Ngamanye amaxesha, thina okanye umntu kusapho lwethu sinokuba nobunzima bokutya okanye ukuginya ngenxa yokugula, utyando olukhulu, okanye ukwaluphala. Ityhubhu yokondla sisixhobo esikhethekileyo esisetyenziselwa ukubonelela umzimba ngezondlo ozifunayo. Nangona abantu abaninzi besoyika kancinci eli gama, eneneni sisixhobo sezonyango esibaluleke kakhulu esinokunceda ekusindiseni ubomi. Ngoko ke, masithethe ngayo yonke le nto namhlanje.
Yintoni ityhubhu yokondla? Isebenza njani?
Ngamafutshane, ityhubhu yokondla yityhubhu yeplastiki eguquguqukayo efakwa esiswini okanye emathunjini akho ukuze ikunike isondlo osifunayo. Le ndlela ngokwezonyango ibizwa ngokuba yi-"enteral nutrition". Ukuba unemeko eyenza kube nzima ukuhlafuna okanye ukuginya ukutya, njengesifo sikaParkinson, okanye ukuba awukwazi ukutya ngenxa yesifo esinzulu njengomhlaza, ugqirha wakho unokucebisa le ndlela.
Ngokuxhomekeke kwimeko yakho, le tube ifakwa ngempumlo, ngomlomo, okanye ibekwe ngqo esiswini okanye emathunjini ngotyando. Iityhubhu zempumlo okanye zomlomo azidingi utyando. Zihlala zisetyenziselwa iinjongo zexeshana . Ezinye iintlobo zeetyhubhu zifuna utyando oluncinci ukuze zifakwe.
Liyinyaniso elokuba ukuba netyhubhu yokutyela kunokuba yinto engathandekiyo ngamanye amaxesha. Kuya kufuneka utshintshe indlela olala ngayo kwaye uchithe ixesha elongezelelekileyo ugcina ityhubhu icocekile.
Kodwa, akuyi kuyithintela ubomi bakho. Ungaphuma nabahlobo, uzilolonge, kwaye ube nesondo kubomi bakho bomtshato ngaphandle kwemiqathango. Ungawugcina lo mbhobho ixesha elide kangangoko ufuna. Abanye abantu bondliwa ngolu hlobo ubomi babo bonke.
Umxube wesondlo owenziwe ngokukodwa ulwelo unikwa ngetyhubhu. Ugqirha wakho okanye ingcali yesondlo uya kukhetha umxube oqulethe yonke into oyifunayo, kuquka iiproteni, iicarbohydrate, amafutha, iivithamini kunye neeminerali. Amanzi kunye namanye amayeza anokunikwa ngale tyhubhu.
Ziziphi iimeko zonyango ezifuna ityhubhu yokondla?
Kukho izizathu ezininzi eziphambili zokuba ugqirha wakho angacebisa ityhubhu yokutyisa. Makhe sijonge ukuba zeziphi ezo.
| Isizathu | Umzekelo, izifo |
|---|---|
| Izifo ezichaphazela inkqubo yokugaya ukutya | Umhlaza wenkqubo yokugaya ukutya, isifo sikaCrohn esinzima, ukuvaleka kwamathumbu, isifo samathumbu amafutshane. |
| Ubunzima bokuhlafuna okanye ukuginya ukutya | Istroke, umhlaza wentloko nentamo, izifo zemithambo-luvo, ukucutheka komqala. |
| Ukulahlekelwa ngumdla wokutya okanye ukungakwazi ukutya wedwa | Ezinye iintlobo zomhlaza ezinzulu, ukukhubazeka komzimba, kunye neengxaki zokutya ezinzulu. |
| Ezinye izizathu | Ixesha lokuchacha emva kotyando elichaphazela ukutya okanye ukugaya ukutya, ukuba ngumntu ongazi nto (coma). |
Ziziphi iintlobo zeetyhubhu zokutya ezikhoyo?
Iityhubhu zokutyisa zahlulwe ngokubanzi zibe ziintlobo ezahlukeneyo ngokusekwe kwindawo kunye nendlela yokufakwa emzimbeni. Khumbula, ukuba isondlo siyadingeka ngaphantsi kweeveki ezi-6, kusetyenziswa ityhubhu efakwe ngempumlo okanye ngomlomo, ngelixa ukuba ifuneka ixesha elide, kusetyenziswa ityhubhu efakwe ngotyando.
Iityhubhu zexeshana ezifakwa ngempumlo nasemlonyeni
Ezi zezokusetyenziswa ixesha elifutshane.
