Ikhaya lelona ndawo ikhuselekileyo nenothando kuthi sonke. Kodwa ngamanye amaxesha, kukho iingxabano, ukungavisisani, kunye neengxwabangxwaba kweli khaya, akunjalo? Nokuba kuphakathi komama nomntwana, phakathi kwabazalwana noodade, okanye phakathi kwendoda nomfazi, ezi ngxaki zinokubangela uxinzelelo olukhulu kusapho lonke. Ngoko ke, ngamaxesha anje, bekuya kuba mnandi kangakanani ukuba besinokufumana uncedo lokusombulula ezi ngxaki nokubuyisela ulonwabo kusapho? Yiyo loo nto unyango losapho lujoliswe kuyo.
Ngamafutshane, yintoni iFamily Therapy?
Unyango lweNtsapho luhlobo lwe-psychotherapy oluqhutywa njengeqela. Ngamafutshane, 'lunyango lokuthetha'. Ingqwalasela apha kukuphucula ubudlelwane, ukuziphatha, kunye neendlela zonxibelelwano kusapho.
Xa ucinga 'ngosapho', usenokucinga ngomama, utata, nabantwana kuphela. Kodwa kwi-Family Therapy, 'usapho' lubanzi kakhulu. Lungabandakanya:
- Abazali nabantwana
- Abazalwana noodade
- Abantu abadala njengootatomkhulu noomakhulu
- Oomalume noo-anti
- Ngamanye amaxesha kwanabahlobo abasondeleyo bosapho.
Olu nyango lukhokelwa ngumcebisi wezempilo yengqondo onelayisenisi ofumene uqeqesho olukhethekileyo kweli candelo. Oko kukuthi, umntu ofana nengcali yezengqondo okanye umcebisi. Bajonga iingxaki zentsapho ngembono yangaphandle, engenamkhethe kwaye banike usapho ulwalathiso, imfundo, kunye nenkxaso abayidingayo ukuze baqondane, banxibelelane ngcono, kwaye basombulule iingxaki.
Ziziphi iimeko apho unyango losapho lunceda khona?
Zininzi izizathu zokuba intsapho ifune unyango. Cinga ngeemeko ezinje.
- Ukuziqhelanisa notshintsho olutsha ebomini: Umzekelo, ukufudukela kwikhaya elitsha, umntwana oqala isikolo, okanye ilungu losapho elinesifo esinzulu (umz. umhlaza) kunokufuna ukuba lonke usapho luncede ekulweni naso.
- Imingeni ehambisana nokwaluphala: Imiba evelayo xa kunyanyekelwa abazali abalupheleyo kusapho, kunye nendlela yokujongana neemeko zempilo zabo.
- Ukujamelana nentlungu xa ilungu losapho lisifa: Ukulahlekelwa ngumntu omthandayo kuchaphazela wonke umntu. Oku kunokukunceda udlule kwinkqubo yokulila ngokuxhasana.
- Iingxaki zobudlelwane: Iingxabano ezihlala zikho phakathi kwabazali nabantwana, umsindo nenzondo phakathi kwabazalwana noodade, kunye neengxaki phakathi kwendoda nomfazi.
Ukongeza, ukuba ilungu losapho linengxaki yempilo yengqondo, kubalulekile ukufuna inkxaso kusapho lonke ekunyangeni. Umzekelo, ukuba ilungu losapho linengxaki echaphazela ukutya ngendlela engaqhelekanga, njenge-anorexia, lonke usapho oluthatha inxaxheba kunyango kunye lunokuqinisa kakhulu ukuchacha kwaloo mntu.
Ziziphi iindlela ezahlukeneyo zonyango losapho?
Akukho ndlela inye yokwenza unyango losapho. Umcebisi uya kukhetha indlela yonyango efanelekileyo ngokusekwe kwiimfuno zosapho lwakho kunye nohlobo lwengxaki. Ngamanye amaxesha, izinto zeendlela ezahlukeneyo ziyadityaniswa kwaye zisetyenziswe. Nazi ezinye zeendlela eziphambili.
