ngamanye amaxesha, kunokubakho ezinye iingxaki zempilo ezininzi ezibonisa iimpawu ezifana kakhulu ne-ADHD, okanye ezenzeka kunye ne-ADHD. Yiyo loo nto kubalulekile ukuba kwenziwe uvavanyo olupheleleyo lwezonyango ukuze kufunyaniswe ukuba kwenzeka ntoni kanye kanye. Namhlanje, siza kuthetha ngale nto nzulu kancinci.
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Ziziphi ezinye iimeko ezisikhohlisayo ukuze sicinge ukuba ziyi-ADHD?
Xa umntu ekrokrela ukuba unokuba neempawu ze-ADHD, kubalulekile ukufumana uvavanyo olupheleleyo lwezonyango, kuquka novavanyo lomzimba, ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuba unobangela yi-ADHD okanye enye into. Zininzi ezinye iimeko ezinokubangela ukuziphatha okufana ne-ADHD.
Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukubona ugqirha ofanelekileyo, ungazami ukuzixilonga ngokujonga kwi-intanethi.
Makhe sijonge le theyibhile ingezantsi ukuze sibone ukuba zeziphi iimeko ezibonakala ngathi yi-ADHD kodwa ezingafaniyo nazo.
| Imeko/Isizathu | Ibonakala njani loo nto njenge-ADHD? |
|---|---|
| Utshintsho olukhawulezileyo ebomini (umz., isiganeko esibuhlungu, uqhawulo-mtshato, ukufa kusapho) | Uxinzelelo olukhulu kunye nosizi olubangelwa zezi zinto lunokubangela ukungagxili kakuhle engqondweni, ukungazinzi, kunye nokuxhalaba. Oku kufana neempawu ze-ADHD. |
| Ukuxhuzula okungafunyaniswanga | Kwezinye iintlobo zesifo sokuwa (umz., ukuxhuzula ngaphandle), umntu ubonakala elele imizuzwana embalwa. Babonakala bengacacanga kwaye bekwihlabathi lamaphupha. |
| Iingxaki ze-thyroid | Xa i-thyroid gland isebenza kakhulu (i-Hyperthyroidism), isantya sentliziyo siyanda, uzive ungaphumli, kwaye kuba nzima ukuhlala kwindawo enye. Oku kufana neempawu ze-ADHD ezisebenza kakhulu. |
| Ubuthi belothe | Ilothe, ingakumbi ebantwaneni, inokuchaphazela uphuhliso lwengqondo kwaye ibangele ukukhubazeka kokufunda, ukungakwazi ukunikela ingqalelo, kunye neengxaki zokuziphatha. |
| Iingxaki zokulala | Khawucinge nje, ubuya kuziva njani ukuba ubungalali kakuhle iintsuku ezimbini okanye ezintathu? Awukwazi ukugxila, uyacaphuka, uzive udiniwe kakhulu. Ukungalali kakuhle kunokubangela ukungakhathali, nto leyo eluphawu oluphambili lwe-ADHD. |
| Ixhala kunye noxinzelelo | Xa uhlala uxhalabile kwaye uxhalabile ), kunzima ukugxila engqondweni yakho. Ngokufanayo, xa ungonwabanga kwaye ungenamdla kwinto ethile (uxinzelelo), kunzima nokugxila emsebenzini. Zombini ezi zinto zinokudidaniswa neempawu zokungakhathali ze-ADHD. |
| Ukukhubazeka kokufunda | Umntwana onengxaki yokufunda okanye yokubhala (njenge-dyslexia) usenokucaphuka aze aphazamiseke eklasini kuba engakwazi ukwenza umsebenzi wakhe wesikolo. Oku kunokuphambaniswa ne-ADHD. |
| Ukusetyenziswa kweziyobisi okanye utywala | Ukusetyenziswa kweziyobisi notywala kuchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo iindawo zengqondo ezilawula ingqalelo kunye neemvakalelo, kwaye iimpawu zinokufana kakhulu ne-ADHD. |
Iimeko ezikhoyo kunye ne-ADHD
Ngoku sithethe ngeemeko ezinokubhidaniswa ne-ADHD. Kodwa ngamanye amaxesha, umntu unokuba ne-ADHD aze abe nenye okanye ezinye iimeko ngaxeshanye. Ezi sizibiza ngokuba ziimeko ezikhoyo kunye. Enyanisweni, izifundo zifumanise ukuba phantse ama-75% abantu abadala abane-ADHD banenye imeko eyenza kube nzima ukuxilongwa nokulawulwa kwe-ADHD.
