Ngaba kukho ingxaki ngaphakathi kwemithambo yegazi yakho? Masifunde nge-Endothelial Dysfunction.

Ngaba wakha wacinga ngokubaluleka kwemithambo yegazi emizimbeni yethu? Ifana neendlela ezincinci ezithwala imiyalezo kunye nezondlo emizimbeni yethu yonke. Ngoko ke kwenzeka ntoni ukuba kukho ubuthathaka kwilayini ethambileyo ngaphakathi kwezi ndlela, ebizwa ngokuba yi-endothelium? Yiloo nto siyibiza ngokuba yi-"Endothelial Dysfunction". Makhe sithethe ngale nto kancinci, kulungile?

Yintoni i-Endothelial Dysfunction?

Ngamafutshane, i-Endothelial Dysfunction iyenzeka xa umaleko omncinci weeseli ngaphakathi kwemithambo yegazi yakho ebizwa ngokuba yi-endothelium ungasebenzi kakuhle. Ezi seli ze-endothelial zihlala zinceda ukugcina imithambo yegazi yakho ivulekile (ivuleke) xa kufuneka. Kodwa xa oku kungasebenzi kakuhle, kwenzeka okwahlukileyo. Oko kukuthi, imithambo yegazi iqala ukufinyela ize inciphe.

Cinga ngayo njengombhobho wamanzi. Ukuba ulwelo olungaphakathi alulunganga, kuya kuba nzima ukuba amanzi adlule, akunjalo? Yiyo loo nto kunjalo. Isizathu esiphambili sale meko yimeko ebizwa ngokuba yi-"Vasospasm" enxulumene nemithambo yentliziyo. Kule meko, nangona kungekho nto ivalekileyo ngaphakathi kwimithambo yakho yentliziyo, imithambo iba mxinwa. Kwakhona, "Ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwe-Endothelial" kwandisa umngcipheko we-"Atherosclerosis", okukukubekwa kwamafutha eludongeni lwemithambo kunye nokunciphisa imithambo.

Ngoko ke yintoni indima yale endothelium?

Yonke imithambo yegazi emzimbeni wethu (oko kukuthi imithambo yegazi, imithambo yegazi, ii-capillaries) ingaphakathi igcwele umaleko omnye weeseli ezibizwa ngokuba zii-endothelial cells. Ubusazi, le endothelium yenye yezona nkqubo zinkulu zomzimba wethu!

Iiseli ze-Endothelial zikhupha izinto ezahlukeneyo. Ezi zinto zilawula ukuvulwa nokuvalwa kwemithambo yegazi (oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-"Vascular Tone"). Le "Vascular Tone" imisela uxinzelelo lwethu lwegazi, kunye nokuba intliziyo inzima kangakanani ukupompa igazi.

Ayisiyiyo loo nto kuphela, kodwa i-endothelium yakho ngokwayo yenza neminye imisebenzi emininzi ebalulekileyo:

• Ilawula ulwelo kunye nee-electrolytes egazini lakho.
• Inceda ukujiya kwegazi xa kufuneka.
• Ithintela iityhefu ukuba zingangeni kwizicwili.
• Ilawula ukudumba kwizicubu.

Khawucinge nje ukuba olu maleko luncinci lweeseli lusebenza kangakanani emzimbeni wethu!

Ixhaphake kangakanani le meko ibizwa ngokuba yi-endothelial dysfunction?

Kangangexesha elide, iingcali zonyango bezicinga ukuba i-endothelium yayisisithintelo nje ngaphakathi kwemithambo yegazi. Kodwa kamva kwaqondwa ukuba le yinkqubo ebalulekileyo yamalungu omzimba. Kulapho ke le meko ebizwa ngokuba yi-"Endothelial Dysfunction" yayinokubonwa njengesifo esahlukileyo.

Ezi zinto zafunyanwa ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yoo-1990, nto leyo ethetha ukuba le meko ayizange ichongwe ixesha elide. Ngoko ke iingcali azikakwazi ukuxela ukuba isasazeke kangakanani ebantwini.

Kutheni le nto kukho ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwe-endothelial?

Eyona nto iphambili kule meko kukuba akukho gesi yaneleyo ebizwa ngokuba yiNitric Oxide (NO) ngaphakathi kweendonga zemithambo yegazi yakho. Into emangalisayo kukuba, le nitric oxide iveliswa yi-endothelium yakho ngokwayo! Le nitric oxide yi-``(Vasodilator)'', oko kuthetha ukuba ivula imithambo yegazi kwaye ivumele igazi ukuba lihambe ngokukhululeka.

