Ngaba umthambo wegazi emzimbeni wakho ungavaleka ngequbuliso? Masithethe nge-Embolism!

Ngaba wakha wazibuza ukuba kuya kwenzeka ntoni ukuba umthambo wegazi emzimbeni wethu uvalwe yinto ethile ngequbuliso? Mhlawumbi oko akukenzeki kuwe. Kodwa, le yinto sonke ekufuneka siyazi. Kuba, umthambo wegazi uvalwe ngolu hlobo, imeko ebizwa ngokuba yi-Embolism, ngamanye amaxesha inokuba yingozi kakhulu. Ngoko ke, ngaba singathetha ngale nto ngokweenkcukacha nanamhlanje?

Yintoni i-embolism? Ngamafutshane...

Ngamafutshane, i-embolism iyenzeka xa omnye wemithambo yakho yegazi, okanye indawo apho igazi lihamba khona, uvalelwa yinto ethile. Ngokuqhelekileyo, oku kuvalelwa kubangelwa lihlwili legazi elenzeka kwenye indawo. Nangona kunjalo, ayikokuphela nje kwamahlwili egazi, kodwa nezinye izinto zinokuhamba ukusuka kwenye indawo emzimbeni ukuya kwenye zize zivale umthambo wegazi ngolu hlobo.

Cinga nje ngothuli olubhajwe kumbhobho wamanzi. Eminye imithambo yegazi, ngenxa yobukhulu bayo kunye nokuma kwayo, inamathuba amaninzi okuvaleka kuneminye. Oku kunokwenzeka ngakumbi apho umthambo wegazi omkhulu uqhekeka ube mncinci, okanye apho umthambo wegazi unciphile ngenxa yamafutha amaninzi (atherosclerosis).

Ezi embolisms zinokwenzeka naphi na emzimbeni wakho, kuquka ingqondo yakho, imiphunga, izintso, kunye ne-spleen. Uhlobo oluqhelekileyo lwe-embolism lukwimiphunga. Xa igazi liqhekeka emithanjeni yemilenze yakho lize liye emiphungeni yakho, libizwa ngokuba yi-pulmonary embolism, okanye i-PE .

Ziziphi iindlela ezahlukeneyo apho i-embolism inokwenzeka khona?

I-embolism inokwahlulwa ibe ziintlobo ezahlukeneyo ngokuxhomekeke ekubeni loluphi uhlobo lwento ebambekayo kwimithambo yegazi. Jonga:

• I-Thromboembolism: Olu lolona hlobo luqhelekileyo lwe-blood clot . Lubangelwa yi-blood clot eyenzeka kwenye indawo emzimbeni, ingakumbi kwimithambo enzulu yemilenze (Deep Vein Thrombosis - DVT).
• Ukuvaleka kwesisu: Into efana neqhekeza leseli yomhlaza.
• Ukuvaleka kwamafutha: Amafutha anokuqokelelana egazini ngexesha lokuqhekeka kwamathambo okukhulu.
• I-Septic embolism: Ihlwili legazi elinxulunyaniswa nosulelo.
• Ukuxhuzula komoya: Umzekelo, kunokubangelwa yigesi ye-nitrogen ngexesha lokuntywila.
• Ukuvaleka kolwelo oluphuma kwi-amniotic fluid: Oku kunxulunyaniswa nokuzala kwaye kunqabile kakhulu.

Kwezi, i-Venous Thromboembolism , eliyi-blood clot eyakha imithambo yegazi ize iyivale, ixhaphake kakhulu kune-arterial clots. Enyanisweni, kwilizwe elifana neMelika, kuxelwe ukuba malunga nabantu abangama-900,000 ngonyaka bahlaselwa yile meko. Kwakhona, i-Pulmonary Embolism yeyona nto yesithathu ebangela ukufa okunxulumene nentliziyo nemithambo yegazi ehlabathini. (Inombolo yokuqala neyesibini yiStroke kunye neHeart Attack).

Zithini iimpawu ze-embolism?

