Sonke siyazi ukuba intliziyo yethu yimpompo emangalisayo esebenza ngokungayekiyo. Njengenjini yamanzi, le mpompo ipompa igazi emzimbeni wonke. Kodwa ngaba wakha wacinga ngenkqubo enkulu 'yepayipi' ehambisa igazi kule mpompo kwaye ibuyisele igazi emzimbeni, oko kukuthi, umbhobho oyintloko? Imithambo yegazi ephambili, emikhulu eqhagamshelwe ngqo entliziyweni yile nto siyibiza ngokuba 'yiMikhumbi Emikhulu yeNtliziyo' . Namhlanje, siza kuthetha ngokulula nangobubele ngezi, umsebenzi wazo, kunye nendlela yokuzigcina ziphilile.
Zithini ezi nqanawa zinkulu?
Ngamafutshane, le yeyona ndlela iphambili edibanisa iintliziyo zethu. Le mithambo yegazi mikhulu yiyo ethwala igazi phakathi kwentliziyo yakho nemiphunga yakho, naphakathi kwentliziyo yakho kunye nayo yonke inxalenye yomzimba wakho. Ukuba ezi zinto azisebenzi kakuhle, inkqubo yokujikeleza kwegazi yomzimba wonke iya kubandezeleka.
Eli qela liphambili lemithambo yegazi liquka iinxalenye ezintlanu eziphambili:
- I-Aorta: Lo ngumthambo omkhulu nobaluleke kakhulu emzimbeni wethu. Ufana nombhobho omkhulu osasaza amanzi avela kwitanki elikhulu ukuya kwisixeko sonke.
- Umthambo oPhambili wePulmonary: Lo ngumthambo othwala igazi 'elingcolileyo' ukusuka entliziyweni ukuya emiphungeni.
- Imithambo Yemiphunga: Le mithambo ithwala igazi elifakwe ioksijini emiphungeni libuyele entliziyweni.
- I-Superior Vena Cava: Kulapho igazi elisetyenzisiweyo elivela kwiindawo eziphezulu zomzimba wakho, njengentloko, intamo, neengalo, libuyela khona entliziyweni.
- I-Inferior Vena Cava: Lo mthambo uthwala igazi elisetyenzisiweyo lisuka kwiindawo ezisezantsi zomzimba wakho, njengemilenze yakho nesisu, ulibuyisele entliziyweni.
Zonke ezi veins zisebenza kunye, ngendlela edibeneyo, ukuthumela igazi kwiindlela ezichanekileyo rhoqo ngomzuzwana intliziyo yakho ibetha.
Yintoni eyona nto iphambili kwezi zinto? Indlela igazi elihamba ngayo
Le mithambo yegazi mikhulu yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yenkqubo yethu yokujikeleza kwegazi . Kukho imijikelezo emibini ephambili yomzimba wethu. Makhe sijonge ukuba zeziphi ezi mijikelezo mibini, kunye nendlela imijelo yethu yegazi emikhulu enceda ngayo koku.
1. Isekethe yeMiphunga - Uhambo oluphakathi kwentliziyo nemiphunga
Kulula kakhulu. Le sekethe ithwala igazi phakathi kwentliziyo yakho nemiphunga yakho. Okokuqala, igazi elisetyenzisiweyo emzimbeni, elinomoya-mpilo omncinci (masilibize ngokuba ligazi elingcolileyo ukuze kube lula ukuliqonda), lisuka entliziyweni liye emiphungeni. Imiphunga yenza umsebenzi ofanayo nowokulungisa imoto. Isusa inkunkuma efana nekhabhoni diokside egazini ize yongeze ioksijini egazini esiliphefumlayo. Eli gazi litsha, lizele yioksijini, emva koko libuyela entliziyweni.
Indlela imithambo yegazi emikhulu enceda ngayo koku:
- Umthambo oPhambili wePulmonary:Yile nto ithwala igazi elingenaoksijini ukusuka kwi-ventricle yasekunene yentliziyo ukuya emiphungeni.
- Imithambo Yemiphunga: Le mithambo ithwala igazi elineoksijini ukusuka emiphungeni ukuya kwi-atrium yasekhohlo yentliziyo. Ngokuqhelekileyo kukho imithambo emine.
Khumbula into ebaluleke kakhulu! Ngokwesiqhelo, imithambo yethu ithwala igazi elicocekileyo elineoksijini engaphezulu, kwaye imithambo yethu ithwala igazi elingcolileyo elineoksijini encinci. Nangona kunjalo, kule circuit yemiphunga, kuphambene ngokupheleleyo. Imithambo yemiphunga ithwala igazi elingcolileyo, kwaye imithambo yemiphunga izisa igazi elicocekileyo. Eli lityala elikhethekileyo.
