Ngaba amehlo akho nawo ajika aye ngaphandle? Masithethe nge-exotropia!

Ngaba wakha waphawula ukuba umntwana wakho omncinci, okanye mhlawumbi umntu omaziyo, uneliso elinye okanye omabini ajonge ngaphandle kancinci, ejonge kwiindlebe? Okanye uvala iliso elinye ngelixa ebukele iTV okanye xa engaphandle elangeni elikhanyayo? Ngamanye amaxesha ungambona ejika intloko yakhe ecaleni. Ezi zezinye zeempawu zesifo esibizwa ngokuba yi-"Exotropia" esiza kuthetha ngaso namhlanje. Ungakhathazeki, le yinto abantu abaninzi abanayo, kwaye masithethe ngayo ngokweenkcukacha nangokulula.

Ngamafutshane, yintoni i-exotropia?

I-Exotropia (ebizwa ngokuba yi-"ex-so-tro-pee-ya") kukungalungelelani kakuhle kwamehlo. Kwizonyango, sidla ngokubiza le meko ngokuthi yi-"strabismus." Usenokuba ukhe weva igama elithi "amehlo anqamlezileyo," eli lilo.

Ngoko ke, kule `(Exotropia)`, iliso elinye okanye omabini ngamanye amaxesha ajika aye ngaphandle, oko kukuthi, kwicala apho kukho iindlebe. Ukuba iliso elinye kuphela lijika liye ngaphandle ngale ndlela, siyibiza ngokuba yi`(Monocular Exotropia)`. Ukuba omabini amehlo ajika aye ngaphandle ngale ndlela, ibizwa ngokuba yi`(Bilateral Exotropia)`.

Usenokuba ukhe weva ngemeko ebizwa ngokuba yi-`(Esotropia)`. Kulapho amehlo ejika ajonge ngaphakathi, oko kukuthi, ngasempumlweni. Le `(Exotropia)` ichasene noko. Nangona le meko idla ngokubonakala kwiintsana ezincinci kunye nabantwana, ngamanye amaxesha inokwenzeka nakubantu abadala.

Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukufuna ingcebiso kagqirha ngokukhawuleza ukuba ukrokrela ukuba iliso lomntwana wakho liyajika libheke ngaphandle. Oku kungenxa yokuba umntwana oneliso elinjalo unokuba neengxaki zokubona, kwaye le mbonakalo inokuchaphazela ukuzithemba komntwana kunye nobudlelwane bakhe nabanye abantu. Ke ngoko, kungcono ukufumana uxilongo kwaye uqale unyango ngokukhawuleza.

Ziziphi iintlobo eziphambili ze-exotropia?

Kukwakho neentlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-"Exotropia". Makhe sibone ukuba zeziphi ezona ziphambili:

• I-Exotropia engapheliyo: Olu lolona hlobo luqhelekileyo. Njengoko igama lisitsho, alusoloko lukho. Luyafika luze ludlule. Umzekelo, umntwana wakho unokujika amehlo akhe ajonge ngaphandle xa ediniwe kakhulu, okanye xa enesifo esifana nomkhuhlane, okanye xa exinezelekile. Oku kunokubonwa naxa ejonge into ekude.
• I-Constant Exotropia: Kolu hlobo, iliso elinye okanye omabini ahlala ejonge ngaphandle. Le meko inokubonwa xa ujonge kufutshane nakude. Oku akuqhelekanga njenge-Intermittent Exotropia ekhankanyiweyo ngaphambili.
• I-Exotropia yosana okanye yokuzalwa: Oku kuthetha ukuba le meko ikhona ekuzalweni okanye kwasebuntwaneni.
• I-Sensory Exotropia: Oku kwenzeka kwiliso elisele lingaboni kakuhle. Iliso elingaboni kakuhle lijika libheke ngaphandle kuba alikwazi ukusebenza kunye nelinye iliso.
• I-Alternating Exotropia: Oku kwenzeka xa amehlo omabini ejika abheke ngaphandle ngokutshintshana ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo. Oku kwahlukile kwi-Unilateral Exotropia (apho iliso elinye kuphela elihlala lijika libheke ngaphandle).
• I-Exotropia Elandelelanayo okanye Eyesibini: Olu hlobo lwenzeka emva kotyando lokunyanga i-Esotropia (amehlo ajika angene ngaphakathi).

Zithini iimpawu ze-exotropia?

Makhe sibone ukuba zeziphi iimpawu eziqhelekileyo ezinokubonwa kule meko:

• Iliso elinye okanye omabini ngamanye amaxesha okanye lisoloko lijika libheke phambili.
• Ukufinya amehlo.
• Uxinzelelo lwamehlo.
• Intloko ebuhlungu.
• Umbono ophindwe kabini okanye iDiplopia.
• Ukuvala iliso elinye xa ilanga likhanya kakhulu.
• Ukuncipha kokuqonda ubunzulu.

Ukuba wena okanye umntwana wakho unenye yezi mpawu okanye ezingaphezulu, qiniseka ukuba ubona ugqirha wamehlo.