Ukuba i-embolism iyenzeka kumthambo wakho, ithintela ukuhamba kwegazi. Uyazi, igazi lithwala ioksijini efunekayo yiyo yonke iseli emzimbeni wethu. Ngoko ke, ukuba igazi alikwazi ukudlula, ioksijini ayinakudlula. Oku kunqongophala kweoksijini kubangela imeko ebizwa ngokuba yi-"infarct," eyonakalisa ilungu elifuna loo oksijini. Oku kunokubangela intlungu. Ngamanye amaxesha, oku kunqongophala kweoksijini kunokuba yingozi.

Khawucinge ngeqhubu legazi (i-thrombus) elenzeka kumthambo onzulu emlenzeni wakho, kwaye iziqwenga zalo ezincinci ziyaqhekeka zize zihambe negazi liye kwicala lasekunene lentliziyo yakho. Ukusuka apho, igazi liphonswa emiphungeni. La maqhubu amancinci egazi (i-pulmonary emboli) anamathela kwimithambo yegazi emincinci emiphungeni, nto leyo ebangela ukuba imiphunga ingasebenzi kakuhle. Amaxesha amaninzi, amakhulu (i-pulmonary emboli) anokuthintela ngokupheleleyo ukuhamba kwegazi okuqhelekileyo ukusuka kwicala lasekunene lentliziyo ukuya emiphungeni.

Iimpawu ze-embolism ziyahluka ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo kunye nendawo ye-embolism. Abanye abantu basenokungabi nazo kwaphela iimpawu. Nazi ezinye zeempawu:

• Ukuqhawukelwa ngumphefumlo
• Amanqanaba aphantsi e-oksijini egazini (i-Hypoxemia)
• Ukuphefumla ngokukhawuleza kodwa kungenanzulu (iTachypnea)
• Ubuthathaka, ukudinwa
• Intloko ebuhlungu
• Amabala abomvu eluswini (iPetechiae)
• Iintlungu zesifuba
• Ukubetha kwentliziyo ngokukhawuleza (iTachycardia)
• Ifiva
• Ukudumba engalweni okanye emlenzeni
• Ukuxhuzula
• I-Vertigo
• Ukuhlanza kunye nesicaphucaphu
• Uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphantsi (iHypotension)

Yintoni eyona nto ibangela i-embolism?

Amaxesha amaninzi, i-pulmonary embolism yenzeka emiphungeni. Eyona nto ibangela oku kukuqhekeka kwegazi kwimithambo yemilenze (Deep Vein Thrombosis - DVT) . Ngamanye amaxesha, i-pulmonary embolism inokwenzeka ngenxa ye-DVT kwimithambo enzulu yeengalo.

Kukho ezinye izizathu zokuba i-embolism yenzeke:

• Usulelo lwengaphakathi lentliziyo (i-infective endocarditis)
• I-Atrial fibrillation (ukubetha kwentliziyo okungaqhelekanga)
• I-thrombus ye-ventricular yasekhohlo
• Ithambo elaphukileyo kwingozi enkulu
• Umhlaza
• Iintsholongwane ezahlukeneyo
• I-Pancreatitis
• Ukususwa kwe-liposuction
• Ukufakelwa komongo wethambo
• Isifo seswekile sokukhulelwa
• I-Placenta accreta (ukunamathela nzulu kwe-placenta eludongeni lwesibeleko)

Ngubani osengozini enkulu yokuhlaselwa yile (embolism)?

Kukho izinto ezininzi ezibangela ukuba igazi lijiye (i-embolism) lihlale lingena egazini. Jonga ukuba kukho naziphi na kwezi zinto ezikubangelayo:

• Ukungawusebenzisi umzimba: Ukuhlala kwindawo enye ixesha elide kakhulu, ingakumbi emva kotyando.
• Utyando kunye nonyango oluthile: Emva kotyando olukhulu.
• Ukumelwa yintliziyo
• Istroke
• Umhlaza
• Ukulimala emzimbeni (Ukwenzakala)
• Uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu (uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu)
• Ukusetyenziswa kweemveliso zecuba (ukutshaya)
• Ukusetyenziswa kweepilisi zokulawula ukuzalwa
• Iimeko ezibangela ukuba igazi lijiye lula
• Ezinye izixhobo zonyango, ezifana nee-pacemakers

Ziziphi iingxaki ezinokubakho ngenxa ye-embolism?

