Ngaba wakha wababona oogqirha bebuza, "Yintoni i-GCS score?" xa umntu eziswa esibhedlele emva kwengozi? Okanye xa umntu elahlekelwa zingqondo, bathi, "I-GCS iphantsi"? Usenokuba uzibuza ukuba yintoni le GCS kwaye ilinganisa ntoni. Oku kubaluleke kakhulu. Ke namhlanje, masithethe ngayo ngokulula, ngendlela onokuyiqonda.
Ithetha ukuthini i-GCS nje?
Ngamafutshane, iGlasgow Coma Scale (GCS) yinkqubo yokufumana amanqaku elinganisa kwaye ilinganise umgangatho wolwazi lomntu. Njengokubhala uvavanyo, ivumela oogqirha ukuba bahlole ukuba umntu uphapheme kangakanani, ukuba bayazi kangakanani indawo ebangqongileyo, kunye nokuba basabela njani kwimiyalelo elula.
Le ndlela yaqalwa ukuphuhliswa ngo-1974 liqela leengcali kwiYunivesithi yaseGlasgow eScotland. Yiyo loo nto yafumana igama layo. Nangona igama elithi "coma" likwigama, namhlanje liye laba yindlela ephambili eyamkelweyo ehlabathini, engasetyenziswa kuphela kwi-comas, kodwa nakweyiphi na imeko apho ingqondo inokuphazamiseka khona.
Yintoni 'iConsciousness' kwezonyango?
Sithi 'ukuqonda' xa kufezekiswa izinto ezintathu eziphambili. Xa ugqirha elinganisa ukuqonda kwakho, ugxila kwezi zinto zintathu.
| Ingongoma | Ingcaciso elula |
|---|---|
| Ukuhlala uphaphile (Vukani) | Oku akufani nokuvuka nje ebuthongweni. Ungavuka xa umntu ethetha nawe, okanye xa uphulula umzimba wakho. Awunakumvusa umntu okwi-coma ngolo hlobo. |
| Isilumkiso | Ukukwazi ukuqonda izinto ezifana nokuba kwenzeka ntoni kufutshane nawe nokuba ngubani othethayo. |
| Ukuqonda umntu ngexesha lendawo (Ojolise) | Ukwazi apho ukhoyo nexesha, njengokuba ungubani, uphi, ngowuphi umhla, kwaye lixesha lini. |
Isetyenziswa nini i-GCS?
I-GCS yinxalenye ebaluleke kakhulu yovavanyo lwemithambo-luvo olwenziwa ngoogqirha. Isetyenziswa ngakumbi kwiimeko apho umntu esenokulahlekelwa zingqondo.
- Ukulimala entloko: I-GCS isetyenziselwa ukuvavanya yonke into ukusuka kwingozi ezincinci ezifana nokuxhuzula ingqondo ukuya kwingozi enkulu yobuchopho. Amanqaku e-GCS yenye yezinto eziphambili ezijongwa ngoogqirha xa umntu eziswa kwi -ETU (iYunithi yoNyango oluNgxamisekileyo) emva kwengozi.
- Ezinye iimeko zonyango: Kukwakho neemeko apho ukulahleka kwengqondo kunokwenzeka nokuba akukho ngozi. Umzekelo:
- Iswekile yegazi ephantsi kakhulu (hypoglycemia)
- Emva kokuxhuzula
- Ityhefu
Kubalulekile: Ukuba umntu utya ityhefu okanye uyitye ngempazamo, kufuneka kufunwe ingcebiso kagqirha ngoko nangoko. Ungatsalela umnxeba iZiko loLwazi lweeTyhefu leSizwe kwiSibhedlele sikaZwelonke saseColombo ukuze ufumane ingcebiso ekhawulezileyo.
Zeziphi iindawo ezintathu eziphambili zokufumana amanqaku kwi-GCS?
Ugqirha unika amanqaku e-GCS ngokusekelwe kwiimpendulo zesigulana kwiindawo ezintathu eziphambili. Amanqaku e-GCS iyonke abalwa ngokudibanisa ezi ndawo zintathu kunye.
