Ngaba wena okanye umntu ohlala kusapho lwakho uneentloko ezibuhlungu ezingapheliyo, utshintsho ekuboneni, okanye ukulahlekelwa yinkumbulo? Ngamanye amaxesha sicinga ukuba ezi zinto ziqhelekile size sizityeshele. Kodwa ngamanye amaxesha zinokuba ziimpawu ezilumkiso emizimbeni yethu. Namhlanje siza kuthetha ngolunye uhlobo lomhlaza wobuchopho olunzima nolukhula ngokukhawuleza. Lubizwa ngokuba yi-glioblastoma, okanye i-GBM ngamafutshane. Ukuva eli gama kunokoyikisa, kodwa kubaluleke kakhulu ukuliqaphela .
Ngamafutshane, yintoni i-glioblastoma (GBM)?
I-Glioblastoma (GBM) lolona hlobo luqhelekileyo lwethumba lobuchopho elibi kubantu abadala. Liqala kuhlobo lweseli ebizwa ngokuba zii-glial cells kwingqondo yethu nakwi-spinal cord. Ngokukodwa, kuhlobo lweseli ye-glial ebizwa ngokuba zii-astrocytes .
Ngoku usenokuba uzibuza ukuba zeziphi ezi astrocytes. Cinga ngeeseli zethu zemithambo-luvo njengeegosa eziphambili engqondweni yethu. Kwaye ezi astrocytes zifana nabasebenzi abancedisayo abanceda ezo gosa ziphambili ukuba zenze umsebenzi wazo, bazinike ukutya, kwaye bazikhusele. Ngoko ke, xa ezi seli zixhasayo ziguquka zibe ziiseli zomhlaza, le meko ibizwa ngokuba yi-glioblastoma iyenzeka.
Eyona nto iyingozi ngalo mhlaza kukuba ezi seli zomhlaza zikhula kwaye zande ngokukhawuleza . Njengokhula, ezi seli zisasazeka ngokukhawuleza kwaye ziqala ukonakalisa ezinye iindawo eziphilileyo zengqondo kunye nomqolo. Kodwa uninzi lwexesha, lo mhlaza awusasazeki kakhulu ngaphandle kwengqondo kunye nomqolo.
Zithini iimpawu zesi sifo?
Iimpawu ze-glioblastoma zihlala ziqala ukubonakala ngokukhawuleza kakhulu . Oku kungenxa yokuba ithumba likhula ngokukhawuleza ngaphakathi kwengqondo, libeka uxinzelelo olukhulu engqondweni. Liqala nokutshabalalisa izicubu zengqondo eziphilileyo. Makhe sijonge iimpawu.
| Uphawu | Inkcazo |
|---|---|
| Intloko ebuhlungu kakhulu | Akufani nentloko eqhelekileyo, kodwa intloko ebuhlungu eba mandundu imihla ngemihla kwaye ibonakala ngakumbi xa uvuka kusasa. |
| Iingxaki zokubona | Umbono ofipheleyo, ukubona izinto ezimbini ngaxeshanye (umbono ophindwe kabini). |
| Iingxaki zememori | Ukulibala iziganeko zakutshanje, ubunzima bokukhumbula amagama. |
| Utshintsho kubuntu okanye kwimo yengqondo | Utshintsho olubonakalayo, njengokucaphuka ngequbuliso, ukucaphuka, okanye ukungakhathali nganto. |
| Ubunzima bokuthetha | Ukukhubeka ngamazwi, ubunzima bokufumana igama elifanelekileyo. |
| Ukuxhuzula | Ukuqala ngequbuliso ukuxhuzula kumntu ongazange abe nokuxhuzula ngaphambili. |
| Ubuthathaka bomzimba | Ukuba ndindisholo okanye ubuthathaka kwelinye icala lomzimba (ingalo okanye umlenze), ukulahleka kokulinganisela xa uhamba. |
| Isicaphucaphu nokuhlanza | Ukucaphuka rhoqo nokuhlanza ngaphandle kwesizathu esithile. |
Yintoni ebangela i-glioblastoma?
Abaphandi abakakwazi ukufumana unobangela othile woku, kodwa, njengezinye iintlobo zomhlaza wobuchopho, kukholelwa ukuba unobangela oyintloko lutshintsho kwi-DNA yethu.
Ngamafutshane, ii-genes zethu zifana "nencwadi yemiyalelo" exelela iiseli emzimbeni wethu indlela yokuziphatha nendlela yokukhula. Ukuba kukho utshintsho okanye utshintsho kule ncwadi yemiyalelo, oko kukuthi, kwi-DNA, imiyalelo enikwe iiseli ayichanekanga. Emva koko ezo seli ziqala ukwahlukana nokwanda ngokungalawulekiyo, njengokuphambana. Yileyo ndlela iiseli zomhlaza ezikhula ngayo.
