Ngaba wakha waba nomphimbo obuhlungu kakhulu, ubunzima bokuphefumla, kwaye uzive utyhafile? Mhlawumbi intamo yakho idumbile... Ezi azizompawu zomkhuhlane nje kuphela. Zisenokuba ziziphumo zesi sifo siyingozi esibizwa ngokuba yiDiphtheria . Ngaphambili, esi yayisisibetho esibulalayo. Nangona besilawulwa kakhulu ngenxa yemijovo, kusabalulekile ukuqaphela oku. Ngoko ke, namhlanje, masithethe ngento ekufuneka uyazi ngeDiphtheria.

Yintoni kanye kanye i-diphtheria?

Ngamafutshane, i-diphtheria sisifo esosulelayo . Sibangelwa yintsholongwane ebizwa ngokuba yiCorynebacterium diphtheriae. Xa le ntsholongwane ingena emizimbeni yethu, ivelisa ityhefu . Loo tyhefu yiyo ebangela zonke iingxaki. Le tyhefu ibangela ulwelo olungwevu noluqinileyo emqaleni wakho. Enyanisweni yingqokelela yezicubu ezifileyo. Oku kwenza kube nzima ukuyiginya kwaye kwenza kube nzima nokuphefumla.

Ngamanye amaxesha, ingakumbi kwiindawo ezifudumeleyo, umntu one-diphtheria unokuba nezilonda zesikhumba. Ezi zilonda zisenokungapholi kwaye zisenokugqunywa yi-grey film. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-cutaneous diphtheria . Le meko inokwenzeka nakubantu abahlala kwiindawo ezixineneyo apho ucoceko lungekho semgangathweni.

Makhe sijonge imbali kunye nemeko yangoku ye-diphtheria.

Ngaphambili, oko kukuthi, malunga neminyaka yoo-1920, i-diphtheria yayiyeyona bhubhane inkulu kumazwe afana neMelika. Amakhulu amawaka abantu afumana esi sifo kwaye uninzi lwafa. Kodwa ngoku imeko yahlukile . Ngenxa yokuphuculwa kwemigangatho yokuphila kunye nokulawulwa ngokucwangcisiweyo kwegonyo le-diphtheria, ingakumbi ebantwaneni, esi sifo siye salawulwa kakhulu.

Nangona kunjalo, kukho amanye amazwe ehlabathini apho ugonyo lungenziwanga ngokufanelekileyo. I-Diphtheria isabonakala kumazwe anjalo. Umzekelo, kwiindawo ezifana ne-Asia, iindawo zase-Afrika, naseMpuma Yurophu, esi sifo sisabonakala ngandlela thile. Oko kuthetha ukuba asinakukhululeka ngokupheleleyo kuloyiko . Kuba umntu unokufumana isifo naphi na emhlabeni.

Ziziphi iintlobo eziphambili ze-diphtheria?

Kukho iintlobo ezimbini eziphambili ze-diphtheria.

• I-classical respiratory diphtheria : Olu lolona hlobo luqhelekileyo. Njengoko igama lisitsho, luchaphazela inkqubo yokuphefumla. Oku kuthetha ukuba lunokuchaphazela impumlo, umphimbo, iitoni, okanye i-larynx . Iimpawu zinokwahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwindawo apho i-membrane ikhoyo. Abanye abantu babiza ngokuba yi -pharyngeal diphtheria .
• I-cutaneous diphtheria : Oku kunqabile kancinci. Kubangela izilonda zesikhumba, izilonda, okanye amadyungudyungu.Ezi zinokuvela naphi na emzimbeni. Njengoko bekutshiwo ngaphambili, olu hlobo luxhaphake kakhulu kumazwe ashushu, kwiimeko ezingafanelekanga zococeko, nakwiindawo ezixineneyo.

Siyifumana njani i-diphtheria?

