Ngaba umntwana wakho unengxaki yokubhala? Singathetha ngale dysgraphia?

Ngaba wakha waphawula ukuba umntwana wakho usemva kancinci kwabanye abantwana kumsebenzi wesikolo, ingakumbi xa kufikwa ekubhaleni? Xa ubona izinto ezinje ngokungakwazi kwabo ukubhala kakuhle, ukucotha kwabo xa bebhala, okanye ukungafuni kwabo ukubhala konke konke, unokucinga, "Lo mntwana akazami ngokwaneleyo." Kodwa akusoloko kusenzeka ubuvila. Isenokuba yimeko ebizwa ngokuba yi-dysgraphia.

Yintoni iDysgraphia? Masiyiqonde ngokulula!

Ngamafutshane, i-dysgraphia yimeko yemithambo-luvo ebangela ukuba umntu abe nobunzima bokubeka iingcinga zakhe ngamazwi aze azibhale phantsi. Oku akubangelwa bubudala bakhe, ubukrelekrele, okanye ukungakwazi ukufunda. I-Dysgraphia ithathwa "njengomahluko ekufundeni."

Cinga ngendlela entsonkothileyo ngayo inkqubo yokubhala. Ifuna ukubandakanyeka kwamacandelo ahlukeneyo obuchopho bethu kunye nezakhono ezahlukeneyo.

• Izakhono zokusebenzisa imisipha emincinci: Oku kubhekisa kubuchule bokusebenzisa izihlunu ezincinci kwiminwe ukubamba ipensile okanye ipeni, nokubhala ngesandla esihle.
• Ukuqonda indawo: Oku kuthetha ukuqonda indawo ephakathi koonobumba namagama. Ukukwazi ukubhala ngokuthe ngqo emgceni nokulawula indawo ephepheni.
• Inkumbulo esebenzayo: Oku kuthetha ukukhumbula okusengqondweni yakho kwaye ungakulibali ude ukubhale phantsi. Oku kukunceda udibanise ingcamango ukusuka ekuqaleni ukuya ekupheleni xa ubhala isivakalisi.
• Ukubhalwa kwekhowudi yokubhala amagama: Nangona oku kunokubonakala kunzima kancinci, kuthetha nje ukukwazi ukukhumbula iimilo zoonobumba, amanani, kunye neempawu kwaye uzikhumbule xa kufuneka.
• Ukucubungula ulwimi: Ukuqonda ulwimi kunye nokwenza amagama nezivakalisi.
• Ukucinga: Inkqubo yokucwangcisa iingcamango engqondweni yakho zibe yinto enokubhalwa phantsi.
• Ulungelelwaniso: Ukulungiselela oko kubhaliweyo ngendlela ehlelekileyo nenentsingiselo.

Ezininzi zezi zinto ziyadibana ukuze zisenze sibhale kakuhle nangokucacileyo. Ngoko ke, umntu one-dysgraphia unokuba nobunzima ngenye okanye ngaphezulu kwezi. Yiyo loo nto ngamanye amaxesha kunokuba nzima kancinci ukufumanisa esi sifo.

I-Dysgraphia idla ngokuvela xa abantwana beqala ukubhala. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi -developmental dysgraphia . Ngamanye amaxesha ingavela emva kokwenzakala ngequbuliso, njengokwenzakala entloko. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-acquired dysgraphia .

Le meko ingena kudidi "lwengxaki yokufunda ethile" - ngokuthe ngqo, "ingxaki yokufunda ethile ekubhalweni."

Ngaba i-dysgraphia yinxalenye ye-dyslexia?

Hayi. I-Dyslexia kunye ne-dysgraphia ziimeko ezimbini ezahlukeneyo ze-neurological. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yokuba ezinye zeempawu ziyafana kwaye ngamanye amaxesha ezi meko zimbini zinokudibana, abantu badla ngokubhidanisa ezi zimbini.