Ngaba esi sisifo esizuzwe njengelifa?
Le yingxaki abantu abaninzi abanayo. Ezinye iinguqu zemfuza esizizuza kubazali bethu. Kodwa kwimeko ye-glioblastoma, amathuba okufumana ilifa aphantsi kakhulu . Uninzi lwexesha, olu tshintsho lwe-DNA lwenzeka ngokungacwangciswanga ngexesha lobomi bethu.
Ngubani osengozini enkulu yokuhlaselwa sesi sifo?
Nangona i-glioblastoma inokukhula nakweyiphi na iminyaka, ixhaphake kakhulu kubantu abaphakathi kweminyaka engama-45 ukuya kwengama-70. Ubudala obuqhelekileyo bokuxilongwa bumalunga nama-64 eminyaka. Ukongeza, ezi zinto zilandelayo zinokunyusa umngcipheko wakho:
- Ukuvezwa kwiikhemikhali ezahlukeneyo: Ukuvezwa ixesha elide kwizinto ezifana nezibulali zinambuzane, ipetroliyam, irabha yokwenziwa, kunye ne-vinyl chloride.
- Iimeko zofuzo: Ezinye iimeko zofuzo zinokunyusa umngcipheko womhlaza. Umzekelo, iimeko ezifana ne -neurofibromatosis, i-Li-Fraumeni syndrome, kunye ne-Turcot syndrome .
- Unyango lwe-radiation entloko lwangaphambili: Ukuba ukhe wafumana unyango lwe-radiation entloko ngenxa yesinye isifo, umngcipheko wakho we-GBM kwixesha elizayo unokunyuka kancinci.
Ugqirha uxilonga njani esi sifo?
Ukuba uneempawu ezikhankanyiweyo apha ngasentla, into yokuqala omawuyenze kukubona ugqirha ngoko nangoko . Ugqirha uza kuqala akubuze ngeempawu zakho aze emva koko enze uvavanyo lwemithambo-luvo . Oku kuza kujonga ibhalansi yakho, amandla okusebenza, umbono, kunye nokuva.
Ukuba kurhanelwa ukuba kukho umhlaza wobuchopho, ugqirha wakho uza kukuthumela kwiimvavanyo ezilandelayo:
1. I-MRI okanye i-CT scan: Ezi scan zinokuthatha imifanekiso eneenkcukacha zobuchopho. Zinokunceda ekuqinisekiseni ukuba kukho ithumba lobuchopho, ukuba likho, apho likhoyo, kwaye likhulu kangakanani.
2. I-Biopsy: Emva kokuba ithumba liqinisekisiwe ngeskeni, olu vavanyo lubalulekile ukuze kwaziwe ukuba ingaba linesifo somhlaza okanye akunjalo, kwaye loluphi uhlobo lwalo. Apha, iqhekeza elincinci kakhulu lesicubu liyasuswa ngotyando kwithumba lize lihlolwe phantsi kwemakroskopu ukuqinisekisa ukuba kukho iiseli zomhlaza.
I-Glioblastoma ngumhlaza wesigaba sesi-4. Oku kuthetha ukuba luhlobo lomhlaza olukhula ngokukhawuleza kakhulu nolunobundlongondlongo. Ingaqala ngqo kwiiseli ze-glial (i-Primary GBM) okanye ingaqala kwithumba elisele likho, elikumgangatho ophantsi eliba nobundlongondlongo ngakumbi ngokuhamba kwexesha (i-Secondary GBM).
Ziziphi iindlela zonyango ze-glioblastoma?
Lo ngumhlaza onzima kakhulu ukuwunyanga. Nangona kunjalo, kukho iindlela ezahlukeneyo zonyango ezinokulawula iimpawu, zolule ubomi, kwaye ziphucule umgangatho wobomi. Isicwangciso sonyango sigqitywa liqela loogqirha. Kuxhomekeke kwizinto ezininzi, ezinje ngobukhulu bethumba, indawo elikuyo, ubudala besigulana, kunye nempilo iyonke.
Iindlela eziphambili zonyango kukudibanisa utyando, unyango lwemitha, kunye ne-chemotherapy.
