Ngaba wakha weva 'ngovavanyo lwe-DNA' okanye 'uvavanyo lwezakhi zofuzo'? Mhlawumbi ugqirha wakho ukuxelele ngako, okanye ukhe wakubona kwimuvi kwiTV. Yintoni kanye kanye eyenzayo? Ingabonelela ngolwazi oluxabisekileyo kungekuphela nje ngezifo emizimbeni yethu, kodwa nangezakhi zofuzo zethu. Masithethe ngako ngendlela elula onokuyiqonda.
Yintoni kanye kanye uvavanyo lwe-DNA?
Ngamafutshane, uvavanyo lwe-DNA, okanye uvavanyo lwe-genetic, lukhangela umahluko kwiijini zakho, ii-chromosomes, kunye ne-DNA. Cinga ngezi 'njengemiyalelo' elawula yonke into emizimbeni yethu. Ukuphakama kwethu, umbala wamehlo, kunye nombala weenwele azixhomekekanga kuphela kwezi jini, kodwa zikwamisela ukuba sithambekele kwizifo ezithile.
Olu phando lungasinceda siqonde ngakumbi amanqaku aphambili aliqela:
- Qinisekisa ukuba kukho isifo esithile okanye akunjalo: Nokuba kukho iimpawu ezithile, ezi mvavanyo zinceda ekuqinisekiseni uhlobo oluchanekileyo lwesifo.
- Yazi umngcipheko wakho wokuba nesifo kwixesha elizayo: Ezinye izifo, umzekelo, ezinye iintlobo zomhlaza, zinefuthe kwimfuza ekukhuleni kwazo. Ngoko ke ungafumanisa kwangaphambili ukuba usemngciphekweni na.
- Funda ngeemeko zofuzo onokuzidlulisela kumntwana wakho: Nokuba awubonisi zimpawu zezinye iimeko zofuzo, usenokuba 'ngumthwali' wale meko. Oku kuthetha ukuba ungadlulisela i-gene etshintshileyo kumntwana wakho.
Ukuba unomdla wovavanyo lwemfuza, kungcono uthethe nogqirha wakho ngalo nto kuqala. Emva koko ungenza isigqibo sokuba uyalufuna na olu vavanyo, kwaye ukuba kunjalo, loluphi uhlobo olufunekayo.
Ziziphi iintlobo eziphambili zovavanyo lwe-DNA?
Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zovavanyo lwemfuza. Ugqirha wakho uza kukucebisa uvavanyo olufanele wena ngokusekelwe kwimbali yosapho lwakho kunye neempawu zakho. Makhe sijonge iintlobo eziphambili.
| Uhlobo lovavanyo | Ubona ntoni kule nto? |
|---|---|
| Uvavanyo lwe-gene | Oku kwenziwa ngokujonga utshintsho kwi-gene enye okanye ezingaphezulu. Umzekelo, ukuba umntu kusapho lwakho unesifo se-gene, unokujonga ukuba unayo na i-gene yeso sifo. |
| Uvavanyo lwe-genomic | Olu luvavanyo olupheleleyo ngakumbi. Endaweni ye-gene enye okanye ezimbini kuphela, ikhangela utshintsho kwinani elikhulu le-genes kwi-DNA yakho ngaxeshanye. Isetyenziswa kwiimeko ezinzima zesifo. |
| Uvavanyo lwe-chromosome | Iijini zifumaneka kwiikromosomu. Olu vavanyo alujongi iijini, kodwa lujonga utshintsho kwikromosomu yonke. Lujonga izinto ezifana nokuba kukho ikromosomu eyongezelelweyo, ikromosomu engekhoyo, okanye iziqwenga ezaphukileyo. |
| Uvavanyo lokubonakaliswa kwejini | Ngaphakathi kwiiseli zomzimba wethu, ezinye iijini "ziyasebenza" kanti ezinye "azisebenzi." Olu vavanyo lujonga indlela ezisebenza ngayo iijini. Kwezinye izifo, ezifana nomhlaza, iijini zibonakala zigqithisile (zibonakala zigqithisile) okanye azibonakali zigqithisile (zibonakala zingaphantsi). |
Zisetyenziselwa ntoni ezi mvavanyo zemfuza?
Uvavanyo lwemfuza sisixhobo esibaluleke kakhulu kwezonyango. Nazi ezinye zeemeko olusetyenziswa kuzo.
Uvavanyo lwangaphambi kokubeleka koomama abakhulelweyo
Ngexesha lokukhulelwa, olu vavanyo lunokubona naluphi na utshintsho kwiijini okanye kwiikromosomu zomntwana ongekazalwa. Oku kunokunceda ekufumaneni umngcipheko wokuba umntwana afumane isifo sejini kwangethuba.
Uvavanyo lokuxilonga
Ukuba uneempawu, olu vavanyo lunokunceda ekuqinisekiseni ukuba zibangelwa yimeko yemfuza okanye akunjalo.
Ukuhlolwa komthwali
Kukho izifo ezithile zemfuza, nangona une-gene etshintshileyo yeso sifo emzimbeni wakho, awuyi kubonisa zimpawu. Ubizwa ngokuba "ngumthwali." Ukuba bobabini abazali abaceba ukuba nomntwana banesi sifo esifanayo, kukho umngcipheko we-25% wokuba umntwana abe nesi sifo. Ngoko ke olu vavanyo lunokukuxelela ukuba ungumthwali na.
Ukuhlolwa kweentsana ezisandul' ukuzalwa
Kwangoko nje umntwana ezelwe, uvavanywa izifo ezithile zemfuza nezinye. Oku kuvumela ukuba unyango luqale ngokukhawuleza ukuba kukho isifo.