Kutheni le nto i-exotropia yenzeka?

Kukho izizathu ezahlukeneyo zoku. Masibone ukuba zeziphi:

• I-genetics: Kwezinye iintsapho, le meko (strabismus) idluliselwa kwizizukulwana ngezizukulwana.
• Ubuthathaka bemisipha yamehlo: Oku kunokwenzeka xa izihlunu ezilawula intshukumo yamehlo zingasebenzi kakuhle.
• Ukungabikho kokuqondana (i-CI): Oku kwenzeka xa amehlo engakwazi ukugxila kwindawo enye xa ejonge into ekufutshane.
• Iimeko zenkqubo yemithambo-luvo: I-Exotropia inokubangelwa zizifo ezifana nestroke okanye iithumba zobuchopho.
• Ukubona okuphazamisekileyo kakhulu: Ukuba umbono kwelinye iliso awubonakali kakuhle, elo liso lisenokujika libheke ngaphandle.

Ngamanye amaxesha, ingakumbi kwi-exotropia engapheliyo , unobangela othile usenokungafumaneki.

Ngubani onokuba nethuba elikhulu lokufumana i-exotropia? (Izinto ezibangela umngcipheko)

Kukho izinto ezithile ezibangela umngcipheko wokuba nale meko. Nazi:

• Iingxaki ze-neurologic.
• Ukuzalwa ngaphambi kwexesha.
• Ukusetyenziswa kweziyobisi notywala ngexesha lokukhulelwa.
• Utshintsho kwi-genetic.
• Iimpazamo zokurhoxisa ezingalungiswanga (umz., ukunganxibi iiglasi) `(Iimpazamo zokurhoxisa ezingalungiswanga)`.
• Ukuba nomntu kusapho lwakho onesifo `(Strabismus)`.

Kuza kwenzeka ntoni ukuba unyango alunikwa? (Iingxaki)

Ukuba le meko "ye-Exotropia", ingakumbi "ye-Exittent Exotropia" engapheliyo, ayinyangwa, ekugqibeleni inokuba yi-"Constant Exotropia". Kwakhona, ukuba le meko iba mandundu ngexesha lobuntwana, umntwana unokufumana imeko ebizwa ngokuba yi-"Lazy Eye" (i-Amblyopia).Oku kuthetha ukuba umbono kwelinye iliso uba buthathaka. Kwakhona, amandla okubona izinto ngokwemilinganiselo emithathu (umbono we-binocular) ngokusebenzisana namehlo omabini anokulahleka.

I-exotropia ichongwa njani ngokuchanekileyo? (Ukuxilongwa)

Usenokubona ukuba amehlo omntwana wakho ajika ajonge ngaphandle. Okanye ugqirha wakho wosapho unokubona oku. (Ngamanye amaxesha umntu one-exotropia akaqondi nokuba kunjalo.) Banokukuthumela kwingcali yamehlo okanye kwingcali yamehlo.

Ugqirha womntwana wakho uza kubuza ngembali yempilo yosapho lwakho kunye nembali yempilo yomntwana wakho. Emva koko baza kwenza uvavanyo lwamehlo. Olu vavanyo luza kujonga indlela amehlo omntwana wakho ashukuma ngayo kwaye agxile ngayo. Olu vavanyo lungabandakanya:

• Uvavanyo Lokubona Izinto Ngokubona: Ukuba abantwana bafunde oonobumba kwitshathi, okanye kwimeko yabantwana abancinci, kuvavanywe indlela abazibona ngayo izinto.
• Uvavanyo lokuGxeka: Uvavanyo olulinganisa indlela ukukhanya okugxile ngayo emehlweni ngokubavumela ukuba bajonge kuthotho lweelensi ezahlukeneyo. Abantwana akufuneki bathethe okanye baphendule ezi mvavanyo.
• Uvavanyo lokujonga amehlo nokujonga ingqwalasela: Olu vavanyo lujonga ukuba amehlo omntwana ajongeka njani kakuhle kwaye abonakala ngokucacileyo kangakanani.
• Ukwandisa iliso ukuze kujongwe impilo yezakhiwo ezingaphakathi kweliso.

Ziziphi iindlela zonyango lwe-exotropia?

Unyango luyahluka ngokuxhomekeke kubukhali bemeko. Ngamanye amaxesha, i-extotropia engapheliyo ayibi nzima kangako, okanye isenokuphola ngokwayo ngokuhamba kwexesha. Iindlela zonyango ziquka:

• Ukupeyinta amehlo: Oku kuquka ukugquma iliso elibona kakuhle nelinamandla ngesipeyinti nokwenza iliso elibuthathaka lisebenze nzima ukuliqinisa.
• Amaconsi amehlo: Le yinkqubo yezonyango, njengokufaka amabala amehlo, enika ukhuthazo olungakumbi kwiliso elibuthathaka.
• Iilensi zokulungisa: Ugqirha unokucebisa iiglasi okanye iilensi zoqhagamshelwano.
• Unyango lokubona: Ukuba umntwana wakho unengxaki yokungakwazi ukubona kakuhle, ukuzilolonga kwamehlo kunokunceda.
• I-Botulinum Toxin (Botox®): Ukujova i-Botox® kwimisipha yamehlo kunokunceda ekulungiseni amehlo.
• Utyando: Ugqirha unokwenza utyando lokuqinisa okanye ukukhulula izihlunu kwelinye okanye omabini amehlo.

