Sonke silivile igama elithi 'iintsholongwane', akunjalo? Ingakumbi kwikhaya elinabantwana abancinci, sihlala sisiva izinto ezinje ngokuthi "hlamba izandla zakho, ziintsholongwane" kunye nokuthi "ungatyi okuphantsi, ziintsholongwane." Zingaphi izihlandlo ngemini esizithethayo eli gama ngaphandle kokucinga? Kodwa ziyintoni kanye kanye ezi ntsholongwane? Nangona zingabonakali emehlweni, zichaphazela njani ubomi bethu? Ngaba yinyani ukuba ezinye zilungile? Namhlanje, siza kuthetha ngale nto ngokulula, ngolwimi esiluqondayo mna nawe.
Ngamafutshane, iintsholongwane zizinto eziphilayo ezincinci kakhulu ukuba zingabonwa ngamehlo enyama. Kwizonyango, sizibiza ezi ntsholongwane. Zikho kuyo yonke indawo. Emoyeni owuphefumlayo, emanzini owaselayo, emhlabeni ohamba kuwo, ekutyeni esikutyayo, emizimbeni yezilwanyana, kwizityalo... Ngamafutshane, zikho kuyo yonke indawo onokuyicinga. Ezi ntsholongwane zihlala kwiscreen sefowuni ofunda oku kuyo, kwi-carrybob oyichukumisayo, eluswini lwakho, kwanangaphakathi emzimbeni wakho.
Kodwa ungoyiki igama elithi 'iintsholongwane'. Ayizizo zonke ezi ntsholongwane ezisigulisayo. Enyanisweni, kukwakho neentsholongwane ezilungileyo ezisinceda sihlale siphilile kwaye zibalulekile kuthi. Umzekelo, ezinye iintsholongwane emathunjini ethu zisinceda ekugayeni ukutya esikutyayo kwaye zisikhusele kwiintsholongwane ezimbi ezivela ngaphandle. Nangona kunjalo, kukho ezinye iintsholongwane, ukuba zingena emizimbeni yethu, ezinokusigulisa. Yiyo loo nto kufuneka sihlambe izandla zethu rhoqo ukuthintela ukusasazeka kwezi ntsholongwane zimbi, ezibangela izifo.
Ziziphi iintlobo eziphambili zeentsholongwane?
Singazahlula iintsholongwane ezinokubangela izifo zibe ziintlobo ezine eziphambili. Uhlobo ngalunye lusebenza ngokwahlukileyo kwaye lunyangwa ngokwahlukileyo. Masiqonde oku ngokucacileyo.
| Uhlobo lwesibulali-ntsholongwane | Ingcaciso elula | Imizekelo |
|---|---|---|
| Iintsholongwane | Ezi zizinto eziphilayo ezincinci ezenziwe yiseli enye. Ziphila ngokufumana izondlo ezizidingayo kwindalo esingqongileyo. Kukho iintsholongwane ezilungileyo kunye neentsholongwane ezimbi ezibangela izifo. Ezi ntsholongwane zimbi zivelisa iityhefu emizimbeni yethu kwaye zibangela usulelo. | Iimbobo zamazinyo, usulelo lomchamo, kunye nomphimbo obuhlungu. Oogqirha badla ngokunika amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane ukunyanga ezi zifo. |
| Iintsholongwane | Iintsholongwane azizizo iiseli ezipheleleyo. Zifana nezinto zemfuza ezigqunywe ngeproteni. Azinakuphila zodwa. Zifuna enye iseli ephilayo (iseli ephethwe ngumzimba) ukuze ziphile kwaye zisasazeke. Zisasazeka ngokungena kwiiseli zomzimba wethu kwaye zilawule ezo seli. | Iintsholongwane zibangela izifo eziqala kumkhuhlane oqhelekileyo kunye nomkhuhlane ukuya kwizifo ezinzulu ezifana ne-masisi, umkhuhlane we-dengue, kunye ne-HIV/AIDS. Ii-antibiotics azisebenzi kwiintsholongwane. Zimbalwa iintsholongwane ezinee-antiviral medications. |
| Iifungi | Ezi zizinto eziphilayo ezineeseli ezininzi, ezifana nezityalo. Zikhula kakuhle kwiindawo ezifudumeleyo nezifumileyo. Cinga ngohlobo lwesikhunta esikhula kwisonka esisele siphumile iintsuku ezimbini okanye ezintathu. | Ukungunda kunye negwele ziintlobo zefungi. Usulelo lweenyawo kunye negwele lwabadlali olufana neCandida luqhelekile. Ezi azinabungozi kangako kumntu ophilileyo. Kukho amayeza okulwa nokubola okunyanga ezi fungi. |
