Ngaba umntwana wakho une-ADHD? Nantsi indlela yokumnceda esikolweni! (I-ADHD kunye neSikolo)

Ngaba umntwana wakho akayinaki imisebenzi yesikolo? Ngaba ubonakala enengxaki yokuhlala kwindawo enye? Mhlawumbi uyadideka kancinci? Ukuba kunjalo, le isenokuba yimeko ebizwa ngokuba yi-ADHD. Musa ukoyika xa usiva oku, kuba eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukwazi. Zininzi izinto ezinokunceda umntwana onje esikolweni. Ngaba singathetha ngayo?

I-ADHD imchaphazela njani umntwana esikolweni?

Umntwana one-ADHD ( Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder ) usenokuba nexesha elinzima lokunikela ingqalelo, ukunikel’ ingqalelo, nokusebenza nzima esikolweni. Usenokuba uqaphele ukuba aba bantwana bayaphazama, bayaphazama, bathetha kakhulu, okanye bade baphazamise umsebenzi wabanye eklasini.

Khawuthelekelele, xa utitshala efundisa isifundo eklasini, kunokuba nzima kakhulu kumntwana one-ADHD ukuhlala egxile aze agxile koko kuthethwayo. Ingqondo yakhe iyabaleka, mhlawumbi ufuna ukujonga ngefestile, okanye ufuna ukubukela oko umntwana osecaleni kwakhe akwenzayo. Okanye abakwazi ukuhlala phantsi baze bashukume, besenza iingxolo ezincinci ngezandla neenyawo zabo. Oku akuyonto bayenzayo ngabom, yinxalenye yemeko. Ke ngoko, ukumkhalimela umntwana akuyi kunceda.

Ukongeza, abanye abantwana abane-ADHD banokusokola nezinye iimeko ezibizwa ngokuba zii-learning disability, ezinokwenza umsebenzi wesikolo ube nzima nangakumbi. Umzekelo, banokuba neengxaki ezithile ekufundeni, ekubhaleni, okanye kwizibalo.

Ootitshala baziqonda njani iimpawu ze-ADHD?

Amaxesha amaninzi, abantwana abane-ADHD baqala isikolo ngaphambi kokuba baqonde ngokupheleleyo ngesi sifo. Abazali banokucinga ukuba umntwana wabo ungumntu okrwada okanye onqenayo kancinci. Ngoko ke, ngamaxesha anje , ootitshala badla ngokuba ngabokuqala ukubona iimpawu ze-ADHD kumntwana wabo. Ngabo bachitha ixesha elininzi nomntwana wabo.

Bangathetha nabazali bomntwana ngale nto. Banokuthi, "Unyana/intombi yakho iziphatha ngendlela eyahlukileyo eklasini, ibonakala ingakhathali kangako, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha iyabaphazamisa abanye abantwana." Xa utitshala ethetha into efana nale, musa ukucaphuka, kodwa mamela ngononophelo. Abazali banokuthumela umntwana kugqirha ofanelekileyo, mhlawumbi ugqirha wabantwana okanye ugqirha wengqondo wabantwana nabakwishumi elivisayo, ukuqinisekisa ukuba oku kuyi-ADHD ngokwenene, kwaye ukuba kunjalo, yintoni uhlobo lwayo.

Ootitshala banokunceda njani umntwana one-ADHD?

Nje ukuba ugqirha aqinisekise ukuba umntwana wakho une-ADHD, kubaluleke kakhulu ukwazisa bonke ootitshala abafundisa umntwana wakho. Xelela oku kungekuphela nje kutitshala weklasi, kodwa nakootitshala abafundisa ezinye izifundo. Oku kuya kubanceda baqonde iimfuno zomntwana wakho, kubancede ngokufanelekileyo, kwaye banike ingqalelo ekhethekileyo eklasini.

Zithini izicwangciso zemfundo ekhethekileyo (isicwangciso se-IEP kunye nesicwangciso se-504)?

Ootitshala banokukunceda uqonde ukuba umntwana wakho uyayidinga na i-IEP (Individualized Education Program), okanye isicwangciso se-504 .

