Xa umntwana wakho efunyaniswa ukuba une- Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), kuqhelekile ukuba wena, njengomzali, uzive uxinezelekile kwaye udidekile. "Ndenze ntoni ngoku?", "Ndingamnika njani umntwana wam ukhathalelo olungcono kakhulu?", "Ngaba lukhona unyango loku?" mhlawumbi yimibuzo eliwaka efika engqondweni. Kodwa ungakhathazeki. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba wonke umntwana one-autism wahlukile kakhulu. Oko kuthetha ukuba iimpawu zomntwana omnye azifani nezomnye. Ke ngoko, umntwana ngamnye udinga isicwangciso sonyango esahlukileyo kuye kwaye esilungiselelwe iimfuno zakhe. Namhlanje, siza kuthetha ngezinye zonyango eziphambili ezibonakalise iziphumo eziphumelelayo ekuphuculeni ukufunda, unxibelelwano, kunye nezakhono zentlalo zaba bantwana.
Uhlalutyo Lokuziphatha Olusetyenziswayo (ABA)
Olu lolunye lonyango olwamkelekileyo nolusetyenziswa kakhulu kubantwana abane-autism ehlabathini. Ngokukodwa, unyango lwe-ABA lusebenza kakhulu xa luqalwa ngaphambi kokuba umntwana abe neminyaka emi-5 ubudala . Nangona kunjalo, nabantwana abadala banokuzuza kulo.
Kwenzeka ntoni nge-ABA?
Ngamafutshane, i-ABA ifundisa abantwana izakhono zentlalo, ulwimi, izakhono zomzimba, kunye nokucinga okunengqiqo. Ikwanceda abantwana ukuba balawule iindlela zokuziphatha ezinzima. Konke oku kwenziwa kusetyenziswa iingcamango zokujonga kunye nokuqinisa okuhle .
Cinga ngale ndlela. Xa umntwana efuna ithoyizi, ukuba uyikhomba ngomnwe wakhe aze athi "ibhola", uze unike ibhola uze umdumise ngokuthi "Kulungile kakhulu, nyana/ntombi!" Oku kubizwa ngokuba ' kukuqiniswa okuhle'. Xa umntwana esenza into kakuhle, aze afumane impendulo entle ngayo, ukhuthazeka ukuba ayenze kwakhona.
Iyintoni indima yabazali kule nto?
Ukuze umntwana wakho afumane okuninzi kunyango lwe-ABA, uya kufuna unyango oluninzi lomntu ngamnye, malunga neeyure ezingama-25 ngeveki. Oku kungabiza kakhulu. Kubalulekile ukuba wena njengomzali uqeqeshwe koku . Emva koko ungasebenzisa ezi ndlela ekhaya kwaye uqinise rhoqo ukuziphatha kakuhle komntwana wakho. Nangona oku kufuna ixesha elininzi, ukuzinikela, kunye nesakhono, kuya kunceda umntwana wakho adibanise oko akufundayo kubomi bakhe bemihla ngemihla.
Ungenelelo loPhuhliso loBudlelwane (RDI)
I-RDI lunyango olutsha lwe-autism. Igxile kakhulu kumntwana.Isifundisa ukucinga ngokuguquguquka nokuzibandakanya kubudlelwane nabanye abantu.
Unyango lwe-RDI ludla ngokuqala ngokuqinisa ubudlelwane bomntwana nabazali bakhe kunye namanye amalungu osapho. Njengezinye iindlela zonyango, oku kukwajolise kwiingxaki eziphambili ze-autism, ezizizakhono zentlalo kunye nokusebenzisana.
Isebenza njani i-RDI?
Ukubandakanyeka kwabazali kubalulekile ukuze olu nyango luphumelele. Abazali bafundiswa indlela yokwenza yonke imzuzu echithwa nomntwana wabo ibe "yixesha elifundekayo."
Khawuthelekelele nakha indlu yokudlala kunye. Ngelo xesha, ninokuphuhlisa izakhono zentlalo ngezinto ezincinci ezifana nokujonga emehlweni omntwana wakho, ukumamela izimvo zakhe, nokuphendula kwinto ayenzayo.
Ngenxa yokuba i-RDI yindlela entsha, akukho bungqina buninzi besayensi okwangoku malunga nempumelelo yayo. Nangona kunjalo, uphando olwenziwe ngabo baqalise le ndlela lubonise ukuba abantwana abafumana unyango lwe-RDI banokubona uphuculo olukhulu. Ngenxa yoku, njengomzali, kuya kufuneka uchithe ixesha nemali ukuya kwiindibano zocweyo nokubukela iividiyo.
