Mhlawumbi ukhe waliva igama elithi 'anthrax' kwiphephandaba okanye kumabonwakude. Kodwa yintoni ngokwenene? Ngaba yinto yokoyika? I-anthrax yintsholongwane eyingozi kakhulu ebangelwa ziintsholongwane. Ayiqhelekanga kakhulu kwilizwe lethu, kodwa kubalulekile ukuyiqonda. Esi sifo sidla ngokuchaphazela izilwanyana zasefama ezifana neenkomo neegusha. Nangona kunjalo, sinokudluliselwa nakubantu abadibana nezilwanyana ezosulelekileyo okanye iimveliso ezifunyenwe kuzo.
Yintoni ebangela i-anthrax ?
Ngamafutshane, i-anthrax ibangelwa luhlobo lwebhaktheriya ebizwa ngokuba yiBacillus anthracis . Le bhaktheriya iyingozi kakhulu kuba inokwenza iqokobhe elikhuselayo elijikeleze yona kwaye iphile njengee -spores kwindawo engqongileyo, ingakumbi emhlabeni, iminyaka ngaphandle kokubangela monakalo.
Cinga ngezi spores njengembewu ezincinci ezileleyo. Xa zingena emizimbeni yethu, xa zifumene indawo efanelekileyo, ziyavuka ebuthongweni bazo ziphinde zibe ziintsholongwane ezisebenzayo. Emva koko ezi ntsholongwane ziqala ukuvelisa iityhefu eziyingozi emizimbeni yethu. Zizo ezi tyhefu ezisigulisayo.
Siyifumana njani i-anthrax?
Nantsi into ebaluleke kakhulu ekufuneka uyazi. I-anthrax ayisosifo esinokusasazeka ukusuka komnye umntu ukuya komnye. Oko kuthetha ukuba ayinakusasazwa ngokuba kufutshane nomntu onomkhuhlane okanye okhwehlelayo. Siyifumana njani ke ngoko?
Kukho iindlela ezininzi eziphambili esi sifo esinokudluliselwa ngazo:
- Ngesikhumba: Iintsholongwane ze-anthrax zingena emzimbeni ngenxeba eluswini lwakho, njengokusikwa okanye ukukrweleka. Le yindlela uninzi lwabantu olufumana ngayo i-anthrax.
- Ukuphefumla: Ukuphefumla ii-spores kwindawo esingqongileyo. Olu lolona hlobo lwe-anthrax luyingozi kwaye lubulalayo.
- Ngendlela yokutya : Ngokutya ukutya okungcoliswe zii-spores, njengenyama engaphekwanga kakuhle.
- Ngokufaka iziyobisi: Ukufaka iziyobisi ezifana ne-heroin engcolileyo kunokubangela ukuba kungene ii-spores. Oku kuye kwaxelwa kumazwe aliqela aseYurophu.
Abo basengozini enkulu ngabo basebenza nezilwanyana ezosulelekileyo ezifama, abo basebenza ngemveliso efana nezikhumba zezilwanyana okanye uboya, oogqirha bezilwanyana, kunye nabo basebenza ngebhaktiriya ye-anthrax kwiilabhoratri.
Zithini iimpawu ze-anthrax?
Iimpawu ze-anthrax zixhomekeke kwindlela iintsholongwane ezingene ngayo emzimbeni. Makhe sijonge nganye kwezi meko ngokwahlukeneyo.
| Indlela engena ngayo emzimbeni | Iimpawu ezibonisiweyo |
|---|---|
| Ngesikhumba (i-Cutaneous Anthrax) |
|
| Ngokusebenzisa umjelo wokutya (iGastrointestinal Anthrax) | |
| Ngendlela yokuphefumla (Inhalation Anthrax) (Le yeyona meko iyingozi kakhulu) | |
| Ngokutofa ngamayeza (Injection Anthrax) |
Indlela yokuxilonga esi sifo?