Ezi meko zinokwahluka phakathi kwabantwana nabantu abadala.
| Isigulo | Indlela eqheleke ngayo kakhulu |
|---|---|
| Phakathi kwabantu abadala abane- ADHD | |
| Iingxaki zeemvakalelo | Iimeko ezinje ngokudakumba kunye nesifo sengqondo esibizwa ngokuba yi-bipolar disorder zichaphazela phakathi kwe-19% kunye ne-37% yabantu abadala abane-ADHD. |
| Ixhala | Phakathi kwama-25% nama-50% abantu abadala abane-ADHD banengxaki yokuxhalaba. |
| Ukuxhomekeka kutywala | Kufunyenwe ukuba phakathi kwama-32% nama-53% abantu abadala abane-ADHD bayisebenzisa kakubi i-alcohol. |
| Ukusetyenziswa kwezinye iziyobisi | Ukusetyenziswa kweziyobisi ezifana ne-marijuana kunye ne-cocaine kuphakathi kwe-8% kunye ne-32%. |
| Phakathi kwabantwana abane-ADHD | |
| Ukukhubazeka kokufunda | Ubunzima esikolweni buqhelekile. Uphando lubonisa ukuba umntwana omnye kwabahlanu unengxaki yokufunda. |
| Iingxaki zokuziphatha (Indlela yokuziphatha/Ingxaki yokungavumi ukuchasana) | Oku kuthetha ukuba ukuziphatha okwaphula imithetho, okuhlukumeza abanye, okunobundlobongela, okanye okunolwaphulo-mthetho. Ezi ziqhelekile kwi-ADHD. |
| Ukudakumba kunye noxinzelelo | Ezi meko zixhaphakile kubantu abadala nakubantwana ngokufanayo. Zinokwandiswa ziingxaki zomsebenzi wesikolo kunye nobuhlobo. |
| Iingxaki noontanga | Kufunyenwe ukuba ama-21% abantwana abane-ADHD banendlela yokuziphatha ephazamisa ubuhlobo (xa kuthelekiswa nama-2% kuphela abantwana abangenayo i-ADHD). Oku kubabeka emngciphekweni omkhulu wokufumana uxinzelelo, ixhala, ukusetyenziswa gwenxa kweziyobisi, kunye nokwaluphala njengoko bekhula. |
Ngoko ke simele senze ntoni?
Emva kokufunda konke oku, mhlawumbi uyaqonda ukuba ukuba umntu uthi, "Andikhathali, ndingumntu ongcolileyo," akuthethi ukuba yi-ADHD. Kwakhona, ukuba une-ADHD, ngoku uyazi ukuba kunokubakho ezinye iingxaki kunye nayo.
Ngoko ke, ukuba ukrokrela ukuba wena okanye umntwana wakho une-ADHD, nceda ungazenzi izigqibo wedwa. Eyona nto ilungileyo nekhuselekileyo onokuyenza kukubona ugqirha ofanelekileyo, ngakumbi ugqirha wabantwana okanye ugqirha wengqondo , ukuze ahlolwe ngokupheleleyo. Kulapho ke kuphela apho unokwazi khona ukuba yintoni kanye kanye imbangela yezi mpawu, nokuba yi-ADHD yodwa okanye yenye imeko, kwaye uqale isicwangciso sonyango esifanelekileyo kuwe okanye kumntwana wakho.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Iimpawu ezifana ne-ADHD zinokubangelwa nazizinye iingxaki ezininzi zempilo, ezifana neengxaki zokulala, isifo se-thyroid, kunye noxinzelelo.
- Abantu abaninzi abane-ADHD (abantwana kunye nabantu abadala) banamathuba amaninzi okuba nesinye isifo, esifana nokuxhalaba, ukudakumba , okanye ukukhubazeka kokufunda.
- Musa ukuzixilonga ngokusekelwe koko ukufundileyo kwi-intanethi okanye kumarhe. Ukuba ufumana iimpawu ze-ADHD, qiniseka ukuba ucela ingcebiso kugqirha.
- Ukuxilongwa ngokuchanekileyo yindlela ekuphela kwayo yokufumanisa isicwangciso sonyango esifanelekileyo nesifanelekileyo kuwe okanye kumntwana wakho.
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