Ngaba le exotropia ingathintelwa?

Akukho ndlela yokuthintela le meko ukuba ingenzeki. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba ukhulelwe okanye uceba ukukhulelwa, kungcono ukuthetha nomcebisi wezemfuza malunga nomngcipheko wokudlulisela le meko kumntwana wakho.

Liyintoni ikamva labo banale meko? (Ukuchacha)

I-Exotropia inokuphucula ngokuhamba kwexesha, kodwa uninzi lweentlobo azipheli ngokupheleleyo. Unyango olungelulo utyando lunokunceda ekulawuleni imeko, kodwa abantu abaninzi banethuba lokuba imeko ibuyele umva.

Umntwana wam ufanele aye nini kugqirha?

Soloko ubona ugqirha ukuba umntwana wakho uneempawu ezikukhathazayo. Ezi zingabandakanya:

• Intlungu yamehlo.
• Umbono ophindwe kabini.
• Umbono ofipheleyo.
• Intloko ebuhlungu.
• Imbonakalo yeliso lijika libheke ngaphandle.

Ndingambuza ntoni ugqirha womntwana wam?

Nantsi eminye imibuzo onokuyibuza ugqirha wakho:

• Luhlobo luni lwe-exotropia umntwana wam analo?
• Zeziphi iindlela zonyango ozicebisayo?
• Ngaba umntwana wam udinga utyando?
• Ukuba ndityandwa, zithini iingenelo kunye neengozi?

Ngaba i-exotropia ingabangela ubumfama?

Ukuba ayinyangwa, i-exotropia inokukhokelela kwimeko ebizwa ngokuba yi-"lazy eye" (amblyopia), ethetha ukulahlekelwa ngumbono kwelinye iliso. Ukuba ayinyangwa, umbono we-binocular unokulahleka kwaye umbono womgama unokuphazamiseka. Nangona kunjalo, ubumfama obupheleleyo abuqhelekanga ukuba njalo.

Ngaba i-exotropia iba mandundu xa ukhula?

Ukuba ayinyangwa, i-`(Exotropia)` idla ngokuba mandundu ngokuhamba kwexesha. Ingalawulwa, kodwa isenokungaze iphele ngokupheleleyo. Abanye abaphandi bakholelwa ukuba isisombululo esihlala sihleli kwi-`(Intermittent Exotropia)` kukulungisa ubuchopho, kodwa oku akunakwenzeka okwangoku.

Ukuba umntwana wakho une-"(Exotropia)", le meko inokuchaphazela ukuzithemba kwakhe. Inokwenza kube nzima nokwakha nokugcina ubudlelwane nabanye. Xa umntu ethetha ngaphandle kokujonga emehlweni, unokubonakala engakhathali okanye exakeke yenye into.

Yiyo loo nto kubaluleke kakhulu ukubona ingcali yamehlo kwangoko xa uqaphela le ngxaki. Ingakumbi kubantwana, kubalulekile ukuba uhlolwe amehlo ukuqinisekisa ukuba onke amehlo aphilile kwaye ayabona kakuhle. Nangona ungenakukuthintela oku ukuba kwenzeke, ungathatha inyathelo kwaye ufumane unyango kwangethuba.

Masikhumbule ezona zinto zibalulekileyo (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Kulungile, masishwankathele ezona zinto zibalulekileyo ekufuneka sizikhumbule koko sithethe ngako:

• I-Exotropia kukujika iliso elinye okanye omabini libheke ngaphandle (libhekise endlebeni). Olu luhlobo lwe-strabismus, okanye i-cross-eye.
• Nangona oku kubonakala kakhulu ebantwaneni, kunokwenzeka nakubantu abadala.
• Ukufunyanwa kwangethuba kunye nonyango kunokunciphisa iingxaki zokubona kunye nefuthe ekuzithembeni komntwana.
• Unyango luquka iziqwenga zamehlo, amaconsi amehlo, iiglasi, umthambo wamehlo, inaliti zeBotox®, kunye notyando.
• Ukuba unenkxalabo ngamehlo omntwana wakho, bonana nogqirha wamehlo ngokukhawuleza.
• Le meko inokulawulwa, kodwa isenokunganyangeki ngokupheleleyo. Nangona kunjalo, ngokulawulwa ngokufanelekileyo, ungaphila ubomi obuhle.

Ndiyathemba ukuba olu lwazi luza kukunceda. Ukuba unemibuzo engaphezulu, nceda udibane nogqirha.

I- Exotropia, ukuphambuka kwamehlo, ukuqengqeleka kwamehlo, izifo zamehlo zabantwana, iingxaki zokubona, unyango lwamehlo, i-strabismus