Ngoko ke, kwenzeka ntoni xa amanqanaba e-nitric oxide ehla?

• Imithambo yegazi iyabhitya: Oku kunokubangela uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu.
• Ukudumba kwenzeka kwiindonga zemithambo yegazi: Oku kunokukhokelela kwi-atherosclerosis, okanye ukuqina kwemithambo yegazi.
• Ukuveliswa kweeplatelet kuyanda: Oku kunokubangela ukuqhekeka kwegazi.
• Iindonga zemithambo yegazi ziba nemingxunya: Oku kubeka izicubu kwi-lipoproteins eziyingozi kunye nezinye iityhefu.

Zithini iimpawu ze-Endothelial Dysfunction?

Uphawu oluphambili lwesifo semithambo yegazi (i-endothelial dysfunction) yi -angina , ebuhlungu esifubeni. Le ntlungu esifubeni yenzeka kuba imithambo yakho yegazi ivaleka xa kufanele ukuba ivuleke. Le ntlungu esifubeni idla ngokuba mandundu xa uzilolonga.

Abanye abantu banokuba neentlungu zesifuba ezingapheliyo (`Angina`) nokuba abayenzi nto. Oku kungaba luphawu lokuhlaselwa yintliziyo. Ukuba oku kuyenzeka, iimpawu ziquka iintlungu zesifuba ezingapheliyo, ukudinwa kakhulu, kunye nokuphefumla kancinci. Le yingxamiseko yezonyango efuna unyango olukhawulezileyo.

Ngubani osengozini enkulu yoku? (Izinto Ezinobungozi)

Izinto ezithile zinokunyusa umngcipheko wakho wokuba ne-Endothelial Dysfunction. Usengozini enkulu ukuba unezi meko zilandelayo:

• Isifo Seswekile (`Isifo Seswekile`)
• Uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu (uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu)
• Inqanaba eliphezulu leswekile egazini (`iHyperglycemia`)
• I-Cholesterol ephezulu
• Isifo seMetabolic Syndrome
• Ukutshaya
• Ukutyeba kakhulu
• Ezinye izifo ezihlasela umzimba

Ziziphi ezinye iimeko ezinokubangelwa yi-Endothelial Dysfunction?

Le meko (Endothelial Dysfunction) yonyusa umngcipheko wezifo zentliziyo (Cardiovascular Diseases) kunye nezinye izifo ezininzi. Umzekelo:

• I-Atherosclerosis kunye nesifo semithambo yentliziyo
• Amahlwili egazi kunye neStrokes
• Intliziyo ekhulisiweyo (i-Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy)
• Ukuhlaselwa Yintliziyo kunye Nokusilela Kwentliziyo
• Uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu (uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu)
• Ukusilela Kwezintso
• Isifo seMitha yoMthambo oPheleleyo (i-PAD)
• Uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu lwemiphunga (PH)
• Isifo Seenqanawa Ezincinci (Isifo SeeNgxaki Ezincinci Zegazi)

Zithini iingxaki zale meko?

Ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwe-Endothelial kunokukhokelela kwimeko ebizwa ngokuba yi- Acute Coronary Syndrome . Olu ludibaniso lweentlobo ezintathu zesifo se-coronary artery. Oku kwandisa umngcipheko wokuba kubekho i-fatty deposit (i-plaque) ngaphakathi kwemithambo yegazi eqhekekayo. Ukufakwa okunjalo kwe-endothelial deposit kunokuthintela ukuhamba kwegazi ukuya kwimisipha yentliziyo kwaye kubangele ukuhlaselwa yintliziyo.

Sifunyaniswa njani esi sifo? (Ukuxilongwa)

Oogqirha basebenzisa uvavanyo olwahlukeneyo lwemifanekiso ukujonga ngqo indlela igazi elihamba ngayo emithanjeni yegazi. Olu vavanyo lunokunceda ugqirha abone ukuba kukho na iimpawu zokungasebenzi kakuhle kwe-endothelial. Olu vavanyo luquka:

• I-Electrocardiogram (`I-Electrocardiogram - EKG`)
• I-Angiogram, kuquka neCoronary Computed Tomography Angiogram (CCTA).