| Uhlobo loNyango | Kalula nje, kwenzeka ntoni ngale nto? |
|---|---|
| Unyango loSapho oluSebenzayo (FFT) | Oku kuluncedo ngakumbi kwiintsapho ezinabantwana abaneengxaki zokuziphatha (ezifana nokungakhathali, ukungathobeli imithetho). Kunceda ukuqonda iindlela zosapho ezichaphazela ukuziphatha kakubi komntwana kwaye kuphucule unxibelelwano losapho kunye neendlela zokukhulisa abantwana. |
| Ingcebiso yomtshato/Unyango lwabatshatileyo | Isetyenziselwa iingxaki phakathi kwabantu abatshatileyo okanye abathandanayo. Inika isikhokelo ekusombululeni imiba efana neengxaki zonxibelelwano, iingxaki zemali, kunye nokungavisisani malunga nendlela yokukhulisa abantwana. |
| Unyango loSapho oluCwangcisiweyo | Le yindlela yonyango yexesha elifutshane. Ingqwalasela apha kukudala utshintsho oluhle kwindawo yosapho. Umcebisi ucebisa iindlela ezithile kunye namaqhinga okusombulula ingxaki yosapho. |
| Unyango lweSapho oluHlanganisiweyo | Le ndlela ijonga 'ulwakhiwo' losapho. Oko kukuthi, ubudlelwane phakathi kwamalungu osapho, indlela amandla asasazwa ngayo, kunye nendlela imithetho kunye nemida ebekwa ngayo. Le ndlela ibonisa ukuba iingxaki zosapho zinokusonjululwa ngokuchonga nokutshintsha iingxaki ezikwesi sakhiwo. |
| Unyango lweNtsapho oluCwangcisiweyo | Apha, imiba yentsapho ayijongwa yodwa. Inxulunyaniswa nendawo ebanzi yentlalo, yenkcubeko, neyenkolo apho intsapho ihlala khona. Oku kuzama ukuqonda indlela ukuziphatha kwelungu elinye lentsapho elichaphazela ngayo abanye kunye nendlela konke oku kuyinxalenye yenkqubo enkulu. |
Ukuba ilungu losapho lifumana unyango lwengxaki yempilo yengqondo, 'imfundo yengqondo' nayo iyinxalenye ebalulekileyo yolu nyango. Oku kuthetha ukuba umcebisi uchazela usapho ngokucacileyo ngengxaki yengqondo, izizathu zayo, unyango kunye nendlela ebonakala ngayo.
Zeziphi ezinye iingxaki ezisonjululwa yile nto?
Uluhlu lweengxaki ezinokuncedakala ngeFamily Therapy lubanzi kakhulu.
Iingxaki kubomi bentsapho obuqhelekileyo
- Ubudlelwane obude phakathi kwamalungu osapho.
- Uxinzelelo oluhlala luhleli.
- Umsindo ongalawulekiyo.
- Iingxaki zonxibelelwano (ukungaqondi ukuba omnye uthini, ukulwa rhoqo).
- Iziganeko ezibuhlungu eziye zenzeka kusapho.
- Xa ilungu losapho ligula ixesha elide (umz., `Multiple Sclerosis`, `Cancer`, `Stroke`), qhelana naloo meko.
- Uqhawulo-mtshato okanye ukuqhekeka kobudlelwane.
- Ukujongana notshintsho olukhawulezileyo (ukulahlekelwa ngumsebenzi, ukufudukela kwenye indawo).
Ukuba ilungu losapho linengxaki yempilo yengqondo
- Iingxaki zokuxhalaba - umzekelo, i-Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD).
- Iingxaki zokutya - umz. i-Anorexia.
- Iingxaki zeemvakalelo - umz. iBipolar disorder, uxinezeleko.
- Iingxaki zobuntu - umz. Ingxaki yoBuntu eMida. I-Schizophrenia ibangelwa ziimvakalelo .
- Ukuxhomekeka kwiziyobisi okanye utywala (`Ingxaki yokusebenzisa iziyobisi`).
Iingxaki zokuziphatha ebantwaneni
- Ingxaki yokuziphatha (ukuziphatha okulimaza abanye nokwaphula imithetho).
- Ingxaki yokungavumi ukuchasana (ODD) (indlela yokuziphatha edla ngokuchasana nomsindo kubantu abadala).
Ukongeza, iintsapho ezinabantwana abaneengxaki ezifana ne-'Autism Spectrum Disorder' okanye 'Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)' nazo zingazuza kakhulu kunyango losapho.
Ungamfumana njani umntu olungileyo onceda abantu abanengxaki yosapho?
Ukufumana umcebisi olungileyo nonamava kunokuba ngumceli mngeni, kodwa ungatyhafi.
- Buza ugqirha wakho wosapho: Ukuba ubuza ugqirha wakho oqhelekileyo ngale nto, unokukwazi ukucebisa ingcali elungileyo.
- Buza abantu obathembayo: Buza umhlobo okanye isalamane osithembayo ngale nto.
- Sebenzisa i-intanethi:Ulwazi lunokufumaneka nakwiiwebhusayithi zezikhungo ezifana neSri Lankan Psychological Association.
Qinisekisa ukuba umntu omkhethayo ngumntu oqeqeshiweyo novunyiweyo ngurhulumente. Kwakhona, khangela umntu onamava ngemiba ethile yosapho lwakho (umz., uqhawulo-mtshato, ukuziphatha komntwana). Ngaphambi kokuba ukhethe umcebisi, yingcinga entle ukubuza imibuzo efana nale:
- Unexesha elingakanani unika olu nyango?
- Ucinga ukuba loluphi unyango olufanelekileyo kusapho lwethu?
- Lingakanani ixesha esiza kulidinga ukulinika lonke inkqubo yonyango?
Le nkqubo yonyango yenzeka njani?
Unyango lweNtsapho yindawo ekhuselekileyo apho iintsapho zinokuthetha ngokukhululekileyo ngaphandle kokugweba. Ngenxa yokuba umcebisi ejonga iingxaki zentsapho ngembono engaphandle, anganceda usapho luqonde iinkalo ezingabonakaliyo kubo.
