Ngubani uGqirha oQhelekileyo? Masithethe ngale nto ngokulula!

Usenokuba ukhe weva ngo-'Gqirha Jikelele'. Okanye mhlawumbi ukhe wadibana nomnye wamalungu osapho lwakho okanye abahlobo bakho. Ngubani kanye kanye uGqirha Jikelele? Wenza ntoni? Bahluke njani kwabanye oogqirha? Makhe sithethe ngako konke oku ngolwimi olulula noluqondakalayo lwesiSinhala.

Ngubani kanye kanye uGqirha oQhelekileyo?

Ngamafutshane, ugqirha otyandayo ngugqirha kunye nogqirha otyandayo. Oko kuthetha ukuba unokuxilonga izifo, azinyange, kwaye ukuba kuyimfuneko, enze utyando. Into ekhethekileyo kukuba aba bantu abapheleli nje kwilungu elinye lomzimba. Njengogqirha wethu wosapho, kodwa banokwenza utyando.

Umzekelo, abanye oogqirha basebenza kakhulu kwintliziyo ('ingcali yentliziyo') okanye ingqondo ('ingcali yezifo zengqondo'). Kodwa ugqirha oqhelekileyo usebenza kwindawo ebanzi kakhulu. Umzekelo, banokunyanga amalungu akho esisu ('amalungu esisu'), amathumba kwezinye iindawo zomzimba wakho, okanye ukwenzakala okuninzi ngenxa yeengozi ngaxeshanye. Ngabo badlala indima ebalulekileyo ekunyamekeleni isigulana ngaphambi kotyando ('ngaphambi kotyando'), ngexesha lotyando ('utyando'), nasemva kotyando ('emva kotyando'). Badla ngokuba ngabo basebenza njengeqela nabanye oogqirha kunye nabahlengikazi.

Utyando oluqhelekileyo lolunye lwezifundo zotyando ezili-14 ezivunyiweyo yi-American College of Surgeons.

Yintoni enyangwa ngugqirha oqhelekileyo?

Nditshilo ngaphambili ukuba ugqirha otyandayo ufana "nogqirha wosapho onokwenza utyando." Ngoko ke banyanga iimeko ezahlukeneyo. Kwaye, ezo ndlela zonyango ziquka iintlobo ngeentlobo zotyando kunye neenkqubo. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba ugqirha otyandayo uziva engenalo ithemba ngokupheleleyo ekunyangeni imeko ethile, ngokuqinisekileyo uya kukuthumela kwingcali. Nalo ke luxanduva lwabo.

Zeziphi izifo eziqhelekileyo ezinyangwayo?

Nazi ezinye zeemeko ezinyangwa ngugqirha oqhelekileyo:

• Ukulimala okubangelwa kukwenzakala: Khawuthelekelele benyanga ukwenzakala okunzulu okubangelwe yingozi okanye ukuwa ngelixa behamba endleleni.
• Izinto ezingaqhelekanga emzimbeni: Ezi zinokuba ziziphene zokuzalwa okanye iithumba ezikhula kamva ebomini.
• Umhlaza webele: Umhlaza webele, onokwenzeka kumadoda nakubafazi, unyangwa ngotyando.
• Izifo zendlela ephezulu ye-GI:Oko kuthetha izifo ezinxulumene nommizo wethu, isisu, kunye namathumbu amancinci. Umzekelo, ukuba izinto ezifana ne-gastritis ziba mandundu, kunokufuneka wenze i-endoscopy okanye utyando.
• Indlela yokugaya inyongo: Oku kuquka inyongo, imibhobho yenyongo, ipancreas, nesibindi. Amatye enyongo adla ngokususwa ngotyando ngugqirha oqhelekileyo.
• Iimeko ze-endocrine: Umzekelo, kwenziwa utyando lokunyanga iithumba kwi-thyroid gland okanye kwi-adrenal glands.
• Iingxaki zemithambo yegazi: Zikwangenelela kwiingxaki ezithile zemithambo yegazi.
• Isifo esibuhlungu nesingapheliyo: Ngamanye amaxesha babandakanyeka kwiindlela zotyando ezifunekayo kwizigulana ezikwiiyunithi zokhathalelo oluphezulu, okanye kwezinye izinto ezenziwayo ukunciphisa iintlungu zezigulana ekupheleni kobomi bazo.

Uba njani nguGqirha Jikelele?

Ukuba ngugqirha otyandayo akuyonto ilula. Okokuqala, kufuneka babe ngugqirha. Oko kuthetha ukuba kufuneka bafunde iminyaka emine kwisikolo sezonyango baze bafumane "isidanga sezonyango". Kuphela emva koko baqala uqeqesho lokuba ngugqirha otyandayo.