Eli linqaku elibaluleke kakhulu. Kukho iindlela ezininzi eziphambili zokudlulisela i-diphtheria:

• Ngamathontsi aphuma emoyeni: Xa umntu osulelekileyo ethimla, ekhohlela, okanye etshica, amathontsi amancinci aneebhaktheriya akhutshwa emoyeni. Ukuba umntu ophilileyo uphefumla loo moya, isifo sinokudluliselwa.
• Ngokuchukumisa: Ukuba umntu ophilileyo uchukumisa into engcolileyo yintsholongwane (umz. ithoyi, isitshixo socango) aze achukumise impumlo yakhe, umlomo, okanye amehlo akhe ngeso sandla, unokosulelwa.
• Ngezilonda ezisulelekileyo: Ingasasazeka ukuba omnye umntu uchukumisa inxeba elivulekileyo lomntu osulelekileyo, okanye ukuba uchukumisa izinto ezifana nempahla enxitywe nguloo mntu.

Kwakhona, khumbula, kuba nje ukhe waba ne-diphtheria, musa ukucinga ukuba ayizukuphinda yenzeke. Ingaphinda yenzeke.

Ngubani osengozini enkulu yokufumana i-diphtheria?

Impendulo elula kukuba nabani na ongakhuselekanga ngesi sitofu sokugonya kwaye osondelelene nomntu onesifo se-diphtheria unokufumana esi sifo. Yiyo loo nto ukugonya kubaluleke kangaka.

Ngaba uyazi ukuba zithini iimpawu ze-diphtheria?

Kukho iimpawu ezininzi ezibonakala xa unesifo se-diphtheria. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba uzazi ezi mpawu.

• Umphimbo obuhlungu: Olu luphawu oluphambili.
• Ukudinwa nokudinwa: Usenokuziva udiniwe kangangokuba awukwazi kwenza nto.
• Umkhuhlane: Umzimba uba shushu kwaye ube nomkhuhlane.
• Ii-lymph nodes ezidumbileyo entanyeni: Ezidumbileyo ezifana namaqhuma entanyeni.
• Ubunzima bokuphefumla: Ifilimu engwevu eyenzeka emqaleni ivala impumlo nomqala, nto leyo eyenza kube nzima ukuphefumla.
• Ubunzima bokuginya (dysphagia): Ubunzima bokuginya kungekuphela nje ukutya, kodwa namanzi.
• Isifo semithambo-luvo, sezintso, okanye sentliziyo: Eyona nto iyingozi kukuba ukuba ityhefu eveliswa yibhaktheriya ingena egazini, inokonakalisa inkqubo yemithambo-luvo, izintso, okanye intliziyo.

Ngokwesiqhelo, iimpawu ziqala ukubonakala kwiintsuku ezimbini ukuya kwezintlanu emva kokosuleleka, kodwa ngamanye amaxesha zinokuthatha naphi na ukusuka kwiintsuku enye ukuya kwezilishumi.

Yintoni ebangela i-diphtheria?

Njengoko bekutshiwo ngaphambili, imbangela ephambili yoku yintsholongwane iCorynebacterium diphtheriae. Le ntsholongwane inamathela kwiinwebu zenkqubo yethu yokuphefumla (kwiindawo ezifana nomqala nempumlo) kwaye ivelisa ityhefu apho. Le tyhefu ibangela ukuba iiseli zenkqubo yokuphefumla zife. Kwisithuba seentsuku ezimbini ukuya kwezintathu, ezi zicubu zifileyo ziyaqokelelana ukuze zenze loo nwebu ityebileyo nengwevu.Oku kuqokelelana kunokuvala umqala, impumlo, iitoni, kunye ne-larynx, okwenza kube nzima kakhulu ukuphefumla nokuginya.

Ngaba i-diphtheria sisifo esosulelayo?

Ewe, ngokuqinisekileyo! I-Diphtheria sisifo esosulelayo kakhulu, yiyo loo nto izigulane ezinesi sifo zigcinwa zodwa kwabanye.

Ugqirha uyixilonga njani i-diphtheria?

Ugqirha wakho uza kukuxelela ngokuqinisekileyo ukuba une-diphtheria ngokujonga iimpawu zakho aze enze uvavanyo lwelabhoratri. Uza kuthatha i -swab ngasemva komqala wakho okanye kwisilonda esikhumbeni sakho. I-swab iza kuthunyelwa kwilabhoratri ukuze ixilonge.