- Iityhubhu zeNasogastric: Ezi tyhubhu ziqala empumlweni zize ziphele esiswini. Zisetyenziswa ezibhedlele ukubonelela ngesondlo sexesha elifutshane kunye namayeza.
- Iityhubhu zeNasojejunal kunye neNasoduodenal: Ezi ziqala empumlweni zize ziphele kwijejunum okanye kwiduodenum, eziyinxalenye yamathumbu amancinci.
- Iityhubhu ze-Orogastric kunye ne-Oroenteric: Ezi zifakwa ngomlomo ziye esiswini okanye emathunjini amancinci endaweni yempumlo. Ezi nazo zezexeshana.
Iityhubhu zexesha elide ezifakwa ngotyando
Ezi zisetyenziselwa ukondla ixesha elide.
- Iityhubhu zesisu (G): Ityhubhu ifakwa ngotyando ngesikhumba sesisu ngqo esiswini.
- Iityhubhu zeJejunostomy (J): Zifakwa ngotyando ngqo kwijejunum.
- Ityhubhu ye-PEG `(Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy)`: Le yindlela yotyando lwe-`(endoscopic)`, oko kukuthi, ityhubhu enekhamera encinci (`endoscope`) ifakwa ngomlomo, ijongwe ngaphakathi esiswini, kwaye indawo efanelekileyo yokufaka ityhubhu ikhethwa kwaye ifakwe esiswini.
- Ityhubhu yeRIG okanye yeRIJ:Kumntu ongakwaziyo ukwenza i-endoscopy, kusetyenziswa indlela efana ne-X-ray ukubeka ityhubhu kwindawo eyiyo.
- Ityhubhu ye-PEG-J: Kule nto, ityhubhu ifakwa ngesisu iye esiswini ize inamathele kwi-jejunum.
Ukufakwa kwetyhubhu emzimbeni kunye nokubuyiselwa kwayo
Utyando lokufaka ityhubhu yokutyisa ludla ngokuba lula. Ugqirha wenza utyando oluncinci eluswini lwesisu aze afake ityhubhu esiswini okanye emathunjini.
Uya kucetyiswa ukuba ungatyi okanye usele kangangeeyure ezisi-8 ngaphambi kotyando. Esibhedlele, uza kunikwa amayeza okudambisa iintlungu, iipilisi zokulala, kunye nee-antibiotics ngomthambo. Iyeza lokudambisa iintlungu liza kufakwa kwindawo apho ityhubhu iza kufakwa khona. Oku kuya kukunceda ungabi nantlungu ingako.
Ixesha elininzi, olu tyando lwenziwa njenge-"endoscopy." Oko kukuthi, ityhubhu enekhamera ifakwa ngomlomo ize ityhubhu ibekwe ngelixa ujonge ngaphakathi. Olu tyando ludla ngokuthatha malunga nemizuzu engama-30-45.
Emva kotyando, oogqirha kunye nabongikazi baya kukujonga ngokusondeleyo ukuze babone ukuba kukho usulelo okanye ukopha. Usenokuba nolwelo oluncinci olujikeleze ityhubhu kusuku lokuqala okanye ezimbini. Oku kuqhelekile. Emva kokuba inxeba lipholile, kuya kufuneka ucoce indawo yonke imihla ngesepha namanzi.
Kwiintsuku ezimbalwa zokuqala, ungaziva intlungu encinci apho kufakwe khona ityhubhu, ngokungathi kukho inyama ekhutshwayo. Ugqirha uza kukunika amayeza okudambisa iintlungu. Ngokwesiqhelo, le tyhubhu ingasetyenziswa kangangeenyanga eziliqela, ngamanye amaxesha kwaneminyaka emibini okanye emithathu.
Ukunyamekela kunye nokondla ityhubhu
Oogqirha kunye nabahlengikazi baza kukunceda unyamekele ityhubhu ngelixa usesibhedlele. Xa ubuyela ekhaya, umsebenzi wezempilo wasekhaya (njengomongikazi) uza kukunika imiyalelo ecacileyo malunga nendlela yokusebenzisa kunye nokugcina ityhubhu icocekile.
Imiyalelo ngokubanzi yokunyamekela ityhubhu:
- Gcina izandla zakho zicocekile: Hlamba izandla zakho ngesepha ngaphambi kokuba uchukumise ityhubhu.
- Thintela ukuba ityhubhu ingavaleki: Le yeyona ngxaki ixhaphakileyo. Ngoko ke, `hlamba` ityhubhu ngamanzi axelelwe ngugqirha wakho ukuba uwasebenzise ngaphambi nasemva kokumnika ukutya okanye amayeza . Ufanele 'uhlambe' ityhubhu nokuba ngeentsuku ongazisebenzisiyo.