Nangona ezi ziindlela ezifumaneka kwinkqubo yemfundo yaseMelika, eSri Lanka kukwakho neendlela ezahlukeneyo kwinqanaba lesikolo zokuxhasa abantwana abaneemfuno ezizodwa. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuchonga inkxaso ekhethekileyo umntwana ayidingayo, ukuyixoxa nesikolo, kwaye uyilungiselele umntwana.

Kalula nje:

• I-IEP (Inkqubo yeMfundo yoMntu ngamnye): Esi sisicwangciso esibhaliweyo esenzelwe umntwana wakho. Sibonelela ngeenkonzo zemfundo ekhethekileyo kunye neenkonzo ezinxulumene noko (ezifana nonyango lokuthetha) ezenzelwe umntwana wakho. Utitshala womntwana wakho unokucebisa uvavanyo ukuze abone ukuba umntwana wakho angazuza na kwi-IEP.
• Isicwangciso se-504: Esi sicwangciso sikwabonelela ngeenkonzo kunye notshintsho kwindawo yokufunda ukuze kuhlangatyezwane neemfuno zomntwana. Umzekelo, oku kungabandakanya ukunika umntwana ixesha elingakumbi lokubhala uvavanyo, okanye ukuba ahlale kwindawo engaphazamisi kakhulu kwigumbi lokufundela, okanye ukunika ixesha elongezelelweyo lemisebenzi.

ESri Lanka, kukho iinkqubo ezahlukeneyo kunye neenkonzo zokunika iingcebiso kwinqanaba lesikolo nakwinqanaba loMphathiswa Wezemfundo ukuxhasa abantwana abanjalo. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuthetha ngokukhululekileyo ngale nto notitshala kunye nenqununu yomntwana wakho.

Ukubaluleka kokunxibelelana rhoqo nootitshala

Ootitshala banokuthetha nawe ngenkqubela yomntwana wakho. Buza utitshala rhoqo malunga nendlela umntwana wakho aqhuba ngayo esikolweni, ukuba wenza kakuhle kangakanani, kunye nokuba unengxaki enjani. Ngamanye amaxesha ukusebenzisa incwadi yonxibelelwano, eninokwabelana ngayo namanqaku malunga nenkqubela yomntwana wakho, yindlela elungileyo yokwabelana ngamanqaku.

Khawucinge nje, ukuba umntwana wakho ebenikela ingqalelo enzulu kwisifundo eklasini namhlanje, utitshala angasibhala phantsi kuloo ncwadi. Emva koko ungamncoma umntwana wakho ekhaya, uthi, 'Namhlanje utitshala uthe ufunde kakuhle, ndonwabile kakhulu, nyana/ntombi.' Kwakhona, ukuba ubona into umntwana wakho anengxaki yokuyenza ekhaya, okanye ukuba ubona naluphi na utshintsho kwindlela aziphethe ngayo umntwana wakho, ungamxelela utitshala. Olu tshintshiselwano lolwazi oluphakathi kwamacala amabini lubaluleke kakhulu.

Masichonge size sincede iimfuno ezikhethekileyo zomntwana.

Ootitshala banokugxila kwiimfuno zomntwana wakho. Kuba ayingabo bonke abantwana abane-ADHD abafanayo. Imingeni yomntu wonke yahlukile.

• Abanye abantwana bafuna uncedo lokunika ingqalelo nokulawula izinto ezibaphazamisayo.
• Abanye bafuna uncedo lokuhlala becwangcisiwe – izinto ezifana neencwadi, idesika, kunye nokufika ngexesha.
• Abanye abantwana bayathandabuza ukuqala umsebenzi, okanye banengxaki yokugqiba umsebenzi abawuqalileyo.
• Abanye abantwana abane-ADHD nabo banobunzima bokuhlala bezolile okanye ukusebenza buthule.

Buza utitshala, 'Imchaphazela njani i-ADHD yomntwana wam eklasini? Ndingenza ntoni ekhaya ukuze ndimncede ngomsebenzi wakhe wesikolo?' Le ngxoxo ivulekileyo yeyona ndlela ilungileyo yokuxhasa umntwana wakho.