2. Isekethe yeNkqubo - Uhambo oluphakathi kwentliziyo nomzimba wonke
Ngoku, igazi elicocekileyo nelicebileyo ngeoksijini elivela emiphungeni nelisentliziyweni lithunyelwa kuzo zonke iikona zomzimba. Yiyo loo nto le sekethe isetyenziselwa yona. Ngale sekethe, igazi elicebileyo ngeoksijini liphuma entliziyweni, lihamba emzimbeni wonke, lize lisasaze ioksijini, izondlo, kunye neehomoni kuyo yonke iseli kunye namalungu omzimba. Kwangaxeshanye, liqokelela inkunkuma eqokelelana kwezo ndawo, kwaye igazi eliphelelwe yioksijini libuyela entliziyweni.
Indlela imithambo yegazi emikhulu enceda ngayo koku:
- I-Aorta: Le yintshatsheli yolu hambo. Igazi elinomoya-mpilo omninzi elimpontshelwa ngamandla amakhulu yi-ventricle yasekhohlo yentliziyo kuqala lingena kule aorta. Emva koko lisasaza igazi kuwo wonke umzimba ngamasebe amaninzi aphuma kuyo.
- I-Superior Vena Cava: Lo mthambo mkhulu uqokelela igazi elingena-oxygen kwiindawo eziphezulu zomzimba wakho (entloko, entanyeni, ezingalweni) uze ulizise kwi-atrium yasekunene yentliziyo.
- I-Inferior Vena Cava: Le vein iqokelela igazi elingenaoksijini kwiindawo ezisezantsi zomzimba wakho (imilenze, isisu) ize ilizise kwi-atrium ekunene yentliziyo.
Ziphi ezi mithambo yegazi mikhulu kwaye zidibene njani?
Le mithambo yegazi mikhulu iqhagamshelwe ngqo kumagumbi amane entliziyo. Ungakuqonda oku ngokucacileyo kwitheyibhile engasezantsi.
| Inqanawa Enkulu | Igumbi lentliziyo elidibanisayo | Icala lokuhamba kwegazi |
|---|---|---|
| I-Aorta | I-Ventricle yasekhohlo | Ukusuka entliziyweni ukuya emzimbeni (igazi elineoksijini eninzi) |
| Umthambo Weepulmonary | I-Ventricle yasekunene | Ukusuka entliziyweni ukuya emiphungeni (igazi elingenaoksijini) |
| Imithambo yePulmonary | I-Atrium yasekhohlo | Ukusuka kwimiphunga ukuya entliziyweni (igazi elineoksijini eninzi) |
| I-vena cava ephezulu nengaphantsi | I-Atrium yasekunene | Ukusuka emzimbeni ukuya entliziyweni (igazi elingenaoksijini) |
Zenziwe ngantoni ezi zinto? Zingakanani ubukhulu bazo?
Lo mthambo wegazi mkhulu, njengeminye imithambo yegazi emzimbeni wethu, wenziwe ngodonga olwenziwe ngeengqimba ezintathu zezicubu, njengetyhubhu.
1. Umaleko ongaphakathi (iTunica Intima): Le yinxalenye edibana ngqo negazi. Igqunywe ngumaleko omncinci kakhulu weeseli, ovumela igazi ukuba lidlule ngaphandle kokuphazanyiswa.
2. I-Tunica Media: Olu layer lunemicu ethambileyo. Xa intliziyo ipompa igazi ngamandla amakhulu, olu layer lunceda umthambo ukuba woluleke kwaye ubuyele kwindawo yawo eqhelekileyo. Kwakhona lolu layer lunceda imithambo yegazi ukuba inciphe kwaye ikhule (i-Vasoconstriction kunye ne-Vasodilation) .
3. Umaleko ongaphandle (iTunica Adventitia): Kulapho umthambo wegazi ufumana khona amandla kunye nolwakhiwo lwawo.
Ezi azibizwa ngokuba yimithambo yegazi "emikhulu" ngelize. Zinobubanzi obukhulu bangaphakathi, okanye ububanzi bomthambo wegazi, kuneminye imithambo yegazi. Oku kungenxa yokuba kufuneka zibe nkulu ngokwaneleyo ukuze zikwazi ukumelana nomthamo omkhulu wegazi elihamba liye neliphuma entliziyweni. I-aorta kunye nomthambo wemiphunga ngokukodwa kufuneka zibe namandla ngokwaneleyo ukuze zimelane noxinzelelo oluphezulu olukhutshwa yintliziyo.