Uvavanyo lokuqikelela kunye novavanyo lwangaphambi kweempawu
Olu vavanyo lunokubonisa ukuba usengozini enkulu yemfuza yokuhlaselwa sisifo esithile (umz., iintlobo ezithile zomhlaza) kwixesha elizayo, nokuba awunazo iimpawu okwangoku.
Uvavanyo lwe-Pharmacogenomic
Le yinto entle kakhulu. Olu vavanyo lunokukuxelela indlela amayeza athile aza kukuchaphazela ngayo, nokuba aza kukusebenzela na, kunye nokuba yeyiphi idosi ekhuselekileyo, ngokusekelwe kwimfuza yakho. Oku kunokunceda ugqirha wakho ukuba akhethe unyango olulungele wena.
Zeziphi izifo ezinokufunyaniswa ngovavanyo lwemfuza?
Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba uvavanyo lwemfuza alunakubona zonke izifo. Kwakhona, iziphumo zovavanyo ezibonisa ukuba unayo intsholongwane azithethi ukuba uza kuba neso sifo. Nangona kunjalo, ziluncedo kakhulu ekuchongeni izifo ezininzi. Nazi ezinye zemizekelo:
- I-Down syndrome
- Icystic fibrosis
- Isifo seSickle cell
- Isifo sikaHuntington
- Ezinye iintlobo zomhlaza ezizuzwe njengelifa, ezifana nomhlaza webele kunye nomhlaza wamathumbu amakhulu
Lwenziwa njani olu vavanyo?
Yinkqubo elula kakhulu. Ugqirha wakho uza kuthatha isampuli yegazi lakho , iinwele, ulusu, izicwili, okanye ulwelo lwe-amniotic kumfazi okhulelweyo . Emva koko isampuli ithunyelwa kwilebhu. Apho, iingcali ziya kuvavanya ii-genes zakho, ii-chromosomes, okanye i-DNA ukuze zibone utshintsho, kwaye zithumele iziphumo kugqirha wakho.
Ngaba kukho naziphi na iingozi kwezi mvavanyo?
Uninzi lovavanyo lwe-DNA lunemingcipheko ephantsi kakhulu yomzimba. Lulula njengokuthatha igazi elincinci. Nangona kunjalo, ezinye iimvavanyo, ezibandakanya ukuthatha ulwelo oluvela esibelekweni ngexesha lokukhulelwa, zinomngcipheko omncinci kakhulu wosulelo kunye nokuphuphuma kwesisu.
Nangona kunjalo, umngcipheko omkhulu ungowengqondo nowezemali .
- Impembelelo yengqondo: Ukuba ufumana iziphumo ezingalindelekanga, unokufumana iimvakalelo ezifana nomsindo, uloyiko, usizi, kunye nexhala.
- Imiba yezemali: Uvavanyo lwemfuza lunokubiza kakhulu, ngoko ke kulungile ukwazi oko ngaphambi kokuba uvavanywe.
Kwakhona, khumbula ukuba olu vavanyo lusenokungachaneki ngokupheleleyo. Kwakhona, iziphumo azinakusoloko zixela kwangaphambili ukuba iimpawu ziya kuba nkulu kangakanani okanye ukuba isifo siza kuvela nini.
Zithini iziphumo?
Ukuqonda iziphumo zovavanyo lwemfuza ngamanye amaxesha kunokuba nzima. Ugqirha wakho uza kuthelekisa iziphumo nembali yakho yezonyango ukuze azichaze ngokuchanekileyo. Kukho iintlobo ezintathu eziphambili zeziphumo.
| Isiphumo | Intsingiselo |
| -- ...
| Ilungile | Oku kuthetha ukuba ilebhu ifumene utshintsho kwimfuza olubangela isifo. Oku kunokuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa kwakho, kuqinisekise ukuba ungumthwali wesifo, okanye kuqinisekise ukuba usemngciphekweni omkhulu wokufumana esi sifo. |
| Okubi | Oku kuthetha ukuba utshintsho lwemfuza olubangela isifo alufumanekanga. Oku kunokuthintela ukuxilongwa, kuqinisekise ukuba awungomntu othwala esi sifo, okanye kugqibe ekubeni awukho sengozini enkulu.
| Akuqinisekanga | Oku kuthetha ukuba nokuba utshintsho lwemfuza lufunyenwe, akukho lwazi lwaneleyo lokufumanisa ukuba lutshintsho olubangela isifo okanye olungenabungozi. Oku kungenxa yokuba sonke sinotshintsho oluncinci kwi-DNA yethu olungachaphazeli impilo yethu.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Uvavanyo lwe-DNA okanye lwe-genetic yindlela yokuvavanya ekhangela utshintsho kwi-genes zethu kwaye inike ulwazi oluxabisekileyo malunga nempilo yethu.
- Olu vavanyo lunokuqinisekisa isifo, luchonge iingozi zexesha elizayo, kwaye lubonelele ngolwazi malunga neemeko zemfuza ezinokudluliselwa ebantwaneni.
- Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zovavanyo lwemfuza, kwaye kubalulekile ukufuna ingcebiso kagqirha ukuze ukhethe uhlobo olulungele wena.
- Ukuqonda iziphumo kunokuba nzima, ngoko ke nokuba zithini na iziphumo, thetha nogqirha wakho ngazo kunye namanyathelo akho alandelayo.
- Lumka ngeekiti ezithengiswa ngqo kubathengi ezithengiswa kwi-intanethi okanye ngezinye iindlela. Uvavanyo olwenziwe phantsi kwesikhokelo sikagqirha lunokuthenjwa ngakumbi.
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