Oko ootitshala banokukwenza ukunceda abantwana babo baphumelele

Kuxhomekeke kwinto umntwana ayidingayo, utitshala angenza izinto ezininzi eklasini. Ezinye zezi ziquka:

• Hlalisa umntwana wakho kwindawo engenaziphazamiso zingako: Umzekelo, hlala umntwana wakho kwindawo engenaziphazamiso zingako, njengakufutshane nefestile okanye ucango, ngaphambili kweklasi, kufutshane notitshala, nakude nefestile. Oku kuya kunceda umntwana wakho angaphazanyiswa kakhulu yinto eyenzekayo ngaphandle kunye noko abanye abantu bakwenzayo.
• Ukunika imiyalelo ecacileyo nemfutshane: Abantwana abane-ADHD banokuyiqonda ngokulula imiyalelo emifutshane, ecacileyo, ethatha inyathelo ngenyathelo, efana nokuthi 'qala wenze oku, uze wenze okuya,' endaweni yeenkcazo ezinde.
• Gcina iinkqubo nemithetho elula yeklasi: Kulula ukuba abantwana babe nenkqubo ecacileyo nehambelanayo yonke imihla. Izinto ezinje, 'Xa ufika eklasini, beka ibhegi yakho apha, cwangcisa iincwadi zakho ngolu hlobo.' Emva koko bayazi ukuba kuza kwenzeka ntoni emva koko.
• Yiba nobubele, umkhuthaze, kwaye ube nethemba kumntwana wakho: Soloko umncoma umntwana wakho ngemizamo yakhe, nokuba mincinci kangakanani na. Ukuthi izinto ezinje, "Usebenze nzima namhlanje, kulungile oko," okanye "Kuhle ukuba uzame ukuphendula," kuya kumkhuthaza umntwana wakho. Ukukhuthaza kusebenza ngakumbi kunesohlwayo.
• Ulungelelwaniso: Izinto ezinje ngokunceda umntwana wakho agcine iincwadi zakhe kunye nedesika yakhe ihlelekile, ukubanceda benze uluhlu lwezinto ekufuneka zenziwe, kunye nokumqhelanisa nokusebenzisa ikhalenda.
• Bakhokele ukuba basebenze kancinci kwaye bangangxami: Abantwana abane-ADHD badla ngokungxama emsebenzini baze benze iimpazamo. Kubalulekile ukubakhumbuza, 'Musa ukukhathazeka, zinike ixesha lakho, kwaye uwufunde kakuhle umbuzo.'
• Ukukunika iingcebiso zokukugcina usemgceni: Ukuba uyaphazamiseka ngelixa usenza isifundo, mkhumbuze ngokukhawuleza njengokuthi, "Besisenza ntoni ngoku, nyana?" okanye umbethe egxalabeni umntwana wakho ukuze afumane ingqalelo yakhe.
• Ukubonelela ngamathuba amancinci okuhambahamba eklasini: Ekubeni kunzima kubafundi ukuhlala kwindawo enye ixesha elide, ukubanika umsebenzi omncinci (umz., ukuyolanda i-duster, ukuzisa incwadi, ukuzisa into edesikeni katitshala) nokubanika ithuba lokuhambahamba kubanika ithuba lokuhambahamba kancinci baze bakhulule amandla abo.
• Ukuvumela ixesha elongezelelekileyo ukugqiba umsebenzi: Abanye abantwana banokuthatha ixesha elide kunabanye ukugqiba umsebenzi. Ukubavumela ukuba benze njalo kubalulekile, ingakumbi ngexesha leemviwo.
• Ukufundisa abantwana ukuphonononga umsebenzi wabo nokubona iimpazamo ezingakhathaliyo:Ukufundisa izinto ezinje, 'Jonga impendulo oyibhalileyo kwakhona, ubone ukuba kukho impazamo encinci na ndaweni ithile, ngaba inani litshintshiwe, ngaba unobumba ulahlekile?'

Ubanceda njani abantwana abadala (abafana ne-A-level, i-O-level)?