Ukuze benze oku, kufuneka bagqibe inkqubo yokuhlala yotyando yeminyaka emihlanu ubuncinane . Olu qeqesho lwenziwa ngokwezigaba. Oko kukuthi, emva kokugqiba unyaka omnye ngempumelelo baya kufaneleka kunyaka olandelayo.

Kwanasemva kokugqiba olu qeqesho, kusafuneka baphumelele iimviwo ezimbini zebhodi ukuze babe ngugqirha oqeqeshiweyo.

1. Olokuqala luvavanyo lokufaneleka . Olu luvavanyo olubhaliweyo olunemibuzo yokukhetha iimpendulo ezininzi.

2. Kuphela emva kokuphumelela oku apho uya kufaneleka khona ukubhalisela "uviwo lokuqinisekisa" . Olu luvavanyo lomlomo.

Kuphela emva kokuphumelela kwezi mviwo zombini apho umntu aqatshelwa njengo "Certified General Surgeon." Ngoko ke khawucinge ukuba oku kufuna ukuzinikela nokusebenza nzima kangakanani!

Yintoni efundwa ngugqirha oqhelekileyo?

Ugqirha otyandayo ufunda nzulu ngezinto ezilithoba eziphambili zotyando oluqhelekileyo ngexesha loqeqesho lwakhe. Nazi:

• Indlela yokugaya ukutya: Oku kubhekisa phantse kuzo zonke iindawo zenkqubo yethu yokugaya ukutya.
• Izitho zesisu nezesinqe: Izitho ezingaphakathi kwesisu, ezifana nesibindi, izintso kunye nepancreas.
• Amabele, ulusu kunye nezicubu ezithambileyo: Bafunda nangezinto ezikumphezulu womzimba.
• Intloko nentamo:Zikwanyanga ezinye iimeko ezenzeka kwezi ndawo.
• Inkqubo yentliziyo: Ulwazi olusisiseko malunga nentliziyo kunye nemithambo yegazi.
• Inkqubo ye-endocrine: Yinkqubo yamadlala avelisa iihomoni.
• I-oncology yotyando: Oku kuthetha unyango lomhlaza ngotyando.
• Ukonzakala: Oku kuquka ukwenzakala kwenkqubo yemisipha, ukwenzakala entloko, kunye nokwenzakala kwezandla.
• Utyando olungxamisekileyo nolungxamisekileyo: Izinto ezifana notyando olusindisa ubomi ekufuneka zenziwe ngoko nangoko.

Ngexesha loqeqesho lwabo, kufuneka bachithe ubuncinane iminyaka emine enesiqingatha kwiminyaka emihlanu besebenza nezigulane. Kwaye ubuncinane iminyaka emithathu besebenza kwiindawo eziphambili ezisithoba ezikhankanyiweyo ngaphambili. Abanakuqeqeshwa ngaphezu kweenyanga ezili-12 kwicandelo lotyando olunye okanye ngaphezulu kweenyanga ezi-6 kwicandelo lonyango olungelulo utyando. Oko kuthetha ukuba uqeqesho lwabo kufuneka lube lukhulu kakhulu.

Yintoni eyenziwa nguGqirha Jikelele?

Xa ugqirha otyandayo egqiba uqeqesho lwakhe aze aye emsebenzini, utyando kunye nonyango alwenzayo rhoqo lunokwahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwisibhedlele asebenza kuso, nokuba sikwisixeko esikhulu okanye kwindawo ekude.

Khawuthelekelele, kwisibhedlele esikhulu, esixhotyiswe kakuhle, kunokubakho iingcali zotyando ezenza utyando oluthile. Umzekelo, ugqirha wentliziyo unokwenza utyando lwentliziyo, kwaye ugqirha wemithambo-luvo angenza utyando lwemithambo-luvo. Nangona kunjalo, kwisibhedlele apho kungekho zingcali zingako, ugqirha wezifo eziqhelekileyo unokufuneka enze uninzi lwale misebenzi. Ke ngoko, indima yabo ibaluleke kakhulu.

Zeziphi iindlela zotyando ezixhaphakileyo?

Nazi ezinye zeentlobo zotyando onokulindela ukuba ugqirha otyandayo azenze rhoqo:

• Utyando lokulwa nokuvuza kwegazi (iNissen fundoplication): Utyando lokuthintela i-asidi yesisu ukuba ingangeni emqaleni ngenxa yeemeko ezifana ne-gastritis.
• Ukususwa kwesihlomelo (Ukususwa kwesihlomelo / i-Appendectomy): Xa usulelo (i-appendicitis) luvela kwinxalenye encinci yomzimba ebizwa ngokuba yi-appendix, luyasuswa ngotyando.
• Utyando lweBariatric (ukunciphisa umzimba): Utyando lokunceda abantu abatyebe kakhulu ukuba banciphise umzimba.
• Utyando lwebele: Utyando lweethumba zebele, ezifana nomhlaza webele.
• Utyando lokuhlola (iLaparotomy okanye iLaparoscopy): Xa isifo singafumaneki, ingaphakathi lomzimba liyavulwa okanye kufakwe ikhamera ukuze kujongwe ngaphakathi.
• Ukususwa kwenyongo (Cholecystectomy): Ukususwa kwenyongo xa kuvela iingxaki ezifana namatye enyongo.
• Utyando lokulungisa iHernia:Ukulungisa i-hernia (ukuphuma kwamalungu amathumbu kwindawo ebuthathaka eludongeni lwesisu).
• Ukususwa kweprostate (i-prostatectomy): Utyando olwenziwa kumadoda ukuze kunyangwe izifo ezifana nomhlaza weprostate.
• Ukususwa kwe-spleen (i-Spleenectomy): I-spleen ingadinga ukususwa ngenxa yezifo ezithile zegazi kunye neengozi.
• Ukususwa kwesibeleko (Hysterectomy): Utyando olwenziwayo ukunyanga iimeko ezithile ezinxulumene nesibeleko kubafazi.

Ziziphi iindlela zotyando?

Kule mihla, oogqirha abaqhelekileyo baqeqeshwe ukusebenza ngetekhnoloji yamva nje (`iindlela zotyando ezincediswa yitekhnoloji`). Oku kuthetha ukuba endaweni yokusebenzisa imingxunya emikhulu ngendlela yakudala, basebenzisa imingxunya emincinci kunye notyando oluncediswa yikhamera. Ezi ndlela zibangela ukungonwabi okuncinci kwisigulana kwaye zinokusinceda siphinde siphile ngokukhawuleza.

Kukho iindlela ezintathu eziphambili:

1. I-Endoscopy

2. Utyando lweLaparoscopic

3. Utyando lwerobhothi

Yintoni i-Endoscopy?

Le yinkqubo engaqhelekanga kakhulu. I-Endoscopy yinkqubo evumela ugqirha ukuba enze utyando oluncinci emzimbeni wakho ngaphandle kokusika ulusu okanye izicubu zakho. Khawuthelekelele, basebenzisa izixhobo ezinde nezincinci. Ezi zidlula kwityhubhu ende, eguquguqukayo ebizwa ngokuba yi-endoscope. Kwelinye icala lale tyhubhu kukho ikhamera yevidiyo encinci.

Le `endoscope` idluliselwa emqaleni wakho (`i-endoscopy engentla`) okanye kwi-rectum (`i-colonoscopy`). Imifanekiso ebonwa kwikhamera iboniswa `kwisikrini`. Ugqirha usebenzisa ezi zixhobo zincinci ukwenza utyando ngelixa ejonge isikrini.

Ngamafutshane, olu luvavanyo okanye utyando oluncinci olubandakanya ukufakwa kwekhamera esiswini ngaphandle kokwenza naluphi na utyando olukhulu.

Ezona zinto zixhaphakileyo ezenziwa nge-endoscopy zezi:

• Ukususwa kwee-polyps ezincinci okanye iithumba (i-polypectomy).
• Ukuthatha iisampuli zezicubu ukuze zivavanywe (i-biopsy).
• Ukusikwa nokukhululwa kwemisipha eqinileyo (`myotomy`).

Yintoni utyando lwe-laparoscopic?

Utyando lwe-Laparoscopic lukwayindlela yotyando olungenazo zonke iindlela . Kule ndlela, ugqirha ufikelela kwizitho zakho zesisu ngokusebenzisa imingxunya embalwa emincinci "yesitshixo", engaphantsi kwesiqingatha sesentimitha ngobukhulu .

Ityhubhu enekhamera ebizwa ngokuba yi-laparoscope (ekwaluhlobo lwe-endoscope) ifakwa ngomnye wemingxunya kwaye ngaphakathi kujongwa. Imifanekiso evela kwikhamera iboniswa kwisikrini. Izixhobo zotyando ezinde nezincinci emva koko zifakwa ngomnye umngxuma kwaye utyando lwenziwa ngelixa ujonge kwisikrini. Le ndlela ivumela isigulana ukuba siphile ngokukhawuleza kwaye ishiye amanxeba amancinci.

Olona tyando luqhelekileyo olwenziwa ngoogqirha abaqhelekileyo nge-laparoscopically zezi:

• I-Appendectomy lutyando lokuthintela i-appendicitis.
• Utyando lwamatye enyongo (iCholecystectomy).
• Utyando lwe-gastric bypass lutyando lokunciphisa umzimba.

Yintoni utyando lwerobhothi?

Utyando lwerobhothi luhlobo oluphambili lotyando lwe-laparoscopic. Lusebenzisa i-laparoscope kunye nezixhobo ezinde, ezincinci ezidlula kwiingxobo ezincinci zezitshixo. Umahluko kukuba ezi zixhobo zilawulwa ziingalo zerobhothi.