Ukuba ugqirha wakho ukrokrela ukuba une-anthrax, uza kuqala akubuze ngomsebenzi wakho, nokuba usebenzisana nezilwanyana, okanye ukhe wadibana nantoni na ekrokrisayo. Emva koko baza kwenza uvavanyo oluninzi ukuqinisekisa isifo.
- Uvavanyo lwegazi: Jonga igazi lakho ukuze ubone ukuba kukho ii-antibodies ezichasene nebhaktheriya ye-anthrax okanye iityhefu eziveliswa yibhaktheriya.
- Ukuthathwa kwesampulu yesikhumba: Ukuba unesilonda sesikhumba, isampuli encinci iya kuthathwa kwisilonda ize ivavanywe kwilebhu.
- I-X-ray yesifuba okanye i-CT scan: Olu vavanyo lwenziwa ukuba ukrokrela ukuba une-anthrax kwindlela yokuphefumla.
- Uvavanyo lwesitulo: Jonga ukuba akukho anthrax kwindlela yokugaya ukutya.
- I-Spinal Tap: Ukuba ukrokrela ukuba une-meningitis, unokufuna ukwenza olu vavanyo (i-spinal tap okanye i-lumbar puncture) ukuze uthathe isampuli encinci yolwelo lomqolo ukuze luvavanywe.
Ziziphi iindlela zonyango lwe-anthrax?
Ukuba unesikrokro sokuba ukhe wachaphazeleka yi-anthrax , bona ugqirha okanye uye kwigumbi likaxakeka esibhedlele (ETU) ngoko nangoko, ungalindi ukuba kuvele iimpawu. Okukhona uqala unyango ngokukhawuleza, kokukhona kungcono.
Unyango luxhomekeke kuhlobo losulelo kunye nobunzima besifo.
1. Ii-antibiotics: Olu lolona nyango luphambili lwe-anthrax. Kwiimeko ezinzima kakhulu, ezi zinikwa ngemithambo yegazi (IV).
2. Ii-Antitoxins: Uhlobo olukhethekileyo lonyango olunikwayo ukuze luthintele iityhefu eziveliswa ziintsholongwane. `(Obiltoxaximab)` kunye `(raxibacumab)` ngamayeza amabini anjalo.
3. Ukulaliswa esibhedlele: Abantu abagula kakhulu banyangwa esibhedlele.
Ngubani onikwa ugonyo lwe-anthrax?
Kukho isitofu sokukhusela kwi-anthrax. Nangona kunjalo, asisiso isitofu esinikwa uluntu ngokubanzi. Esi sitofu sinikwa kuphela abantu abasengozini enkulu yokuchaphazeleka sesi sifo. Oko kukuthi:
- Kwabo basebenza ngebhaktheriya ye-anthrax kwiilabhoratri.
- Kwabo basebenza kumashishini anxulumene neemveliso zezilwanyana (isikhumba, uboya).
- Kubasebenzi bomkhosi kwamanye amazwe.
Kwimeko engxamisekileyo, njengohlaselo lwe-bioterrorism, olu gonyo lunokunikwa abo baye bachatshazelwa. Kwimeko enjalo, kufuneka iidosi ezi-3 zesi gonyo kangangeeveki ezi-4 kunye neentsuku ezingama-60 zee-antibiotics.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- I-Anthrax lusulelo olukhulu olubangelwa ziibhaktheriya.
- Oku akusuleli.
- Idla ngokusasazeka kwizilwanyana ezineentsholongwane okanye kwiimveliso zazo.
- Iimpawu zixhomekeke kwindlela iintsholongwane ezingene ngayo emzimbeni. I-inhalation anthrax yeyona iyingozi kakhulu.
- Ukuba ukrokrela ukuba ukhe wachaphazeleka sesi sifo, funa ingcebiso kagqirha ngoko nangoko, nokuba iimpawu ziyavela. Unyango lwangethuba lunokusindisa ubomi bakho.
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