Iingxaki ze-embolism ziyahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwindawo eyenzeka kuyo. Inokuba yingozi kakhulu. Nazi ezinye zeengxaki:

• Ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwengqondo, njengokulahlekelwa yinkumbulo
• Ukungahambi kakuhle kwentliziyo (i-Arrhythmia)
• Ukubanjwa kwe-cardiac
• Ukuhlaselwa yintliziyo
• Ukudumba kobuchopho
• Ukudumba kwepulmonary
• I-Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS)
• Ukulahlekelwa yingalo okanye umlenze
• Ithumba le-splenic
• Ukufa kwezicubu kwizintso, kwipleyini, okanye kwenye inxalenye yomzimba echaphazelekayo
• Ukubuyela kwegazi kwivalvu ye-Tricuspid (ukuphuma kwegazi kwakhona ngevalvu yentliziyo)
• Ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwezintso
• Ukumelwa yintliziyo
• Istroke
• Nokuba umntu angalahlekelwa bubomi kunokwenzeka.

Oko kuthetha ukuba, oku akuyonto yokuyithatha lula. Nangona ingabonakala ngathi yinto encinci, ukuba ayinyangwa ngexesha, inokukhokelela kwiingxaki ezisongela ubomi.

Ugqirha uyixilonga njani ngokuchanekileyo le nto (embolism)?

Ukuba uneempawu ze-embolism, ugqirha uza kuqala akuhlole. Ugqirha unokubona izinto ezifana notshintsho lolusu okanye ubunzima bokuphefumla. Ukuba kukho i-embolism ekrokrelwayo, angenza uvavanyo oluthile.

Ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo lwe-embolism, ezi mvavanyo zilandelayo zinokwenziwa:

• Uvavanyo lwegazi
• I-X-reyi yesifuba
• I-Doppler ultrasound - ukujonga ukuhamba kwegazi kwimithambo yegazi.
• I-ECG (i-Electrocardiogram - EKG) - Ijonga ukusebenza kwentliziyo.
• I-CT scan (i-Computed Tomography - i-CT scan)
• Uvavanyo lwe-MRA(I-Magnetic Resonance Angiogram - MRA)
• I-MRI (Umfanekiso weMagnetic Resonance)
• I-Angiogram - I-X-ray yemithambo yegazi emva kokufaka idayi.
• Uvavanyo lwe-ultrasound yentliziyo: (i-Transthoracic echocardiogram - TTE) kunye (i-Transesophageal echocardiogram - TEE)
• Ngamanye amaxesha kwenziwa i-biopsy ukuze kuhlolwe isiqwenga sethishu.

Ziziphi iindlela zonyango lwe-embolism?

Eyona njongo iphambili yonyango lwe-embolism kukususa ukuvaleka kwemithambo yegazi nokubuyisela ukuhamba kwegazi. Kwiimeko ezininzi, ukhetho lokuqala kukunyanga ngamayeza.

Nazi ezinye iindlela zonyango lwe-embolism:

• Ii-Anticoagulants : Sithi ezi "ziqinisa" igazi.
• I-Thrombolytics : Ezi zinyibilikisa ngokuthe ngqo ihlwili legazi kwaye zilisuse.
• Ii-antibiotics ze-Embolism
• Amayeza okwandisa ukusebenza kwentliziyo (ii-Inotropes)
• Unyango lwe-oksijini okanye unyango lwe-oksijini e-hyperbaric
• I-Embolectomy (ukususwa kwe-embolism ngotyando)

Kwiimeko ezinzima kakhulu, abantu abane-embolism banokufuna unyango olongezelelweyo lokuxhasa ubomi, olufana ne -CPR , i-ECMO (umatshini osebenza endaweni yentliziyo nemiphunga), kwanoomatshini bokubanceda baphefumle.

Ngaba kukho naziphi na iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zonyango?