1. Impendulo Yamehlo (E): Oku kulinganisa ubukhulu becala ukuba umntu uphapheme kwaye uphaphile kangakanani.
2. Impendulo Yomlomo (V): Oku kuvavanya imisebenzi yengqondo efana nokukwazi komntu ukucinga, inkumbulo, kunye nokuqonda ihlabathi elimngqongileyo.
3. Impendulo Yomzimba (M): Oku kuvavanya indlela ingqondo ekwazi ngayo ukulawula izihlunu, ukulandela imiyalelo, kunye nokuba inkqubo yemithambo-luvo isebenza kakuhle na.
Ngoku makhe sibone indlela yokufumana amanqaku kwicandelo ngalinye.
| Impendulo | Indlela yokujonga kunye nokubonakalisa iimpawu | Inqaku |
|---|---|---|
| 1. Impendulo Yamehlo (E) | ||
| Ngokuzenzekelayo | Ngaphandle kokwenza nantoni na, isigulana sihlala sivule amehlo aso. | 4 |
| Xa kuthethwe no | Bayavula amehlo abo xa bebizwa ngegama labo okanye xa besiva into ethile. | 3 |
| Kwiintlungu/uxinzelelo | Xa uzipho lucinezelwe kancinci (kucinezelwa), amehlo ayavuleka. | 2 |
| Akukho mpendulo. | Akukho ndlela yokuvula amehlo akho. | 1 |
| 2. Impendulo Yomlomo (V) | ||
| Ngokuqonda | Xa bebuzwa ukuba bangoobani, baphi, kwaye usuku lwabo lunjani, baphendula ngokuchanekileyo. | 5 |
| Ndididekile | Bayathetha, kodwa abazi ukuba baphi kanye kanye okanye kwenzeke ntoni. Bathetha bedidekile. | 4 |
| Amagama angafanelekanga | Bayathetha, kodwa bathetha amazwi angenamsebenzi angahambelaniyo kwaphela nombuzo obuzwayo. | 3 |
| Izandi ezingaqondakaliyo | Abathethi mazwi, kodwa benza isandi esingenantsingiselo njengokugcuma. | 2 |
| Akukho mpendulo. | Ayivezi lizwi. | 1 |
| 3. Impendulo yeMoto (M) | ||
| Ukulandela imiyalelo | Imiyalelo elula efana nokuthi "phakamisa isandla sakho" kunye "khupha ulwimi lwakho" ilandelwa ngokuchanekileyo. | 6 |
| Ukugxila kwintlungu | Xa inxalenye yomzimba icinezelwe, umntu uzama ukuchukumisa okanye ukususa indawo ebuhlungu. | 5 |
| Ukususa intlungu | Endaweni yokuzama ukuchukumisa indawo ebuhlungu, bazama ukuzikhwebula kwiintlungu. | 4 |
| Ukugoba okungeyomvelo | Ukuphendula intlungu, amalungu agoba ngendlela engaqhelekanga esifubeni. | 3 |
| Ukuzolula okungeyomvelo | Ukuphendula intlungu, amalungu omzimba ayalula aze olule ngendlela engaqhelekanga. | 2 |
| Akukho mpendulo. | Akukho ntshukumo yomzimba. | 1 |
Yeyiphi indlela entsha ebizwa ngokuba yi-GCS-P?
Kutshanje, inkqubo ye-GCS iye yaphuhliswa ngakumbi kwaye kongezwe uphawu olutsha olubizwa ngokuba yi -GCS-P . Apha, unobumba u-'P' umele u-'Pupil', nto leyo ethetha umfundi weliso . Impendulo yomfundi ekukhanyeni inokuxela okuninzi malunga nokusebenza kwengqondo. Ke ngoko, oku kujongwa kunye namanqaku e-GCS.
- Amanqaku 0: Izangqa ezimnyama emehlweni omabini ziyasabela ekukhanyeni.
