Ngaba umntwana wakho akanakukwazi ukuhlala kwindawo enye? Okanye ngaba ukufumanisa kunzima kakhulu ukugxila kwinto ethile? Xa ubona ezi mpawu, abantu abaninzi bacinga ukuba oku kusenokuba yi-ADHD ( Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder ). Yinyani, ezi zezona mpawu ziphambili ze-ADHD. Kodwa unobangela awusoloko ufana. Ngamanye amaxesha, kunokubakho ezinye iingxaki zempilo ezininzi ezibonisa iimpawu ezifana kakhulu ne-ADHD, okanye ezenzeka kunye ne-ADHD. Yiyo loo nto kubalulekile ukuba kwenziwe uvavanyo olupheleleyo lwezonyango ukuze kufunyaniswe ukuba kwenzeka ntoni kanye kanye. Namhlanje, siza kuthetha ngale nto nzulu kancinci.
Ziziphi ezinye iimeko ezisikhohlisayo ukuze sicinge ukuba ziyi-ADHD?
Xa umntu ekrokrela ukuba unokuba neempawu ze-ADHD, kubalulekile ukufumana uvavanyo olupheleleyo lwezonyango, kuquka novavanyo lomzimba, ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuba unobangela yi-ADHD okanye enye into. Zininzi ezinye iimeko ezinokubangela ukuziphatha okufana ne-ADHD.
Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukubona ugqirha ofanelekileyo, ungazami ukuzixilonga ngokujonga kwi-intanethi.
Makhe sijonge le theyibhile ingezantsi ukuze sibone ukuba zeziphi iimeko ezibonakala ngathi yi-ADHD kodwa ezingafaniyo nazo.
| Imeko/Isizathu | Ibonakala njani loo nto njenge-ADHD? |
|---|---|
| Utshintsho olukhawulezileyo ebomini (umz., isiganeko esibuhlungu, uqhawulo-mtshato, ukufa kusapho) | Uxinzelelo olukhulu kunye nosizi olubangelwa zezi zinto lunokubangela ukungagxili kakuhle engqondweni, ukungazinzi, kunye nokuxhalaba. Oku kufana neempawu ze-ADHD. |
| Ukuxhuzula okungafunyaniswanga | Kwezinye iintlobo zesifo sokuwa (umz., ukuxhuzula ngaphandle), umntu ubonakala elele imizuzwana embalwa. Babonakala bengacacanga kwaye bekwihlabathi lamaphupha. |
| Iingxaki ze-thyroid | Xa i-thyroid gland isebenza kakhulu (i-Hyperthyroidism), isantya sentliziyo siyanda, uzive ungaphumli, kwaye kuba nzima ukuhlala kwindawo enye. Oku kufana neempawu ze-ADHD ezisebenza kakhulu. |
| Ubuthi belothe | Ilothe, ingakumbi ebantwaneni, inokuchaphazela uphuhliso lwengqondo kwaye ibangele ukukhubazeka kokufunda, ukungakwazi ukunikela ingqalelo, kunye neengxaki zokuziphatha. |
| Iingxaki zokulala | Khawucinge nje, ubuya kuziva njani ukuba ubungalali kakuhle iintsuku ezimbini okanye ezintathu? Awukwazi ukugxila, uyacaphuka, uzive udiniwe kakhulu. Ukungalali kakuhle kunokubangela ukungakhathali, nto leyo eluphawu oluphambili lwe-ADHD. |
| Ixhala kunye noxinzelelo | Xa uhlala uxhalabile kwaye uxhalabile (uxhalabile), kunzima ukugxila engqondweni yakho. Ngokufanayo, xa ungonwabanga kwaye ungenamdla kwinto ethile (uxinzelelo), kunzima nokugxila emsebenzini. Zombini ezi zinto zinokudidaniswa neempawu zokungakhathali ze-ADHD. |
| Ukukhubazeka kokufunda | Umntwana onengxaki yokufunda okanye yokubhala (njenge-dyslexia) usenokucaphuka aze aphazamiseke eklasini kuba engakwazi ukwenza umsebenzi wakhe wesikolo. Oku kunokuphambaniswa ne-ADHD. |
| Ukusetyenziswa kweziyobisi okanye utywala | Ukusetyenziswa kweziyobisi notywala kuchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo iindawo zengqondo ezilawula ingqalelo kunye neemvakalelo, kwaye iimpawu zinokufana kakhulu ne-ADHD. |
Iimeko ezikhoyo kunye ne-ADHD
Ngoku sithethe ngeemeko ezinokubhidaniswa ne-ADHD. Kodwa ngamanye amaxesha, umntu unokuba ne-ADHD aze abe nenye okanye ezinye iimeko ngaxeshanye. Ezi sizibiza ngokuba ziimeko ezikhoyo kunye. Enyanisweni, izifundo zifumanise ukuba phantse ama-75% abantu abadala abane-ADHD banenye imeko eyenza kube nzima ukuxilongwa nokulawulwa kwe-ADHD.