I-Dyslexia yingxaki yokufunda. Umntu one-dyslexia uthatha ixesha elide ukufunda, unobunzima bokuqonda amagama, kwaye ufunda kwinqanaba eliphantsi kunoko bekulindelwe. Basenokuba nobunzima bokwahlukanisa amagama abe zizandi kunye nokudibanisa oonobumba nezandi.

I-Dysgraphia yingxaki ngenkqubo yokubhala. Ingaqala kubunzima bokubhala ngesandla ukuya kubunzima bokuhlela nokubhala izimvo.

Ngaba i-Dysgraphia yimeko ye-autism?

I-Dysgraphia ayiyonxalenye ye-Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Nangona kunjalo, abantu abaninzi abane-autism nabo bane-dysgraphia. Nangona kunjalo, kunokwenzeka ukuba ne-dysgraphia ngaphandle kwe-autism.

Ingxaki ye-Autism spectrum (ASD) yimeko yophuhliso lwe-neurodevelopmental ebandakanya ikakhulu:

• Utshintsho kunye nobunzima kunxibelelwano lwentlalo.
• Ukuphazamiseka kwindlela abantu abasebenzisana ngayo nabanye abantu.
• Ukuziphatha okulinganiselweyo, okuphindaphindwayo, izinto onomdla kuzo, okanye imisebenzi.
• Imiba ebuthathaka.

Ungazibona iimpawu ezifana nezi.

Ngubani onokufumana le meko? Ixhaphake kangakanani?

I-Dysgraphia inokuchaphazela abantwana kunye nabantu abadala. Njengezinye iimeko ezininzi zophuhliso lwe-neurodevelopmental, i-dysgraphia ixhaphake kancinci kubafana.

Ukuba kukho umntu kusapho lwakho onayo le meko, kusenokwenzeka ukuba ube ne-dysgraphia. I-Dysgraphia ikwaxhaphakile kubantwana abane-autism spectrum disorder (ASD) kunye/okanye i-attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).

I-Dysgraphia yimeko eqhelekileyo kakhulu. Abaphandi baqikelela ukuba phakathi kwe-5% kunye ne-20% yabemi banokuba nale meko. Isizathu sokuba olu luhlu lube lukhulu kangaka kukuba i-dysgraphia idla ngokuchongwa gwenxa okanye ichongwe gwenxa njengenye imeko.

Uyazi njani ukuba une-dysgraphia? Zithini iimpawu?

Umntu one-dysgraphia unokuba neengxaki ezahlukeneyo zokubhala. Okumangalisayo kukuba, banokuthetha ngokulula nangokutyibilikayo kunokuba bebhala. Basenokuba neengxaki ngezinto ezifana nezi:

• Ukungakwazi ukubumba oonobumba kunye/okanye ukubhala ngokucacileyo.
• Ubungakanani befonti kunye nesithuba.
• Upelo.
• Ukulungelelaniswa kwemisipha kakuhle.
• Isantya sokubhala.
• Igrama.
• Ulwakhiwo.

Nazi ezinye iindlela ezithile apho i-dysgraphia inokuzibonakalisa khona:

• Ubunzima bokubhala kumgca othe tye.
• Ubunzima bokubamba nokulawula isixhobo sokubhala (ipensile, ipeni) ngokufanelekileyo.
• Ukubhala oonobumba ngasemva (umz. ukubhala u-'d' endaweni ka-'b').
• Ubunzima bokukhumbula indlela oonobumba abakhiwa ngayo.
• Ukungakwazi ukuqonda apho oonobumba abakhulu kunye noonobumba abancinci basetyenziswa khona.
• Ubunzima bokubhala izivakalisi ezinegrama kunye neziphumlisi ezichanekileyo.
• Ukushiya amagama kwizivakalisi.
• Ukubeka amagama ngokulandelelana okungafanelekanga kwisivakalisi.
• Ukusetyenziswa gwenxa kwezenzi kunye nezimelabizo.