| Iprotozoa | Ezi zizinto eziphilayo ezineseli enye ezifana neebhaktheriya. Kodwa ulwakhiwo lweseli yazo luyinkimbinkimbi ngakumbi. Zithanda kakhulu ukufuma, ngoko ke zisasaza izifo ngamanzi angcolileyo. Ezinye iiprotozoa zihlala njengeeparasite emizimbeni yezinye izilwanyana. | Ezi protozoa zibangela izifo ezifana nemalariya kunye ne-toxoplasmosis. Amayeza okulwa nezi zifo asetyenziswa ukunyanga ezi zifo. |
Khumbula into enye. Xa unomkhuhlane, ukhohlela, okanye umkhuhlane, awunakuzigqibela ngokwakho ukuba yintsholongwane okanye yibhaktheriya. Ngoko ke musa ukuya ekhemesti uze uthathe amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane wedwa. Qiniseka ukuba ubona ugqirha, ufumane uxilongo oluchanekileyo, kwaye uthathe kuphela unyango olumiselweyo.
Ezi ntsholongwane zisasazeka njani ukusuka kwenye indawo ukuya kwenye?
Iintsholongwane zifana nomkhosi ofihlakeleyo. Zisebenzisa iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokusasazeka ukusuka kwenye indawo ukuya kwenye, ukusuka komnye umntu ukuya komnye.
- Ukudibana ngqo: Iintsholongwane zinokudluliselwa ngokuthe ngqo ngokuthinta, ukuxhawula izandla, ukumanga, okanye ukumanga umntu ogulayo. Kwakhona, ukwabelana ngezinto ezifana neekomityi, iipleyiti, amacephe, kunye neetawuli ezisetyenziswa ngumntu ogulayo kunokusasaza isifo.
- Ngomoya: Xa umntu osulelekileyo ekhohlela okanye ethimla, amathontsi amancinci amathe emlonyeni nasempumlweni aphuma aye kwindawo engqongileyo. La mathontsi anokuba nezigidi zeentsholongwane. Xa siphefumla loo moya, ezo ntsholongwane zingena emizimbeni yethu.
- Ukuchukumisa iindawo ezingcolileyo: Le yindlela ephambili esizithatha ngayo iintsholongwane ngokungazi. Khawuthelekelele, usebhasini uze uchukumise ucingo. Lunokuba neentsholongwane ezandleni zabantu abaninzi abakhe bachukumisa ucingo ngaphambili. Emva koko utya into ngaloo sandla sinye, okanye uchukumise impumlo yakho, umlomo, okanye amehlo. Kulapho ke iintsholongwane zinokungena khona emzimbeni wakho ngokulula. Le ngozi ikhona kuyo yonke indawo esiyichukumisayo yonke imihla, njengeebhanti zomnyango, imali yamaphepha, oomatshini be-ATM, kunye neetafile.
- Ukutya namanzi angacocekanga: Iintsholongwane ezifana neebhaktheriya kunye neprotozoa zinokungena lula emzimbeni ngokutya okungacocwanga nokuphekiweyo kakuhle kunye namanzi angacocekanga. Yiyo loo nto sisoloko sicebisa ukuba sisele amanzi abilayo, sihlambe izandla zethu kakuhle ngaphambi kokutya, kwaye sihlambe iziqhamo nemifuno kakuhle.
- Ngezilwanyana nezinambuzane: Njengokuba i-dengue kunye ne-malaria zidluliselwa ziingcongconi, xa ezinye izilwanyana ziluma, amathe azo anokudlulisela iintsholongwane emizimbeni yethu ngoko nangoko.
Iintsholongwane zingaphila ixesha elingakanani kwindawo engaphandle?
Lo ngumbuzo abantu abaninzi abawubuzayo. Uhlobo ngalunye lwentsholongwane lunexesha elahlukileyo lobomi kwindawo engaphandle, oko kukuthi, kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo. Zininzi izinto ezimisela ixesha elo lobomi:
- Uhlobo lwentsholongwane: Ixesha liyahluka ngokuxhomekeke ekubeni yintsholongwane, intsholongwane, okanye ifungus.