Kwakhona, ezinye iimvavanyo "zoMfanekiso woXinzelelo" zingasetyenziselwa ukubona ukuba ukuhamba kwegazi kwimithambo yakho yegazi kunciphile na, nto leyo enokubangela ukuba intliziyo yakho isebenze nzima. Imizekelo:

• I-Echocardiogram (`I-Echocardiogram - i-echo`)
• I-MRI (`MRI`)
• I-Positron Emission Tomography (i-PET scan)

Iphathwa njani le nto? (Unyango)

Ukuba unesifo semithambo yegazi yentliziyo okanye ye-peripheral (COPD) ngenxa yokungasebenzi kakuhle kwe-endothelial, ugqirha wakho unokukunika amayeza athile. Umzekelo:

• I-aspirin okanye izinto zokunciphisa igazi.
• Amayeza alawula uxinzelelo lwegazi, afana ne-calcium channel blockers.
• Amayeza okwehlisa i-cholesterol afana nee-statins.
• Amayeza avula imithambo yegazi, njengee-nitrate.

Kwakhona, ukuba une-Endothelial Dysfunction, ungazinciphisa iimpawu zakho ngokwenza utshintsho kwindlela otya ngayo kunye nendlela ophila ngayo . Ezi ziquka:

• Ukutya ukutya okunempilo kwentliziyo kunye nokuzilolonga rhoqo.
• Ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kotywala.
• Yehlisa umzimba (ukuba kuyimfuneko) kwaye ugcine ubunzima obusempilweni.
• Ukufumana iindlela eziphilileyo zokulawula uxinzelelo .
• Fumana uncedo lokuyeka ukutshaya kwaye uphephe ukutshaya umsi osetyenziswa ngabanye abantu.
• Ulawulo olufanelekileyo lweemeko ezifana noxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu, isifo seswekile, kunye ne-cholesterol ephezulu.

Iyintoni imbono yabantu abane-Endothelial Dysfunction?

Ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwe-Endothelial kunokunyangeka ngokutshintsha indlela yokuphila kunye namayeza.Yimeko enyangekayo kakhulu le. Nangona kunjalo, abanye abantu abanesifo semithambo yentliziyo esingenazithintelo (NOCAD) banokuqhubeka nokuba neentlungu esifubeni nangona benyangwa.

Olu hlobo lweentlungu zesifuba ezingapheliyo lunokuphazamisana nemisebenzi yemihla ngemihla. Lunokukhokelela kwiimeko ezifana nokuxhalaba nokudakumba. Unyango lwengqondo, amayeza, kunye neendlela zokulawula uxinzelelo zinokunceda.

Ndifanele ndimbone nini ugqirha?

Ukuba ufumana ezi mpawu zilandelayo, bonana nogqirha ngoko nangoko:

• Iintlungu zesifuba
• Ubunzima bokuphefumla
• Iimpawu zokuhlaselwa yintliziyo (umz., iintlungu eziqatha esifubeni, iintlungu eziphuma engalweni yasekhohlo, iintlungu emhlathini, ukubila, isicaphucaphu)
• Ukudinwa kakhulu ngaphandle kwesizathu

Ndimele ndibuze ntoni kugqirha wam?

Ungabuza ugqirha wakho imibuzo efana nale:

• Kutheni ndibe nale meko (Endothelial Dysfunction)?
• Ngaba ndifuna amayeza?
• Zeziphi iinguqu kwindlela yokuphila kunye nokutya endifanele ndizenze?
• Ingaba ndisemngciphekweni wokuba nesifo sentliziyo? Ndingawunciphisa njani loo mngcipheko?
• Ngaba kufuneka ndiqaphele iimpawu zeengxaki?

Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya

Ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwe-Endothelial luhlobo lwesifo semithambo yegazi yentliziyo. Xa kungekho nitric oxide eyaneleyo eludongeni lwemithambo yegazi yakho, imithambo yegazi iyancipha. Oku kuncipha kunciphisa ukuhamba kwegazi ukuya entliziyweni. Le meko ibangela i-angina, okanye iintlungu zesifuba, kwaye yandisa umngcipheko wesifo sentliziyo.

Eyona nto ingcono kukuba, ukuba uyifumanisa kwangethuba kwaye ufumane unyango olufanelekileyo, kwaye wenze utshintsho kwindlela ophila ngayo, unethuba elikhulu lokuzikhusela kwizifo ezinzulu zentliziyo. Ngoko ke, musa ukuyityeshela nayiphi na impawu. Ukuba unamathandabuzo, bubulumko ukufuna ingcebiso kagqirha.

Ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwe - Endothelial, Isifo sentliziyo, imithambo yegazi, i-Angina, i-Nitric Oxide, uxinzelelo lwegazi, i-Cholesterol