Kubalulekile: Ukuba nenye okanye ezimbini kwezi mpawu akuthethi ukuba umntu une-dysgraphia. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba umntwana wakho unengxaki yokufunda izakhono ezisisiseko ezifunekayo ukuze abhale ngendlela efanelekileyo kubudala bakhe, kubalulekile ukuba avavanywe ukuze kubonwe ukuba ufuna uncedo olukhethekileyo na.

Yintoni ebangela i-dysgraphia?

Izazinzulu kunye neengcali ze-neurologists azikayazi eyona nto ibangela i-developmental dysgraphia. Njengoko besitshilo ngaphambili, ukubhala yinkqubo enzima kakhulu. Ibandakanya iindawo ezininzi ezahlukeneyo zobuchopho bethu. Nangona kunjalo, ekubeni le meko ibonakala ngathi ihamba kwiintsapho, kubonakala ngathi kukho unxibelelwano lwemfuza.

Ungazi njani ngokuqinisekileyo ukuba une-dysgraphia?

Incwadi ethi Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, uhlelo lwesi-5 (DSM-5) ibandakanya i-dysgraphia phantsi koluhlu "lokukhubazeka kokufunda okuthile," kodwa ayichazi ukuba yingxaki eyahlukileyo. Ayiboneleli nangeekhrayitheriya ezithile zokuxilongwa. Oku kwenza kube nzima ukufumanisa i-dysgraphia—kodwa akunakwenzeka.

Njengakwi-dyslexia, uvavanyo lomntwana wakho lwe-dysgraphia luya kuqwalasela ngononophelo oku kulandelayo:

• Amandla nobuthathaka bomntwana ekufundeni.
• Imbali yemfundo.
• Ubunzima bokubhala.
• Zithini iingxaki zokubhala?
• Indlela ukulungiswa okujoliswe kuko kunye nenkxaso eziye zayichaphazela ngayo inqanaba lemfundo yomntwana ngoku.

Oogqirha banokunika uxilongo lwezonyango nge-dysgraphia. Oku kunokufuna iqela leengcali, ezinje:

• Iingcali zonyango emsebenzini
• Iingcali zonyango lomzimba
• Iingcali zonyango lwentetho
• Iingcali zengqondo

Isikolo somntwana wakho singasebenzisa iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokufaneleka ukungenelela kwangethuba okanye iinkqubo zemfundo ekhethekileyo.

Umntwana ufanele ahlolwe nini i-dysgraphia?

Kudla ngokuba ngcono ukuvavanya umahluko ekufundeni kuqala. Ukuba i-dysgraphia ifunyaniswa kwangethuba, umntwana wakho unokufunda iindlela ezintsha zokubhala ngokukhawuleza. Ngokuxhomekeke kwindlela i-dysgraphia emchaphazela ngayo umntwana, iimpawu zale meko zinokubonakala zisemncinci njengeminyaka emi-5 okanye zisemncinci.

Njengoko inani lokubhala esikolweni lisanda njengoko sikhula, kubalulekile ukuchonga i-dysgraphia kwangethuba. Kubalulekile nokukhumbula ukuba akukaze kube kudala ukufumana uxilongo noncedo.

Isikolo somntwana wakho sinokucebisa ukuba kuhlolwe iingxaki zokufunda yingcali yezengqondo yezemfundo eqinisekisiweyo. Cela uncedo kulawulo lwesikolo ekufumaneni umntu onokumfikelela.

Ziziphi iimvavanyo ezisetyenziselwa ukuxilonga i-dysgraphia?

Akukho vavanyo lwezonyango lufunekayo ukuze kufunyanwe i-dysgraphia, kwaye akukho vavanyo lukhoyo okwangoku. Endaweni yoko, oogqirha benza uxilongo ngokusekelwe kuvavanyo olupheleleyo lobunzima bokubhala bomntwana wakho. Iingcali zemfundo nazo zenza uvavanyo ukuze zichonge ukufaneleka kweenkqubo ezikhethekileyo.