- Inqaku 1: Liliso elinye kuphela eliphendulayo.
- Amanqaku 2: Akukho mpendulo emehlweni omabini.
Eli nqaku lithatyathwa kwinqaku le-GCS langaphambili. Oko kukuthi, ukuba amanqaku e-GCS angama-3 kwaye akukho mpendulo emehlweni omabini (amanqaku esi-2), amanqaku e-GCS-P angama-1 (3 - 2 = 1). Oku kuthetha ukuba isigulana sikwi-coma enzulu kakhulu.
Zithini iimpawu?
Isimbuku samanqaku e-GCS sinokunika umbono ocacileyo wemeko yesigulana.
- Amanqaku aphezulu yi-15. (E4 + V5 + M6 = 15). Oku kuthetha ukuba isigulana sisezingqondweni ngokupheleleyo, sithetha kakuhle, kwaye siyazi kakuhle izinto ezisingqongileyo.
- Amanqaku aphantsi yi-3. (E1 + V1 + M1 = 3). Oku kuthetha ukuba isigulana sikwi-coma enzulu, asisabeli.
Ngokubanzi, amanqaku e-GCS angama-8 okanye ngaphantsi athathwa njenge-coma. Okukhona amanqaku ephantsi, kokukhona imeko iba mandundu.
Kwizinto ezenzekileyo entloko, ubukhali bengozi buhlelwa ngokweenqaku ze-GCS.
- Amanqaku 13-15: Ukwenzakala kancinci kwengqondo - njengokungqubana kwengqondo.
- Amanqaku 9-12: I-TBI ephakathi.
- Amanqaku 3-8: I-TBI eqatha.
Yintoni endifanele ndiyazi malunga namanqaku e-GCS omntwana wam?
Ukuba ilungu losapho okanye umhlobo wakho ulele esibhedlele kwaye oogqirha bethetha ngamanqaku e-GCS, musa ukoyika kwaye khumbula ezi zinto.
- Oku akupheleli nje ekufumaneni amanqaku. Nangona amanqaku e-GCS enika umbono ocacileyo ngemeko yesigulana, kukho ulwazi oluninzi olungasemva kwayo. Ke ngoko, endaweni yokumamela amanqaku, thetha nogqirha wakho ukuze ufumane umfanekiso opheleleyo wemeko yesigulana.
- I-GCS ayinakusetyenziswa rhoqo. Kwezinye iimeko, amanqaku e-GCS awanakubalwa ngokuchanekileyo. Umzekelo, ukuba umntu uqhagamshelwe kwi-ventilator ukuze amncede aphefumle, iimpendulo zentetho azinakubalwa. Kwakhona, ukuba amehlo alimele, iimpendulo zamehlo azinakubonwa.
- I-GCS ayisosixhobo sodwa esisetyenziselwa ukuqikelela uqikelelo lwesifo. Nangona oogqirha besebenzisa amanqaku e-GCS ukuqikelela uqikelelo lwesifo sesigulane, abajongi lodwa. Bakwaqwalasela nezinye iimvavanyo, ezifana ne-CT scans, kunye nempilo iyonke yesigulana.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Isikali seGlasgow Coma (GCS) yinkqubo yokulinganisa amanqaku eyamkelweyo kwihlabathi liphela elinganisa ingqondo yomntu.
- Oku kuvavanya iimpendulo ngamehlo, intetho, kunye neentshukumo zomzimba.
- Amanqaku aqala kwi-3 (deep coma) ukuya kwi-15 (full brain). Amanqaku asi-8 okanye ngaphantsi athathwa njengobunzima.
- Ngokujonga amanqaku e-GCS rhoqo, oogqirha banokuqonda ukuba imeko yesigulana iyaphucuka okanye iyawohloka.
- Ukuba ufumanisa ngamanqaku e-GCS omthandayo, musa ukukhathazeka nje kuphela ngenani. Soloko uthetha nogqirha wakho kwaye uqonde imeko yonke ngokucacileyo.
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