Unyango lokudibanisa iimvakalelo
Abantwana abaninzi abane-autism baneengxaki zokuva. Kuthetha ukuthini oko?
- Uvakalelo olugqithisileyo/Uvakalelo oluphezulu: Abanye abantwana abakwazi ukumelana nezibane ezikhanyayo, ingxolo enkulu, okanye iilebhile ezincinci ezimpahleni. Ezi zinto ziyabakhathaza kakhulu.
- Akanamvakalelo ngokwaneleyo/Akavakalelwa kakhulu: Abanye abantwana basenokungaziva iintlungu njengabanye. Basenokungasabela kakuhle kwizinto ezishushu nezibandayo.
Unyango lokudibanisa iimvakalelo lunceda ekulawuleni impendulo yomntwana kwezi zinto zibangela iimvakalelo zangaphandle. Ingcali yezonyango isebenza nomntwana ubuso ngobuso.
Umzekelo, ukuba umntwana uvakalelwa kakhulu xa ephathwa, ingcali yezonyango ingasebenzisa iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zelaphu (umz., ezithambileyo, ezirhabaxa) ukuhlikihla ulusu lomntwana ngobunono nangokuqinileyo. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, umntwana uya kuqhelana nokuziva ngaloo nto.
Konke oku kwenziwa ngendlela eyenza umntwana azive onwabile, njengomdlalo. Akukho nto inyanzeliswayo. Kodwa ingcali yezonyango iyayandisa kancinci imida yomntwana ize imncede aphuhle. Ngenxa yoku, basebenzisa izitulo ezijikelezayo, iiswings, unyango lokungcangcazela, kwanemithambo eyahlukeneyo.
Into ebalulekileyo apha kukuba wena kunye nogqirha wengqondo womntwana wakho nizame iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokufumana oko kusebenza kakuhle kumntwana wakho. Ugqirha wezingane ophuhlisayo ojongana nophuhliso lomntwana wakho angakunika isikhokelo esifanelekileyo kule nto.
| Unyango | Injongo ephambili | Indima Yomzali |
|---|---|---|
| I-ABA (Uhlalutyo Lokuziphatha Olusetyenziswayo) | Ukufundisa izakhono zentlalo, ulwimi, kunye nezakhono zomzimba. Ukulawula iindlela zokuziphatha ezinzima. | Iphezulu kakhulu. Uqeqesho malunga neendlela zonyango kunye nokuqinisa rhoqo ekhaya luyimfuneko. |
| I-RDI (Ungenelelo loPhuhliso loBudlelwane) | Ukufundisa abantu ukuba bacinge ngokuguquguquka nokwakha ubudlelwane obunzulu nabanye abantu. | Kubalulekile. Sidinga ukuqeqeshwa ukusebenzisa iimeko zemihla ngemihla "njengamaxesha esinokufundiseka ngawo." |
| Unyango lokudibanisa iimvakalelo | Ukunceda ekulawuleni indlela umntwana asabela ngayo kwiimvakalelo ezifana nokukhanya, isandi, kunye nokuchukumisa. | Ngokusebenzisana kakhulu nogqirha wengqondo, chonga iindlela ezifanelekileyo kumntwana kwaye umxhase ekhaya. |
Khumbula, olu hambo alulolwedwa!
Awuwedwa ekukhetheni nasekusebenziseni olu nyango. Iingcali zabantwana, iingcali zengqondo, iingcali zonyango lokuziphatha, iingcali zonyango lwentetho nolwimi, kunye neengcali zonyango lomsebenzi bonke ziingcali kwicandelo labo.Kukho iqela leengcali ezifana noDkt.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Wonke umntwana wahlukile: Wonke umntwana one-autism wahlukile. Ngoko ke, isicwangciso sonyango kufuneka senzelwe umntwana.
- Kubalulekile ukuqala kwangethuba: Ukuba unyango lunokuqaliswa ebuntwaneni, amathuba okufumana iziphumo eziphumelelayo aphezulu.
- Ukubandakanyeka kwabazali kubalulekile: Igalelo lakho, ukuzinikela, kunye noqeqesho lwakho luchaphazela ngqo uphuhliso lomntwana wakho.
- Sebenzani njengeqela: Hlalani ninxibelelana nogqirha wenu kunye nabagqirha bezonyango nize nisebenze njengeqela.
- Ungaze ulahle ithemba: Olu hambo lunokuba lude, kodwa ngenkxaso kunye nonyango olufanelekileyo, umntwana wakho unokufikelela ngokupheleleyo kumandla akhe.
💬 Comments (0)
Akukho zimvo zithunyelweyo okwangoku. Faka uluvo lwakho apha okokuqala.
Faka uluvo lwakho