| Indlela yonyango | Kalula nje... |
|---|---|
| Utyando (Utyando - iCraniotomy) | Ukususa ithumba elinomhlaza ngokukhuselekileyo kangangoko kunokwenzeka. Nangona kunjalo, ngamanye amaxesha, kuxhomekeke kwindawo elikuyo ithumba, kusenokungabi lula ukulisusa ngokupheleleyo. |
| Unyango lweMisebe | Ii-X-reyi ezinamandla aphezulu zisetyenziselwa ukutshabalalisa naziphi na iiseli zomhlaza eziseleyo. Olu nyango ludla ngokwenziwa imihla ngemihla kangangeeveki ezi-6. |
| Unyango ngamakhemikhali | Ukunika umzimba amayeza okubulala umhlaza. La mayeza ahamba egazini aze abulale iiseli zomhlaza. Adla ngokunikezelwa kunye nonyango lwemitha. |
| Iindawo Zonyango Lweethumba (TTF) | Indlela yanamhlanje esebenzisa ii-electrodes ezinamathele kukhakhayi ukuze ziqondise amasimi ombane aphantsi kumhlaza, zimise ukwahlukana kweeseli zomhlaza. |
| Unyango olujoliswe kulo | Amayeza ajolise kwaye ahlasele utshintsho oluthile lwemfuza olunceda iiseli zomhlaza zikhule. |
| Unyango lwe-immunotherapy | Ukuvuselela amasosha omzimba wethu nokwenza ukuba alwe neeseli zomhlaza. |
| Ukhathalelo lwe-Palliative | Endaweni yokunyanga umhlaza, lunyango olukhethekileyo olunceda umguli ukuba alawule iimpawu ezifana nentlungu kunye nokucaphuka, anike isiqabu sengqondo, kwaye amncede ahlale ekhululekile. |
Kunokuthiwani ngobomi nesi sifo? (Ingqikelelo)
Le yingongoma enzima ukuthetha ngayo. I-Glioblastoma yimeko enzulu kakhulu . Ukuba ayinyangwa, esi sifo sinokukhokelela ekufeni kwiinyanga ezimbalwa emva kokuba sixilongiwe.
Nangona kunjalo, unyango oluphambili lwanamhlanje luvumela izigulane ukuba zilawule iimpawu zazo, ziphile ubomi obutofotofo ngakumbi, kwaye zandise nobomi bazo ngandlela ithile.
Injongo ephambili yonyango kukulawula iimpawu nokunceda abantu baphile ubomi obutofotofo kangangoko kunokwenzeka ixesha elide kangangoko kunokwenzeka.
Ngokomyinge, uninzi lwabantu luphila phakathi kweenyanga ezili-12 ukuya kwezili-18 emva kokuba befunyaniswe benale sifo. Izinga lokusinda kweminyaka emihlanu liphantsi kakhulu nge-5%. Oku kuthetha ukuba ngabantu aba-5 kuphela kwabali-100 abafunyaniswe benale sifo abaya kuphila iminyaka emi-5. Nangona ezi zibalo zibuhlungu, ezi zi-avareji nje. Imeko yomntu ngamnye inokwahluka. Kwakhona, iimvavanyo zeklinikhi zihlala ziqhutywa kwihlabathi liphela ukufumana unyango olutsha lwesi sifo. Ke ngoko, kubalulekile ukuba nethemba ngekamva.
Xa ngokuqinisekileyo kufuneka ubone ugqirha
Ukuba uqhubeka nokuba nenye okanye ngaphezulu kwezi mpawu zilandelayo, nceda ungazityesheli. Bonana nogqirha ngoko nangoko .
- Ukuba uneengxaki ezicacileyo zenkumbulo.
- Ukuba ukuxhuzula kwenzeka ngequbuliso.
- Ukuba ufumana iintloko ezibuhlungu ezinganyamezelekiyo okanye iingxaki zokubona ziya zisiba mandundu imihla ngemihla.
- Ukuba uncipha umzimba ngaphandle kwesizathu okanye unesicaphucaphu/ukuhlanza okungapheliyo.
- Ukuba kukho utshintsho olukhulu kubuntu bakho okanye kwindlela oziphatha ngayo olubonakala nakwabanye.
- Ukuba ubuthathaka obukhulayo, ukungaziva, okanye ubunzima bokuthetha kwelinye icala lomzimba buyanda kancinci kancinci.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- I-Glioblastoma (GBM) luhlobo lomhlaza wobuchopho olukhula ngokukhawuleza kakhulu nolunobundlongondlongo.
- Musa ukuzityeshela iimpawu ezifana neentloko ezibuhlungu, utshintsho lombono, ukuxhuzula, okanye utshintsho lobuntu bakho. Funa uncedo lwezonyango ngoko nangoko.
- Nangona esi sifo singenakunyangwa ngokupheleleyo, unyango olufana notyando, unyango lwemitha, kunye ne-chemotherapy lunokulawula iimpawu kwaye lwandise ubomi.
- Kolu hlobo lwesifo, inkxaso yeemvakalelo ibaluleke kakhulu kwisigulana nakwintsapho. Ngoko ke thetha ngeemvakalelo zakho nogqirha wakho, usapho kunye nabahlobo bakho obathembayo.
- Uphando malunga nonyango olutsha luyaqhubeka, ngoko ke musa ukuphelelwa lithemba. Thetha nogqirha wakho malunga nazo zonke iindlela zonyango ezikhoyo kunye nezilingo zonyango.
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