Oogqirha banokusebenzisa uvavanyo olufana nolu ngexesha lenkqubo yokuxilonga:

• Uvavanyo lokubhala ngesandla olusemthethweni: Olu vavanyo lunceda ekulinganiseni isantya kunye nokucaca kokubhala komntwana wakho.
• Uvavanyo loPhuhliso lweBeery lweVisuomotor Integration (VMI): Olu vavanyo lunceda ekuvavanyeni ukuba umntwana unokudibanisa kangakanani izakhono zokubona (zokubona) kunye nezakhono zomzimba (iintshukumo zomzimba) ezifunekayo ekubhaleni.

Ngenxa yokuba ezi mvavanyo azivavanyi zonke iinkalo ze-dysgraphia, iqela lemfundo lomntwana wakho lidla ngokuxhomekeka kwiindlela ezongezelelweyo zokuchonga i-dysgraphia. Ngokuxhomekeke kumntwana wakho kunye nomahluko ekufundeni kwakhe, uphando olunzulu lunokwenziwa.

Ungayilawula njani i-dysgraphia?

Ngenxa yokuba i-dysgraphia ineempawu ezahlukeneyo kwaye ichaphazela umntu ngamnye ngokwahlukileyo, indlela elawulwa ngayo i-dysgraphia yahluka kakhulu kumntu nomntu.

Okwangoku, akukho mayeza okunyanga i-dysgraphia. Endaweni yoko, ukungenelela kwezemfundo kunokufundisa iindlela ezintsha nezisebenzayo zokubhala.

Ngokubanzi, ukungenelela kwezemfundo kunokwahlulwahlulwa ngokwala manqanaba:

• Indawo yokuhlala: Le yinkonzo evumela umntwana wakho ukuba afikelele kwikharityhulam engundoqo ngaphandle kokutshintsha umxholo wekharityhulam. Ngamafutshane, ibandakanya ukubonelela ngenkqubo yenkxaso enceda umntwana wakho afunde ngaphandle kokutshintsha ikharityhulam. Umzekelo, ukunika umntwana wakho ixesha elingakumbi lokubhala, okanye ukusebenzisa ikhompyutha endaweni yokubhala.
• Utshintsho: Isikolo somntwana wakho siya kulungelelanisa iinjongo kunye neenjongo zomntwana, kwaye sinike iinkonzo zokunciphisa impembelelo ye-dysgraphia. Umzekelo, ukuvumela umntwana wakho ukuba aphendule imibuzo ngomlomo endaweni yeempendulo ezibhaliweyo kwiimvavanyo.
• Unyango: Isikolo somntwana wakho siya kubonelela ngeendlela ezithile zokungenelela ukunciphisa ubunzima be-dysgraphia yakhe. Oku kubandakanya ukusebenzisa imithambo kunye nemisebenzi ekhethekileyo ukuphucula izakhono zakhe zokubhala.

Ukuqinisekisa ukuba umntwana wakho ufumana imfundo ayifaneleyo, kubaluleke kakhulu ukummela umntwana wakho nokusebenzisana nesikolo.

Ngaba i-dysgraphia ingathintelwa?

Ngelishwa, i-dysgraphia ayinakuthintelwa. Nangona kunjalo, inokulawulwa ngokufumana iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokubhala.

Ukuxilongwa kwangoko kubalulekile – ukuba umntwana wakho ubonisa iimpawu zokuqala ze-dysgraphia, thetha nogqirha womntwana wakho. Ukuba umntwana wakho ufunyaniswe ene-dysgraphia, sebenzisana nesikolo ukuze uphuhlise iSicwangciso seMfundo esiHlanganisiweyo (IEP) .

Iyintoni imbono ye-dysgraphia?

Ukuba i-dysgraphia ayifunyaniswanga, kunokuba nzima ukuba abantwana baphumelele esikolweni. Ukubhala sisakhono esibalulekileyo semfundo esinxulunyaniswa nempumelelo iyonke yezemfundo.