Kubantwana abadala kancinci, oko kukuthi, abantwana abane-ADHD kwiiklasi ezifana ne-O/L kunye ne-A/L, ootitshala banokwenza izinto ezifana nezi:

• Izakhono zokufunda zokufundisa: Umzekelo, ukufundisa iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokubhala amanqaku, indlela yokwenza iimephu zengqondo, indlela yokufunda ngokuvakalayo, kunye nendlela yokulungiselela iimvavanyo kunye nolawulo lwexesha.
• Yahlulahlula iiprojekthi ezinkulu, ezinamanyathelo amaninzi kunye nemisebenzi ibe ziinxalenye ezincinci nezilawulekayo: Xa bejongene nomsebenzi omkhulu ngaxeshanye, abantwana banokuziva bexinekile kwaye bengafuni nokuqala. Kulula ukuwuhlulahlula ube ziinxalenye ezincinci, ubaxelele, "Okokuqala, gqiba le nxalenye kule veki, uze emva koko ube ngowale." Cinga ngeprojekthi enkulu, uyihlulahlule ibe ziinxalenye ezifana "nokufumana ulwazi," "ukuyilungiselela," "ukubhala uyilo," kunye "nokuyigqiba," kwaye unike inxalenye nganye ixesha elibekiweyo.

Amandla esimo sengqondo esihle sikatitshala

Okubaluleke ngaphezu kwako konke oku sisimo sengqondo sikatitshala. Ootitshala banokuveza okona kulungileyo kumntwana wakho. Xa ootitshala bebona okona kulungileyo kubafundi babo, abafundi baqala ukubona okona kulungileyo kubo. Ootitshala banokunika abantwana umyalezo wokuba 'wonke umntwana, nokuba une-ADHD okanye akanayo, unokukhula, afunde, aze aphumelele.' Oku kubaluleke kakhulu ekuzithembeni komntwana kunye nenkuthazo. Xa utitshala esithi, 'Ungakwenza oku,' 'Ulungile,' 'Ukuba uyazama, akunakwenzeka,' umntwana uya kuzama ukukwenza. Utitshala obona amandla omntwana kunokuba abone ukusilela kwakhe, yeyona nto ibalulekileyo umntwana one-ADHD anokuba nayo.

Izinto ezibalulekileyo ekufuneka uzikhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Ngoko ke, ukuba umntwana wakho une-ADHD, musa ukoyika. Asikokuphela kwehlabathi. Asikokwakho, kwaye asikokwakho. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuqonda umntwana nokumnika inkxaso, uthando, kunye nolwalathiso aludingayo.

• Okokuqala, fumana ukuxilongwa ngokuchanekileyo kwe-ADHD kugqirha ofanelekileyo. Kuphephe ukuzixilonga.
• Thetha ngokukhululekileyo nangokunyaniseka ngale nto nootitshala bomntwana wakho. Ngabona bantu babalulekileyo ukunceda umntwana wakho esikolweni. Yakha ubudlelwane obuhle.
• Chonga amandla omntwana wakho uze umkhuthaze. Wonke umntwana ulungile kwinto ethile. Fumana loo nto uze umncede ayiphuhlise.
• Ekhaya, fundisa umntwana wakho ukusebenza ngendlela ehlelekileyo, ulandele isiqhelo esiqhelekileyo, kwaye uziqhelise ukunikela ingqalelo. Kukwalungile nokumqhelanisa nemisebenzi emincinci yasekhaya.
• Sebenzisana nootitshala ukuphuhlisa indlela yokufunda kunye nenkxaso ngaphakathi esikolweni efanelekileyo kumntwana.
• Yiba nomonde nothando ngomntwana wakho. Ngezinye iintsuku kuya kuba nzima, kodwa inkxaso yakho iya kuba namandla amakhulu kumntwana wakho. Mncome ngemizamo yomntwana wakho.
• Ukuba kuyimfuneko, cinga ngezinto ezifana neengcebiso okanye unyango lokuziphatha.

I-ADHD ayisiyonto ithintela izakhono zomntwana. Singayilawula, sisebenzise ngokupheleleyo izakhono zomntwana ezikhethekileyo, kwaye sincede umntwana aphile ubomi obuphumelelayo nobonwabisayo. Awuwedwa kolu hambo, kwaye kukho oogqirha abaninzi, ootitshala, kunye nabacebisi abanokukunceda kwaye bakukhokele kolu hambo.

` I-ADHD, isikolo, imfundo, ootitshala, abantwana, ingqalelo, ukusebenza ngokugqithisileyo, ukufunda