Ewe, ngelishwa kunokubakho iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga. Kukho umngcipheko wokopha, ingakumbi ngamayeza abizwa ngokuba zii-anticoagulants kunye ne-thrombolytics. Xa ihlwili legazi lisuswa ngotyando (embolectomy), kunokubakho iingozi ezifana nezi:

• Ukonakala komthambo wegazi
• Ukopha
• Isantya sentliziyo esicothayo (iBradycardia)
• Uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphantsi (iHypotension)
• Ukubanjwa kwe-cardiac

Kwenzeka ntoni xa kukho i-embolism?

Abanye abantu abane-embolism basenokungabi nazo iimpawu konke konke, ngelixa abanye banokuba neempawu ezinzima kakhulu. Indlela onyangwa ngayo iya kuxhomekeka kwizinto ezininzi, kuquka ubungakanani kunye nobunzima be-embolism, kunye nokuba ivela phi.

I-Embolism yimeko esongela ubomi, ngoko ke ukuxilongwa kwangoko kunye nonyango olukhawulezileyo kunokunyusa amathuba akho okuchacha.

Singenza ntoni ukuthintela i-embolism?

Ewe, singakuthintela ezinye iintlobo ze-embolism. Ukuba usemngciphekweni we-embolism, ugqirha wakho unokucebisa oku kulandelayo:

• Xa uhamba imigama emide (njengokuhamba ngenqwelo moya okanye ngebhasi), vuka rhoqo emva kweeyure ezimbalwa uze uphakamise okanye wehlise amaqatha akho kancinci (ii-calf pumps).Oku kunokunceda ukugcina ukujikeleza kwegazi kakuhle emilenzeni.
• Amayeza okunciphisa igazi (Anticoagulants) .
• Ukusebenzisa iisokisi ezikhethekileyo zokucinezela.
• Isixhobo esifaka uxinzelelo emilenzeni (Isixhobo Soxinzelelo Lwe-Pneumatic Intermittent - isixhobo se-IPC) .
• Kwabanye abantu, isihluzo sinokufakwa kumthambo oyintloko othwala igazi ukusuka emzimbeni ongezantsi ukuya entliziyweni (isihluzo se-inferior vena cava) . Oku kuthintela amahlwili egazi ukuba angahambi aye entliziyweni nasemiphungeni.

Ndingazinyamekela njani ukuba ndifumana i-embolism?

Emva kwe-embolism, unokufuna ukulungiswa ukuze uphile. Oku kungenxa yokuba i-embolism isenokuba yonakele kwiindawo ezifana nengqondo okanye imiphunga yakho. Lo monakalo wenzeka ngenxa yokuba i-embolism ivale ioksijini kuloo malungu okanye kuloo ndawo.

Ndifanele ndimbone nini ugqirha?

Ukuba uneempawu ze-embolism, kufuneka ufune uncedo lwezonyango ngokukhawuleza. Musa ukulibazisa.

Emva kwe-embolism, kuya kufuneka uqhubeke ubona ugqirha wakho kwaye ulandele imiyalelo yakhe. Ingakumbi ukuba uthatha amayeza afana ne-anticoagulants, ugqirha wakho uya kujonga ukuba uwathatha ngokuchanekileyo na kwaye umngcipheko wakho wokopha utshintshile.

Ndingayibuza yiphi imibuzo ugqirha?

Ungabuza ugqirha wakho imibuzo efana nale:

• Kutheni ndifumene oku (embolism)?
• Ngawaphi amathuba okuchacha ngokwemeko yam?
• Yeyiphi indlela engcono yonyango kum?
• Ndingenza ntoni ukuthintela ukuba i-embolism efana nale ingaphindi yenzeke kwakhona?

Ngamafutshane (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Kuqhelekile ukuba uzive ukhathazekile ngemeko ebizwa ngokuba yi-embolism, kuba inokuba yingozi ebomini. Yiyo loo nto kubaluleke kakhulu ukufumana unyango ngokukhawuleza. Ukuba uneempawu ze-embolism, funa uncedo lwezonyango ngokukhawuleza. Emva konyango, fumana inkxaso kusapho lwakho nakubahlobo bakho. Ukuba ukhathazekile okanye ukhathazekile ngokuba ne-embolism enye, thetha nomcebisi. Awuwedwa, kwaye ungoyiki ukucela uncedo.

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