Abantwana abanengxaki yokubhala badla ngokubizwa ngokuba “bangcolile” okanye “bayavila” endaweni yokuba babonwe njengabantu abangakwaziyo ukufunda. Ngenxa yoko, umntwana one-dysgraphia unokuba neengxaki zokuzihlonipha aze azive ngathi akanangqondo. Inkxaso entle evela kubantu abathandayo nakootitshala inokunceda umntwana ukuba oyise le miqobo.

Kuthetha ukuthini ukuphila ne-dysgraphia?

Ukuba ne-dysgraphia akuthethi nje ukuba unobunzima bokubhala, kodwa kuthetha ukuba wenaAsikuko ukuba awunabuchule okanye ulivila. Ukufumana iindlela zokunceda ukulawula i-dysgraphia kubalulekile ekufundeni impumelelo nasekuzithembeni kwakho. Qonda ukuba ukuba ne-dysgraphia akuthethi ukuba awunangqondo.

Unokunceda njani umntwana one-dysgraphia?

Mthethelele umntwana wakho. Wena nesikolo somntwana wakho ningasebenzisana ekwenzeni iSicwangciso seMfundo esiHlanganisiweyo (i-IEP). Olu xwebhu luchaza izinto ezilindelweyo kunye nezicwangciso zezifundo ezenzelwe umntwana wakho esikolweni.

Kwakhona, unokunceda ukuphucula izakhono zokubhala zomntwana wakho ekhaya.

• Zama ukusebenzisa izixhobo ezenza ukubhala kube lula, ezifana nokubamba iipensile.
• Khangela ii-apps okanye isoftware enceda ngokubhala ngesandla.
• Sebenzisa abaququzeleli bemizobo ukunceda ngemisebenzi yokubhala.

Ukuba wena okanye utitshala womntwana wakho nicinga ukuba umntwana wakho unengxaki yokufunda efana ne-dysgraphia, ungafumana uncedo. I-Dysgraphia yimeko yemithambo-luvo enokulawulwa. Thetha nogqirha womntwana wakho, utitshala, okanye umphathi wesikolo ukuze ufumane iindlela zokunceda ukuphucula izakhono zokubhala zomntwana wakho.

Izinto ezibalulekileyo ekufuneka sizikhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

• I-Dysgraphia yimeko yokwenyani, ayikuko ukukruquka okanye ukungabi namdla. Asikuko ukuba umntwana akathandi ukubhala ngabom, kodwa kukuba ngumceli mngeni wokwenene kuye.
• Ukuchonga umntwana kwangethuba kunye noncedo kubaluleke kakhulu. Okukhona umntwana efumana inkxaso ayidingayo ngokukhawuleza, kokukhona eya kukwazi ukufunda ngempumelelo xa enale meko.
• Oku akunanto yakwenza nobukrelekrele bomntwana. Abantwana abane-dysgraphia banokuba krelekrele kakhulu. Banengxaki yokubhala.
• Umntwana wakho udinga uthando lwakho, inkxaso kunye nokuqonda. Ukumkhuthaza nokuxabisa imizamo yakhe kuya kuba negalelo elikhulu ekwakheni ukuzithemba kwakhe.
• Funa inkxaso yeengcali. Ungafunda ngeendlela kunye nemithambo efanelekileyo kumntwana wakho kubantu abafana neengcali zemfundo kunye neengcali zemfundo.
• Sebenzisana ngokusondeleyo nesikolo. Nika umntwana izibonelelo kunye nenkxaso efunekayo esikolweni nge-'IEP'.

Nangona i-dysgraphia inzima, ngenkxaso kunye neendlela ezifanelekileyo, umntwana unokuba nekamva eliphumelelayo. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba umntwana azive ukuba ukulungele ukumxhasa.

I- Dysgraphia, ubunzima bokubhala, ukukhubazeka kokufunda, imfundo yabantwana, uphuhliso lwemithambo-luvo, ukubhala ngesandla, inkxaso yemfundo