Izinto ekufuneka uzazi malunga neDown Syndrome

Xa ugqirha ekuxelela ukuba umntwana wakho uneDown Syndrome, ungaziva uloyiko olukhulu kunye nokothuka. Oko kuqhelekile kakhulu. Imibuzo efana nokuthi "Ndenze ntoni ngoku?" kunye nokuthi "Liza kuba njani ikamva lomntwana wam?" mhlawumbi iyaqhubeka engqondweni yakho. Ungakhathazeki. Siza kuthetha ngayo yonke into ngendlela elula kakhulu onokuyiqonda. Xa ugqiba ukufunda eli nqaku, uya kuba uyiqonda ngcono le meko.

Ngamafutshane, yintoni i-Down syndrome?

Kulungile, ukuze siqonde oku, masiqale ngento esisiseko emzimbeni wethu. Umzimba wethu wenziwe zizigidi zeeseli ezincinci. Ngaphakathi kwezi seli kukho iseti "yemiyalelo" equlethe lonke ulwazi malunga nendlela umzimba wethu omele usebenze ngayo, inkangeleko yethu, ubude bethu, kunye nombala wamehlo ethu. Kwizonyango, ezi ncwadi zemiyalelo sizibiza ngokuba ziichromosomes .

Ngokwesiqhelo, iseli nganye kumntu ophilileyo inezibini ezingama-23 zezi chromosomes, nto leyo eyenza iichromosomes ezingama-46 zizonke . Okwenzekayo kumntwana one-Down syndrome kukuba kukho ikopi eyongezelelweyo yechromosome 21. Oku kuthetha ukuba iiseli zomntwana zine -chromosomes ezingama-47 endaweni ye-46.

Ingaba kukho isizathu esithile sale meko? Ngubani osengozini enkulu?

Lo ngumbuzo abazali abaninzi abawubuzayo. "Ingaba le yingxaki yethu?" bayazibuza. Kakade akunjalo. I-Down syndrome ayibangelwa yiyo nantoni na abazali abayenzileyo ngaphambi okanye ngexesha lokukhulelwa. Yenzeka phantse ngamaxesha athile. Oko kukuthi, yenzeka ngengozi ngexesha lokwahlukana kweeseli okwenzeka xa isidoda neqanda zidibana ngexesha lokukhulelwa.

Nangona kunjalo, uphando lufumanise ukuba umngcipheko wokuba nomntwana one-Down syndrome uyanda kancinci njengoko iminyaka kamama isanda . Lo mngcipheko uphezulu ngakumbi kubasetyhini abaneminyaka engaphezu kwama-35. Nangona kunjalo, oku akuthethi ukuba le meko ayifumaneki koomama abangaphantsi kweminyaka engama-35. Enyanisweni, ngenxa yokuba abafazi abangaphantsi kweminyaka engama-35 bazala abantwana abaninzi, uninzi lwabantwana abane-Down syndrome luzalelwa koomama abangaphantsi kweminyaka engama-35.

Ziziphi iimpawu eziqhelekileyo zomntwana one-Down syndrome?

Abantwana abane-Down syndrome baneempawu ezithile ezifanayo zomzimba, ingqondo, kunye nokuziphatha. Nangona kunjalo, ayizizo zonke ezi mpawu ezikhoyo kumntwana ngamnye.Sikwamele sikhumbule ukuba uhlobo lwezo mpawu lunokwahluka kumntwana ngamnye.

Ukongeza kwezi mpawu, ezinye iingxaki zempilo zinokuvela njengoko umntwana ekhula. Umzekelo, usulelo lwendlebe, iingxaki zokubona, iingxaki zamazinyo, i-obstructive sleep apnea, kwaye abanye abantwana banokuba nesifo sentliziyo sokuzalwa . Ngoko ke, ugqirha uya kubajonga rhoqo aba bantwana.

Kukho iintlobo ezintathu eziphambili ze-Down syndrome.

I-Down syndrome yahlulwe yaba ziintlobo ezintathu eziphambili, kuxhomekeke ekubeni loo chromosome engaphezulu yama-21 ifumaneka njani kwiiseli.

1. I-Trisomy 21: Olu lolona hlobo luxhaphakileyo . Luchaphazela ama-95% abantu abane-Down syndrome. Olu hlobo lubonakala ngokubakho kweekopi ezintathu ze-chromosome 21 kwiseli nganye yomzimba, endaweni yezimbini.

2. I-Translocation Down Syndrome: Oku kunqabile kancinci. Malunga ne-4% yezigulana ze-Down syndrome zilolu hlobo. Okwenzekayo apha kukuba yonke okanye inxalenye ye-chromosome eyongezelelweyo 21 ifudukela kwenye i-chromosome ize izincamathele.

3. I-Mosaic Down Syndrome: Olu lolona hlobo lungaqhelekanga (ngaphantsi kwe-1%). Okwenzekayo apha kukuba i-chromosome engaphezulu kwama-21 ikhona kuphela kwezinye iiseli zomzimba. Ezinye iiseli zihlala zine-chromosome ezingama-46. Ngenxa yoku, iimpawu zaba bantwana zinokuba ngaphantsi kancinci kunesiqhelo.

Ungayibona njani le meko?

I-Down syndrome inokufunyanwa ngaphambi okanye emva kokuzalwa.

Ngaphambi kokuba umntwana azalwe (ngexesha lokukhulelwa)

Kukho iintlobo ezimbini zovavanyo ezenziwa ngexesha lokukhulelwa.