Kodwa oku akuthethi ukuba irobhothi iza kwenza utyando ngokwayo. Ugqirha usebenzisa ingalo yerobhothi esuka kwikhonsoli yekhompyutha kwigumbi lotyando. Oku kuvumela utyando oluchanekileyo nolunobunono. Oogqirha abaqhelekileyo banokufunda ngotyando lwerobhothi ngexesha loqeqesho lwabo oluqhelekileyo, okanye banokwenza uqeqesho olongezelelweyo (ubudlelane).

Yintoni umahluko phakathi kogqirha oqhelekileyo kunye nogqirha oqhelekileyo?

Lo ngumbuzo abantu abaninzi abawubuzayo. Bonke oogqirha bangoogqirha. Kodwa ayingoogqirha bonke abangoogqirha. Oogqirha ngabantu abangoogqirha baze bafumane uqeqesho olongezelelweyo kunye nesatifikethi sokwenza utyando. Ngamafutshane, utyando luyinkqubo eyenziwa ngaphakathi emzimbeni womntu, njengezitho zomzimba, izicubu, kunye namathambo, ukunyanga ukwenzakala okanye izifo.

Ugqirha oQhelekileyo (okanye uGqirha oQeqeshayo oPhambili - i-PCP) ngugqirha osebenza kunyango oluqhelekileyo, endaweni yokuba ngugqirha okhethekileyo. Ngokwesiqhelo abenzi utyando.

Kwelinye icala, ugqirha otyandayo ngugqirha okhethe ukuba yingcali kutyando. Abapheleli nje kwingcali yotyando olunye, kodwa basebenza kwicandelo elibanzi "lotyando oluqhelekileyo."

Kuthatha ixesha elingakanani ukuba yi-Surgeon General?

Khawucinge nje, kwilizwe elifana neMelika, kuthatha iminyaka emine ukufumana isidanga se-bachelor. Emva koko kuthatha eminye iminyaka emine ukufumana isidanga sezonyango. Emva koko kuthatha iminyaka emihlanu ukufumana indawo yokuhlala yotyando. Yiminyaka eli-13 leyo! Emva koko kuthatha ixesha ukuphumelela ezo mviwo zebhodi endizikhankanyileyo ngaphambili. Ngoko ke, kufuneka ufunde ubuncinane iminyaka eli-13 ukuze ube ngugqirha wotyando jikelele. Asikuko ukuzibophelela okukhulu oko?

Yintoni umahluko phakathi koGqirha oQhelekileyo kunye noGqirha wabantwana?

Le yingongoma ebalulekileyo. Wonke ugqirha wabantwana ngugqirha oqhelekileyo. Kodwa ayinguye wonke ugqirha oqhelekileyo ongugqirha wabantwana.

Ngamafutshane, ugqirha wabantwana ngumntu oqeqeshwe njengogqirha oqhelekileyo waza wafumana uqeqesho olongezelelweyo lokunyanga abantwana. Kufana nogqirha wabantwana, kodwa lo gqirha unako ukwenza utyando.

Ugqirha otyandayo ufana nogqirha oqhelekileyo onamandla angaphezulu. Loo mandla kukukwazi ukunyanga izifo ezahlukeneyo kwigumbi lotyando.

Kuthatha uqeqesho oluninzi, ulwazi, kunye nesakhono ukuze ube ngumntu onje. Kodwa ngumsebenzi owanelisayo kakhulu. Kuba akukho mihla mibini ifanayo. Kusoloko kukho imingeni emitsha, amava amatsha.

Okokugqibela, izinto ekufuneka uzikhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Kulungile, ngoko ke ndicinga ukuba ngoku unombono olungileyo ngogqirha wotyando jikelele.

• Ugqirha otyandayo jikelele ngugqirha oqeqeshiweyo oqeqeshwe ukwenza utyando oluninzi. Alupheleli nje kwilungu elinye lomzimba.
• Zinyanga izinto ezininzi, ezifana neengxaki zesisu, iingozi, iithumba zamabele, kunye ne-hernias.
• Banyamekela isigulana ngaphambi, ngexesha, nasemva kotyando.
• Banokwenza utyando besebenzisa iindlela ezintsha ezifana ne-'Endoscopy' kunye ne-'Laparoscopy', besebenzisa iindlela ezincinci zokusika.
• Ukuba ngugqirha wotyando oluqhelekileyo kufuna imfundo noqeqesho olubanzi.
• Ukuba udinga utyando, ugqirha wakho angakuthumela kugqirha otyandayo. Ungakhathazeki, bakulungele ukukunceda.

Ukuba uneminye imibuzo, thetha nogqirha wakho. Hlala usempilweni!

Ugqirha , Ugqirha Jikelele, utyando, utyando, unyango, ukuxilongwa, Ugqirha Jikelele