Ziziphi iindlela zonyango lwe-diphtheria?

Unyango lwe-diphtheria luqala ngokukhawuleza kakhulu. Ngamanye amaxesha, unyango luqala ngaphambi kokuba iziphumo zovavanyo lwelabhoratri zifike. Kuba okukhona ilibaziseka ixesha elide, kokukhona ingozi iba nkulu.

Kukho iindlela ezimbini eziphambili zonyango:

1. I-antitoxin ye-Diphtheria: Le inikwa ukunqanda umonakalo kumalungu omzimba wethu (njengentliziyo kunye nemithambo-luvo) obangelwa yityhefu eveliswa yibhaktheriya.

2. Ii-antibiotics: Ii-antibiotics zinikwa ukulwa nosulelo lweentsholongwane. Amayeza asetyenziswa kakhulu yi -penicillin okanye i-erythromycin .

Umntu one-diphtheria ugcinwa kwigumbi elahlukileyo (ukwahlukaniswa) ukuthintela ukuba isifo singasasazeki kwabanye. Amandla okusasaza isifo ancipha kakhulu emva kweeyure ezingama-48 zokuqala amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane. Emva kokuba ixesha lonyango liphelile, uvavanyo lwenziwa kwakhona ukuze kubonwe ukuba iintsholongwane azisekho na. Nje ukuba iintsholongwane ziphele, kunikwa isitofu sokuthintela i-diphtheria ukuba ingaphindi yenzeke kwixesha elizayo.

Ziziphi iingxaki eziyingozi ezinokubakho ngenxa ye-diphtheria?

I-Diphtheria ayisosifo esinokudlalwa ngaso. Ukuba ayinyangwa kakuhle, okanye nokuba inyangwa, inokukhokelela kwiingxaki ezihlala ixesha elide.

• Ukuvaleka komoya: Inwebu eyenzeka emqaleni inokwenza kube nzima ukuphefumla.
• Ukonakala kwemisipha yentliziyo (myocarditis): Utyhefu lunokonakalisa imisipha yentliziyo.
• Ukonakala kwemithambo-luvo (i-neuropathy): Oku kunokubangela iingxaki ezahlukeneyo zemithambo-luvo.
• Ukungabi nabomi, ukozela.
• Ukukhubazeka: Kwezinye iimeko, amalungu omzimba asenokukhubazeka.
• Usulelo lwemiphunga okanye ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwemiphunga.

Kungenxa yokuba kukho amathuba okuba kubekho iimeko eziyingozi kangaka ekufuneka sikhathazeke kakhulu nge-diphtheria.

Ngaba ikho indlela yokuzikhusela kwi-diphtheria?

Ewe ngokwenene! Eyona ndlela ilungileyo nekuphela kwayo kukugonywa.

Ugonyo lweDiphtheria lunikwa abantwana njengenxalenye yeNkqubo yeSizwe yokuGonya eSri Lanka. Olu gonyo alukhuseli kuphela kwi-diphtheria kodwa nakwezinye izifo eziyingozi ezifana nokukhwehlela (ipertussis) kunye ne -tetanus (ezi zinikwa njengee-vaccine ezidibeneyo ezifana ne-DTP, i-DTaP, kunye ne-Tdap).

Kubaluleke kakhulu ukugqiba uthotho lwemijovo ngexesha lobuntwana nokufumana imijovo yokunyusa ngexesha elifanelekileyo.

Emva kokuba unikwe isitofu sokugonya, ngamanye amaxesha usenokuba nomkhuhlane omncinci, kwaye indawo ofakwe kuyo inaliti inokuba bomvu kwaye ibe buhlungu. Kodwa ezi ziziphumo ebezingalindelekanga eziqhelekileyo nezincinci. Iimpendulo eziqatha ze-allergy azixhaphakanga.

Yintoni onokuyilindela ukuba ufumana i-diphtheria?