• Uvavanyo Lokuhlola: Olu vavanyo lusetyenziselwa ukufumanisa umngcipheko wokuba umntwana abe ne-Down syndrome. Oku kwenziwa ngovavanyo lwegazi oluvela kumama kunye ne-ultrasound scan. Olu vavanyo lulinganisa izinto ezifana nobungakanani bolwelo olusemva kwentamo yomntwana. Ukuba olu vavanyo lubonisa ukuba kukho umngcipheko, uya kuthunyelwa kuvavanyo olongezelelweyo ukuqinisekisa oko.
• Uvavanyo lokuxilonga: Olu vavanyo luchaneke ngokupheleleyo ekuqinisekiseni ukuba umntwana une-Down syndrome. Uvavanyo oluphambili lwale nto yi -Amniocentesis kunye ne -Chorionic Villus Sampling (CVS) . Oku kuquka ukuthatha isampuli encinci yolwelo lwe-amniotic okanye i-placenta ejikeleze umntwana kunye nokuvavanya ii-chromosomes.

Emva kokuba umntwana ezelwe

Kwangoko nje umntwana ezelwe, oogqirha baza kuhlola inkangeleko yomzimba yomntwana. Baza kukhangela iimpawu eziqhelekileyo esizixubushile ngaphambili. Ukuba kurhanelwa ukuba une-Down syndrome, kwenziwa uvavanyo lwegazi olubizwa ngokuba yi-karyotype ukuqinisekisa oko. Isampuli yegazi elincinci elithathwe kumntwana linokuhlolwa phantsi kwe-microscope ukuqinisekisa ukuba kukho ikopi eyongezelelweyo ye-chromosome 21.

Unyango kunye nenkxaso - ungamnceda njani umntwana?

I-Down syndrome ayisiyongxaki inganyangekiyo ngokupheleleyo. Yimeko yobomi bonke. Nangona kunjalo, ngonyango olufanelekileyo, unyango, kunye nenkxaso yothando, umntwana unokuncedwa ukuba aphile ubomi obonwabisayo nobunempilo kangangoko kunokwenzeka.

Iindlela zonyango ziquka:

• Unyango Lomzimba: Lunceda ukuqinisa izihlunu nokuphucula izakhono zokuhambahamba ezifana nokuhamba nokudada.
• Unyango Lomsebenzi: Luphuhlisa izakhono ezifunekayo ukuze ukwazi ukwenza imisebenzi yemihla ngemihla ngokulula, njengokuzinxibisa, ukutya, nokubamba ipeni.
• Unyango lokuthetha: Lukunceda uthethe ngokucacileyo, uqonde oko kuthethwa ngabanye, kwaye uveze izimvo zakho.
• Iinkqubo zemfundo ekhethekileyo: Imisebenzi yokufundisa iqhutywa esikolweni ngendlela efanela ubuchule bomntwana bokufunda.
• Unyango lwezinye iingxaki zempilo: Ukuba kukho naziphi na iimeko ezifana nesifo sentliziyo okanye iingxaki ze-thyroid, nika unyango olufunekayo.

Amanqaku akhethekileyo ekufuneka aqwalaselwe malunga nempilo yomntwana

Abantwana abane-Down syndrome basengozini enkulu yeengxaki ezithile zempilo, ngoko ke kubalulekile ukukwazi oku.

• Isifo sentliziyo: Abantwana abaninzi banokuba nesifo sentliziyo abazalwa naso. Abanye babo badinga utyando.
• Iingxaki ze-thyroid: Amanqanaba e-thyroid anokuba phantsi okanye aphezulu.
• Iingxaki zenkqubo yokugaya ukutya: Iimeko ezifana nokuqhina kwesisu kunye ne-gastritis zixhaphakile.
• Isifo sika-Alzheimer: Abantu abane-Down syndrome basengozini enkulu yokufumana isifo sika-Alzheimer, isifo esibangela ukulahlekelwa yinkumbulo, njengoko bekhula. Kufunyenwe ukuba i-gene kwi-chromosome 21 ibandakanyeka koku.

Ngoko ke, kubalulekile ukufumana iingcebiso zonyango rhoqo malunga nophuhliso nempilo yomntwana.

Inkxaso eniyifumanayo njengabazali

Musa ukulwa wedwa neemvakalelo ozivayo xa ufumanisa ukuba umntwana wakho une-Down syndrome. Awuwedwa.

• Oogqirha kunye neengcali zonyango: Nxibelelana neqela lezempilo lomntwana wakho. Buza imibuzo.
• Ingcebiso: Ungacela ingcebiso ukuze uthethe ngezinto ozixhalabileyo nezikuxhalabisayo.
• Amaqela eNkxaso: Joyina abanye abazali babantwana abaneDown syndrome. Ungafunda lukhulu kumava abo. Kwakhona kuyakhuthaza ukwazi ukuba awuwedwa ohamba kolu hambo.

Ukunyamekela umntwana one-Down syndrome kunokuba ngumceli mngeni. Kodwa kukwayinto etshintsha ubomi kwaye ikwayindlela yothando. Aba bantwana banothando kakhulu kwaye bafuna ukonwaba. Ngenkxaso efanelekileyo, nabo banokuya esikolweni, benze abahlobo, bafumane umsebenzi, kwaye baphile ubomi obuphumelelayo.