- Uhlobo lomphezulu: Ingaphila ixesha elide kwiindawo ezingenamibhobho efana nesinyithi neplastiki. Ingaphila ixesha elifutshane kwiindawo ezinemibhobho efana nelaphu nephepha.
- Indalo: Ubushushu kunye nokufuma kwendawo nako kuyayichaphazela le nto.
Makhe sibone ukuba ezinye iintsholongwane ezihlala zifumaneka zihlala ixesha elingakanani kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo.
| Uhlobo lwesibulali-ntsholongwane | Ixesha lokulinda (ดีวน ประ มาร) |
|---|---|
| Iintsholongwane zomkhuhlane | Ingaphila kwiindawo eziqinileyo kangangeveki. Nangona kunjalo, emva kweeyure ezingama-24 zokuqala, amandla ayo okusasaza izifo ayancipha kakhulu. Ingaphila ezandleni kangangeyure. |
| Intsholongwane yomkhuhlane (intsholongwane yomkhuhlane) | Ingahlala kwiindawo eziqinileyo iiyure ezingama-24-48. |
| Intsholongwane ye-corona | Ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo lomphezulu, unokuhlala iiyure ezimbalwa ukuya kwiintsuku ezimbalwa. |
| Iintsholongwane (umzekelo E. coli, Salmonella) | Nangona ngamanye amaxesha zifa kwimizuzu engama-20 nje kuphela, ezinye iintlobo zingaphila kwiindawo eziqinileyo ukuya kuthi ga kwiiyure ezi-4. |
| I-Clostridium difficile (C. diff) | Le yintsholongwane eyingozi kakhulu. Ingaphila kwiindawo eziqinileyo ukuya kuthi ga kwiinyanga ezi-5. |
Ziziphi iindlela zokutshabalalisa iintsholongwane?
Sisebenzisa izinto ezahlukeneyo ukutshabalalisa ezi ntshaba zingabonakaliyo ezisingqongileyo. Kodwa ngaba zonke ziyasebenza ngokwenene?
Ngaba ukuhlikihla utywala kunye ne-sanitizer yezandla kuyanceda?
Ewe. Kodwa kukho imeko enye. Isicoci sezandla okanye utywala bokuhlikihla osisebenzisayo kufuneka sibe ne-70% ye-isopropyl alcohol ubuncinane. Ezo zinepesenti ephantsi aziyi kubulala iintsholongwane ngokufanelekileyo. Ukuba ucoca umphezulu, wutshize okanye uwusule ubuncinane imizuzwana engama-30 uze uwusule.
Kuthekani nge-hydrogen peroxide?
Ewe, i-hydrogen peroxide sisibulali-ntsholongwane esilungileyo esinokubulala iintsholongwane ezininzi, kuquka iintsholongwane kunye neentsholongwane. Kodwa ikwalungele iindawo eziqinileyo nezingenamibhobho. Ukuze ufumane iziphumo ezilungileyo, yitshize phezu komphezulu uze uyivumele ihlale ubuncinane umzuzu ngaphambi kokuba uyisule.
Ngaba iviniga iyabulala iintsholongwane?
Le yingcamango eqhelekileyo engalunganga. Hayi. Ngokutsho kweZiko loLawulo lweZifo (CDC), iviniga ayisebenzi kwiintsholongwane ezininzi, kuquka intsholongwane yomkhuhlane kunye ne-coronavirus. Nangona iviniga emhlophe engaxutywanga inokubulala ezinye iintsholongwane, ayisiyonto ingcono yokubulala iintsholongwane. Ngoko ke musa ukuthembela kwiviniga ukucoca ikhaya lakho.
Ngaba ubushushu buyazitshabalalisa iintsholongwane?
Ewe, ngokuqinisekileyo. Ngokutsho kweWorld Health Organisation, amaqondo obushushu angama-60 degrees Celsius (140 degrees Fahrenheit) nangaphezulu anokubulala uninzi lweentsholongwane. Yiyo loo nto sibilisa amanzi ngaphambi kokuba siwasele. Kwakhona, ukuhlamba izinto ezifana nezitya ngamanzi ashushu (umz., umatshini wokuhlamba izitya) kunokubulala iintsholongwane.