Kukho unyango lwe-diphtheria, kwaye luyasebenza. Kodwa, nangona lusetyenziswa, malunga nomntu omnye kwabalishumi ofumana i-diphtheria uya kufa. Khawuthelekelele, ukuba ayinyangwa, umntu omnye kwababini oyifumanayo uya kufa. Ungayibona indlela oku kuyingozi ngayo, akunjalo?

Ngoko ke, ukhetho olufanelekileyo kukufumana ugonyo kwaye uzikhusele kwesi sifo. Ukuba unamathandabuzo malunga nokuba wena okanye abantwana bakho nigonywe ngokufanelekileyo na, qiniseka ukuba uqhagamshelana nogqirha ukuze akunike iingcebiso.

Kuthatha ixesha elingakanani ukuphola kwi-diphtheria?

Kudla ngokuthatha iiveki ezimbini ukuya kwezintathu ukuba umntu one-diphtheria aphile emva konyango. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba kukho izilonda zesikhumba (i-cutaneous diphtheria), zinokuthatha iinyanga ezimbini ukuya kwezintathu ukuba ziphiliswe ngokupheleleyo. Izilonda zinokushiya namanxeba.

Ingaba iDiphtheria sisifo esinyangekayo ngokupheleleyo?

Ewe. Ukuba unyango luqalwe kwangethuba, oko kukuthi, ngokukhawuleza nje ukuba iimpawu zibonakale, i-diphtheria inokulawulwa ngempumelelo kwaye inyangwe nge -antitoxin kunye nee-antibiotics . Nangona kunjalo, kungcono nangakumbi ukuthintela ukuba esi sifo singakhuli ngokupheleleyo ngokugonywa.

Kunini apho kufuneka ubone ugqirha ngokukhawuleza?

Kufuneka ulumke kakhulu ngezi zinto:

• Ukuba wena okanye umntu kusapho lwakho ukhe wadibana nomntu osuleleke yi-diphtheria , bonana nogqirha ngokukhawuleza.
• Ukuba awuqinisekanga ukuba ufumene ugonyo lwe-diphtheria okanye akunjalo, okanye ukuba ugonyo lwakho luhlaziyiwe , bona ugqirha ngokukhawuleza ukuze uxoxe ngale nto.

Umqolo womqala wam ungwevu. Ingaba yi-diphtheria?

Musa ukoyika ukucinga ukuba yi-diphtheria xa ubona ibala elingwevu ngasemva komqala wakho. Kukho ezinye izizathu zokuba amabala angwevu avele emqaleni wakho. Umzekelo, usulelo oluqhelekileyo lomqala olukhawulezileyo (i-acute pharyngitis) okanyeOku kunokwenzeka nakwiimeko ze- tonsillitis .

Ngoko ke, ukuba unamabala angwevu emqaleni wakho, eyona nto ingcono onokuyenza kukubona ugqirha ukuze ufumane unobangela ochanekileyo kwaye ufumane isicwangciso sonyango esifanelekileyo kuwe.

Okokugqibela, ezona zinto zibalulekileyo ekufuneka sizikhumbule

Kulungile, ngoko ke sithethe kakhulu nge-diphtheria. Kufuneka ukhumbule ezi zinto:

• I-Diphtheria sisifo esibi kakhulu, ngamanye amaxesha esisongela ubomi.
• Unyango olukhawulezileyo lubalulekile kwesi sifo. Okukhona silibazisa ixesha elide, kokukhona ingozi iba nkulu.
• Ukugonywa yeyona ndlela ilungileyo nekuphela kwayo yokukhusela i-diphtheria.
• Soloko uqinisekisa ukuba imigonyo yakho neyabantwana bakho ihlaziyiwe. Ukuba ungathandabuzi, bonana nogqirha wosapho lwakho ngokukhawuleza.

Ukuze uhlale usempilweni, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqaphela izinto ezinje!

I- Diphtheria, umphimbo obuhlungu, iingxaki zokuphefumla, ugonyo, usulelo lweebhaktheriya, izifo ezosulelayo, i-Corynebacterium diphtheriae