- Lumka kwiintsholongwane: Gcina indawo apho umbhobho ungena khona eluswini - esiwubiza ngokuba yi-"stoma" - icocekile kwaye yomile ngamaxesha onke. Yijonge yonke imihla ukuba ibomvu, idumbile, kwaye ibonakalisa iimpawu zosulelo.
- Impilo yomlomo: Nokuba unikwa ityhubhu kuphela, hlamba amazinyo, iintsini, nolwimi yonke imihla. Sebenzisa i-lip balm ukuthintela imilebe eyomileyo.
Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga kunye nexesha lokubona ugqirha ngoko nangoko
Njengakwezinye iindlela zonyango, ityhubhu yokondla inokubangela iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga. Kwakhona, kwezinye iimeko, kufuneka kufunwe iingcebiso zonyango ngoko nangoko. Masizahlule zombini ezi zinto.
| Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezinokubakho | Ixesha lokufuna ingcebiso yezonyango ngokukhawuleza |
|---|---|
| Ukungakhululeki empumlweni okanye emqaleni. | Ityhubhu iyaphuma. |
| Isicaphucaphu, isisu esibuhlungu, ukudumba, okanye ukuqhina. | Ukungakwazi ukudlulisa ukutya ngetyhubhu (kunamathele). |
| Ukuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni (ukungabikho kwamanzi emzimbeni). | Ulwelo oluvuzayo luvela kwityhubhu. |
| Usulelo kwindawo yokufaka ityhubhu. | Ukugcwala kwesisu okanye ukuhlanza. |
Thetha nogqirha wakho ngale micimbi. Ezi zinokusonjululwa ngokutshintsha umxube wesondlo okanye idosi, okanye ngokunika amanye amayeza.
Uphila njani ubomi obuqhelekileyo ngetyhubhu yokondla?
Xa ungakwazi ukutya njengabanye abantu, ungaziva ngathi ushiywe ngaphandle. Ungaphoswa yincasa yokutya. Ungazibuza ukuba abanye baza kucinga ntoni ngetyhubhu. Kodwa ngokucwangcisa okuncinci, konke oku kunokulawulwa.
- Iziganeko zoluntu nokutya: Oku kunzima kancinci. Ungagcina ikhadi elincinci elichaza ngokufutshane isizathu sokuba ungatyi. Ukuba uqinisekile, kuya kuba yinto eqhelekileyo nakwabanye. Abanye abantu badibanisa 'ipompo' yabo baze bajoyine abanye "ekutyeni".
- Ubudlelwane obusondeleyo kunye nobomi besondo:Ngonxibelelwano oluvulekileyo nokucwangcisa okuncinci, wena neqabane lakho ninokuphila ubomi obuqhelekileyo. Umzekelo, ningachitha ixesha kunye xa ningatyi. Musa ukuba namahloni okuthetha nogqirha wakho ngale nto.
- Ukuhlala usebenza: Akunyanzelekanga ukuba uyeke ukuzilolonga kuba nje unetyhubhu. Ungenza izinto ezifana nokubaleka nokuhamba. Kodwa buza ugqirha wakho ngemithambo esebenza izihlunu zakho zesisu, njengeyoga. Nje ukuba inxeba liphole ngokupheleleyo, ungadada emanzini acocekileyo (njengedama lokudada eligcinwe kakuhle).
- Fumana inkxaso: Inkxaso yosapho lwakho kunye nabahlobo ibaluleke kakhulu ngeli xesha. Kwakhona, ukufumana iingcebiso kunye nenkxaso kwingcali (ingcali yezengqondo, umongikazi) osebenza nolu hlobo lwezigulane kuya kuba ngumthombo omkhulu wamandla.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Ityhubhu yokondla yindlela ekhuselekileyo nesebenzayo yokubonelela ngesondlo xa ungakwazi ukutya ngendlela eqhelekileyo.
- Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeetyhubhu zeemfuno zexesha elifutshane nezexesha elide.
- Ukucoca, ukucoca, kunye nokunyamekela ityhubhu ngokufanelekileyo kubalulekile ukuthintela iingxaki.
- Nokuba unetyhubhu yokondla, ungaphila ubomi obupheleleyo nobusebenzayo.
- Ukuba uneengxaki okanye amathandabuzo, thetha nogqirha wakho ngoko nangoko. Musa ukoyika okanye uzive uneentloni.
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