Ububanzi (ububanzi) bezi zinto buhlala bumalunga neesentimitha ezi-2-3. Oku kunokwahluka kancinci ngokuxhomekeke kwizinto ezifana nobudala kunye nesini.
Zeziphi izifo ezichaphazela le mithambo yegazi?
Ngelishwa, le mithambo yegazi ibalulekileyo inokuchaphazeleka zizifo ezahlukeneyo. Eminye yimiba yentliziyo ezalwa nayo ebakho ukususela ekuzalweni. Eminye ibangelwa yimikhwa emibi yokuphila njengoko siphila. Makhe sijonge ezinye zezifo ezinokuchaphazela yonke imibhobho yegazi.
| Umthambo wegazi omkhulu | Izifo ezinokuchaphazela (imizekelo) |
|---|---|
| I-Aorta |
|
| Umthambo Weepulmonary | |
| Imithambo yePulmonary | |
| UVena Cavae |
Ukuba ufumana iimpawu ezinje, eyona nto ingcono onokuyenza kukungabi naxhala, kodwa kukubona ugqirha wakho ngokukhawuleza kwaye ucele ingcebiso.
Sizigcina njani ezi mithambo yegazi zibalulekileyo ziphilile?
Ukuze kugcinwe kungekuphela nje le mithambo yegazi iphambili, kodwa nayo yonke imithambo yegazi emzimbeni wakho nasentliziyweni yakho isempilweni, kubalulekile ukulandela indlela yokuphila enempilo yentliziyo. Nazi ezinye iingcebiso ezilula, kodwa ezibaluleke kakhulu onokuzilandela.
- Kuphephe ukutshaya ngokupheleleyo: Kuphephe kungekuphela nje iicuba, ii-beedis, kunye neecuba, kodwa kunye nokutshaya i-vape. Ezi zinto zonakalisa udonga lwemithambo yegazi yakho, ziyenze iqine. Ukuba unengxaki yokuyeka, thetha nogqirha wakho malunga neendlela zokufumana uncedo.
- Yitya ukutya okunempilo kwentliziyo: Nciphisa ukutya okunetyuwa eninzi, iswekile, kunye namafutha agcweleyo (njengokutya okunamafutha amaninzi, ukutya okuqhotsiweyo, kunye nokutya okukhawulezayo). Endaweni yoko, faka ukutya okune-fiber eninzi enyibilikayo, njengeziqhamo, imifuno, iimbotyi, kunye namandongomane, ekutyeni kwakho.
- Zilolonge rhoqo: Kulungile ukuba ungenza umthambo onzima ophakathi ubuncinane imizuzu engama-30 ngosuku. Oku kungaba kukuhamba, ukubaleka, okanye ukukhwela ibhayisekile. Kodwa thetha nogqirha wakho malunga nokuba zeziphi imithambo ekhuselekileyo nefanelekileyo kuwe.
- Nciphisa ukusetyenziswa kotywala: Kungcono ukuyeka ukusela utywala ngokupheleleyo ukuba kunokwenzeka.
- Lawula uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu kunye ne-cholesterol: Ukuba unezi meko, thatha amayeza akho njengoko ugqirha wakho ekuyalele, ngexesha elifanelekileyo, kwaye ulandele ukutya okunempilo.
- Fumana uhlolo lwezonyango lonyaka: Nokuba ucinga ukuba awunazo iingxaki zempilo, ukubona ugqirha ubuncinane kanye ngonyaka ukuze uhlole impilo yakho kuya kukunceda uphephe izifo ezinkulu kwixesha elizayo.
Le mithambo yegazi mikhulu yenza umsebenzi "omkhulu" ngokwenene. Ukususela ekuziseni igazi entliziyweni, ukuya ekusasazeni ioksijini enika ubomi emzimbeni wonke, ukuya ekususeni inkunkuma, yonke inkqubo ixhomekeke kwimpilo yezi ndlela.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Imithambo emikhulu yentliziyo 'ziindlela ezinkulu' eziphambili ezidibana ngqo nentliziyo kwaye zithwala igazi emzimbeni wonke.
- Ezi ziquka imithambo emihlanu emikhulu: i-aorta, umthambo we-pulmonary, umthambo we-pulmonary, kunye ne-vena cava.
- Impilo yale mithambo ibalulekile ekujikelezeni kwegazi emzimbeni wonke nakwimpilo iyonke.
- Le mithambo yegazi ingagcinwa isempilweni ngokulandela indlela yokuphila enempilo yentliziyo (ukutya okunempilo, ukuzilolonga, kunye nokuphepha ukutshaya).
- Ukuba unemibuzo okanye unenkxalabo malunga nentliziyo yakho okanye imithambo yegazi, qiniseka ukuba uthetha nogqirha wakho ngayo.
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