Yintoni esinokuyenza ukuthintela ukusasazeka kweentsholongwane?
Okwangoku sele uyiqonda kakuhle intsholongwane. Ngoku makhe sijonge izinto ezilula esinokuzenza ukuze sizithintele ukuba zingasasazeki size sizigcine sikhuselekile thina kunye nabantu esibathandayo.
Eyona nto ibalulekileyo neyona iphambili kukuhlamba izandla zakho ngokufanelekileyo. Le yeyona ndlela ilungileyo, engabizi kakhulu, kwaye ilula yokuzikhusela kwiintsholongwane.
Nantsi indlela yokuhlamba izandla zakho ngokufanelekileyo:
1. Okokuqala, manzisa izandla zakho ngamanzi acocekileyo.
2. Thatha isepha eyaneleyo uze uyihlikihle kakuhle ezandleni zakho.
3. Hlikihla izandla zakho, umva wezandla zakho, phakathi kweminwe yakho, nangaphantsi kweenzipho zakho ubuncinane imizuzwana engama-20 , uvuse igwebu elihle. (Ukuba unokuhlikihla izandla zakho ude ukwazi ukucula ngengqondo ingoma ethi "Usuku Lokuzalwa Olumnandi" kabini, elo lixesha elaneleyo.)
4. Emva koko hlambulula kakuhle ngamanzi ide iphele yonke isepha.
5. Yomisa izandla zakho ngelaphu elicocekileyo okanye ithishu.
- Gcina isicoci sezandla sikufutshane: Xa isepha namanzi zingafumaneki, sebenzisa isicoci sezandla esine-70% yotywala ubuncinane. Nangona le yindlela elungileyo, ayisebenzi njengokuhlamba izandla zakho ngesepha.
- Gquma umlomo wakho nempumlo xa ukhohlela okanye uthimla: Gquma umlomo wakho nempumlo yakho ngethishu. Ukuba awunayo ithishu, sebenzisa ingqiniba yakho endaweni yesandla sakho.
- Hlala ekhaya ukuba uyagula: Ukuba unesifo esosulelayo esifana nomkhuhlane okanye umkhuhlane, hlala ekhaya uphumle ukuze ungasasazeki kwabanye.
- Hlala kude nabantu abagulayo: Hlala kude kangangoko kunokwenzeka nomntu onesifo esosulelayo.
- Cinga ngokhuseleko lokutya: Hlamba izandla zakho phambi kokuba ulungiselele kwaye utye ukutya. Yahlula iibhodi zokusika kunye neemela zenyama eluhlaza kunye nentlanzi kwezo zisetyenziselwa ukusika imifuno. Pheka ukutya kakuhle.
- Coca iindawo eziphathwa rhoqo: Coca iindawo eziphathwa rhoqo ezifana nezibambo zomnyango, izitshixo zokukhanyisa, iifowuni, kunye nee-remote controls usebenzisa isibulali-ntsholongwane rhoqo.
Iintsholongwane ziyinxalenye yobomi bethu. Zikho kuyo yonke indawo. Nangona ezinye iintsholongwane zisinceda, ezinye ziyasigulisa. Kodwa ukuba ufaka le mikhwa ilula kubomi bakho bemihla ngemihla, ngokuqinisekileyo unokufumana ukhuseleko olukhulu kwezi ntsholongwane zimbi.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Ayizizo zonke iintsholongwane ezimbi. Kukwakho neentsholongwane ezilungileyo ezinceda imizimba yethu kwaye zibalulekile kwimpilo yethu.
- Eyona ndlela ilungileyo, elula, neyona isebenzayo yokuzikhusela kwiintsholongwane kukuhlamba izandla zakho kakuhle ngesepha namanzi abalekayo ubuncinane imizuzwana engama-20.
- Izinto zasekhaya ezifana neviniga azinakubulala iintsholongwane ezininzi eziyingozi, ngoko ke khetha isibulali-ntsholongwane esifanelekileyo ukucoca umphezulu.
- Ukuba unesifo esosulelayo, luxanduva lwakho, kunye noluntu, ukuhlala ekhaya uphumle ukuze ungasasazeki nakwabanye.
- Ukuba urhanela ukuba kukho usulelo okanye ukuba iimpawu zakho ziya zisiba mandundu, bonana nogqirha wakho ngoko nangoko kunokuba uzame ukuzinyanga.
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