Ezi meko zinokwahluka phakathi kwabantwana nabantu abadala.
| Isigulo | Indlela eqheleke ngayo kakhulu |
|---|---|
| Phakathi kwabantu abadala abane- ADHD | |
| Iingxaki zeemvakalelo | Iimeko ezinje ngokudakumba kunye nesifo sengqondo esibizwa ngokuba yi-bipolar disorder zichaphazela phakathi kwe-19% kunye ne-37% yabantu abadala abane-ADHD. |
| Ixhala | Phakathi kwama-25% nama-50% abantu abadala abane-ADHD banengxaki yokuxhalaba. |
| Ukuxhomekeka kutywala | Kufunyenwe ukuba phakathi kwama-32% nama-53% abantu abadala abane-ADHD bayisebenzisa kakubi i-alcohol. |
| Ukusetyenziswa kwezinye iziyobisi | Ukusetyenziswa kweziyobisi ezifana ne-marijuana kunye ne-cocaine kuphakathi kwe-8% kunye ne-32%. |
| Phakathi kwabantwana abane-ADHD | |
| Ukukhubazeka kokufunda | Ubunzima esikolweni buqhelekile. Uphando lubonisa ukuba umntwana omnye kwabahlanu unengxaki yokufunda. |
| Iingxaki zokuziphatha (Indlela yokuziphatha/Ingxaki yokungavumi ukuchasana) | Oku kuthetha ukuba ukuziphatha okwaphula imithetho, okuhlukumeza abanye, okunobundlobongela, okanye okunolwaphulo-mthetho. Ezi ziqhelekile kwi-ADHD. |
| Ukudakumba kunye noxinzelelo | Ezi meko zixhaphakile kubantu abadala nakubantwana ngokufanayo. Zinokwandiswa ziingxaki zomsebenzi wesikolo kunye nobuhlobo. |
| Iingxaki noontanga | Kufunyenwe ukuba ama-21% abantwana abane-ADHD banendlela yokuziphatha ephazamisa ubuhlobo (xa kuthelekiswa nama-2% kuphela abantwana abangenayo i-ADHD). Oku kubabeka emngciphekweni omkhulu wokufumana uxinzelelo, ixhala, ukusetyenziswa gwenxa kweziyobisi, kunye nokwaluphala njengoko bekhula. |
Ngoko ke simele senze ntoni?
Emva kokufunda konke oku, mhlawumbi uyaqonda ukuba ukuba umntu uthi, "Andikhathali, ndingumntu ongcolileyo," akuthethi ukuba yi-ADHD. Kwakhona, ukuba une-ADHD, ngoku uyazi ukuba kunokubakho ezinye iingxaki kunye nayo.
Ngoko ke, ukuba ukrokrela ukuba wena okanye umntwana wakho une-ADHD, nceda ungazenzi izigqibo wedwa. Eyona nto ilungileyo nekhuselekileyo onokuyenza kukubona ugqirha ofanelekileyo, ngakumbi ugqirha wabantwana okanye ugqirha wengqondo , ukuze ahlolwe ngokupheleleyo. Kulapho ke kuphela apho unokwazi khona ukuba yintoni kanye kanye imbangela yezi mpawu, nokuba yi-ADHD yodwa okanye yenye imeko, kwaye uqale isicwangciso sonyango esifanelekileyo kuwe okanye kumntwana wakho.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Iimpawu ezifana ne-ADHD zinokubangelwa nazizinye iingxaki ezininzi zempilo, ezifana neengxaki zokulala, isifo se-thyroid, kunye noxinzelelo.
- Abantu abaninzi abane-ADHD (abantwana kunye nabantu abadala) banamathuba amaninzi okuba nesinye isifo, esifana nokuxhalaba, ukudakumba , okanye ukukhubazeka kokufunda.
- Musa ukuzixilonga ngokusekelwe koko ukufundileyo kwi-intanethi okanye kumarhe. Ukuba ufumana iimpawu ze-ADHD, qiniseka ukuba ucela ingcebiso kugqirha.
- Ukuxilongwa ngokuchanekileyo yindlela ekuphela kwayo yokufumanisa isicwangciso sonyango esifanelekileyo nesifanelekileyo kuwe okanye kumntwana wakho.
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