Umcebisi angenza izinto ezinje:
- Ilungu ngalinye losapho libuzwa ngokwalo malunga neengxaki zalo, imingeni, kunye nolindelo oluvela kwezi ndlela zonyango.
- Ukhuthaza wonke umntu ukuba athethe aze amamele ngononophelo oko kuthethwa ngabanye.
- Ukuchaza amazwi neemvakalelo zomnye nomnye kunceda wonke umntu ukuba aqonde omnye umntu.
- Ikunceda uqonde indlela amazwi nezenzo zakho ezibachaphazela ngayo abanye.
- Uxoxa ngendlela esinokusebenzisana ngayo ukuze senze utshintsho oluhle.
- Icebisa iindlela zokutshintsha iindlela zokuziphatha ezinengxaki kunye neepateni.
Ukuze olu nyango luphumelele, kubalulekile ukuba wonke umntu obandakanyekayo athembeke, avuleleke, kwaye azimisele ukwenza utshintsho oluhle. Ukuthembana phakathi komcebisi nosapho yeyona nto ibalulekileyo kolu hambo.
Inani kunye nobude bexesha leeseshoni zonyango ziyahluka ngokweentsapho. Ngamanye amaxesha iingxaki zinokusonjululwa kwiiseshoni ezimbalwa nje. Kwiimeko ezinzima ngakumbi, kunokuthatha iinyanga okanye ngaphezulu.
Zithini iingenelo ze-Family Therapy?
Uphando lufumanise nokuba unyango lwentsapho lunyango olusebenzayo kakhulu kwiingxaki ezininzi zengqondo nezeemvakalelo.
- Malunga nama-90% abo bafumene unyango baxele ukuba impilo yabo yeemvakalelo iphucukile.
- Malunga nama-66% abantu baye baxela ukuba impilo yabo yomzimba iyonke iphucukile.
- Kwimiba yabazali nabantwana, malunga ne-73% yabazali baxele ukuba ukuziphatha komntwana wabo kuye kwaphucuka.
Ngale nkqubela phambili, kunokwenzeka ukuba umntu asebenze ngcono emsebenzini okanye esikolweni.
Ngaba kukho naziphi na iingxaki okanye iingozi koku?
Unyango losapho alulungelanga wonke umntu. Ukuba ilungu losapho elinye alifuni ukuthatha inxaxheba, oku kunokukhokelela ekwandeni kwengxabano yosapho. Kuqhelekile ukuba uzive ungakhululekanga kwaye ulusizi xa uthetha ngezinto ezibuhlungu kwixesha elidlulileyo, ezifana noloyiko. Umcebisi olungileyo angakunceda ulwe nezo mvakalelo.
Ukuze unyango luphumelele, kubalulekile ukuba abathathi-nxaxheba benze oku kulandelayo:
- Ukunyaniseka nokuvuleleka kumcebisi.
- Ukuzibophelela ekudaleni utshintsho oluhle.
- Ukulandela isicwangciso sonyango esivunyiweyo.
- Ukwenza izinto ezifana nemisebenzi yasekhaya enikwe ngutitshala ngqo.
Ufanele ubonane nini nogqirha okanye umcebisi?
Ukuba uvakalelwa kukuba ukungonwabi kwakho, ixhala, okanye iimpawu zokudakumba ziya zisiba mandundu ngexesha lonyango, yazisa umcebisi okanye ugqirha wakho ngoko nangoko.
Okubaluleke kakhulu: Ukuba wena okanye umntu kusapho lwakho unengcinga zokuzenzakalisa, nceda ungagcini loo nto kuwe. Bona ugqirha ngoko nangoko okanye uye kwigumbi likaxakeka lesibhedlele elikufutshane (ETU). Ukufumana uncedo yeyona nto ibalulekileyo.
Kwanengcinga yokuthetha nomnye umntu ngeengxaki zosapho inokuba nzima kakhulu, kodwa ukuthatha elo nyathelo kunokuba sesona sigqibo silungileyo onokusenza ukuze wonwabe kwaye uphile kakuhle nosapho lwakho.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Unyango lweNtsapho yindlela yonyango yokuthetha equka ukusebenza kunye njengentsapho kunye nokusebenza nengcali eqeqeshiweyo ukuphucula ubudlelwane bentsapho kunye nonxibelelwano.
- Oku kunokunceda ekufumaneni izisombululo kwiingxaki ezininzi, ezinje ngokulwa rhoqo, ukungavisisani, uxinzelelo lwengqondo, kunye nempilo yengqondo yelungu losapho.
- Ukuze olu nyango luphumelele, kubalulekile ukuba wonke umntu kusapho abe nenxaxheba ngokunyaniseka nokuzinikela.
- Ukuba uneengxaki zosapho, ungoyiki ukucela uncedo. Ingcali enolwazi ingakubonisa indlela eya kulonwabo kwakhona.
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