Ingqondo yindawo emangalisayo emzimbeni wethu. Kukho olunye uhlobo lweeseli olunceda kwaye luxhase iiseli zemithambo-luvo engqondweni. Ezi zibizwa ngokuba ziiseli ze-glial. Ngamanye amaxesha, ezi seli ze-glial ziqala ukukhula kakhulu ngaphandle kokulawulwa. Kulapho ke iithumba, okanye njengoko sizibiza njalo, zenzeka khona engqondweni okanye emgogodleni. Sizibiza ngokuba ziithumba ezikhula ngale ndlela "glioma".
IiGliomas luhlobo lwethumba eliphambili. Oku kuthetha ukuba zikhula ngqo engqondweni okanye emgogodleni, kwaye azisasazekanga zivela kwenye indawo emzimbeni. Ziluhlobo lwethumba eliyingozi, elinokubeka ubomi esichengeni. Kodwa ungakhathazeki, kukho unyango olufanelekileyo olufumanekayo lokulawula esi sifo. Ugqirha wakho uza kudala isicwangciso sonyango esilungiselelwe umzimba wakho, impilo yakho, kunye neemfuno zakho, kwaye uza kukuchazela eyona ndlela ilungileyo yokwenza.
Zihlelwa njani iigliomas?
Oogqirha bahlulahlula ezi gliomas ngokwendlela ezikhula ngokukhawuleza ngayo. Bajonga izinto ezininzi zokwenza oku.
- Ikhula ngokukhawuleza kangakanani ithumba?
- Zibonakala zingaqhelekanga kangakanani iiseli ezikwithumba?
- Kunokwenzeka kangakanani ukuba oku kusasazeka?
Ngokusekelwe kwezi zinto, ii-gliomas zahlulwe zibe ngamabanga oku-1 ukuya ku-4. Ibanga loku-1 lolona hlobo lukhula kancinci. Ibanga lesi-4 lolona hlobo lukhula ngokukhawuleza nolunobundlongondlongo. Ezi zahlulwe zibe ngamabanga aphantsi (amabanga oku-1 kunye nesi-2) kunye namabanga aphezulu (amabanga esi-3 kunye nesi-4). Ukuba i-glioma ekumgangatho ophantsi ifunyenwe kwaye inyangwa kwangethuba, inokulawulwa okanye ithintelwe ekubeni ibe yingozi.
Iigliomas zihlulwe ngakumbi ngokweentlobo zeeseli zeglial ezivela kuzo. Makhe sijonge iintlobo eziphambili.
| Uhlobo lwe-glioma | Ingcaciso elula |
|---|---|
| I-Astrocytomas | Ezi zivela kwiiseli ezimile okweenkwenkwezi ezibizwa ngokuba zii-astrocytes ezingqondweni zethu. Zinokwahluka ukusuka kwiithumba ezikhula kancinci (ezikumgangatho ophantsi) ukuya kwiithumba ezikhula ngokukhawuleza (ezikumgangatho ophezulu). |
| IiGlioblastomas | Olu lolona hlobo lwe-glioma luhlaselayo nolukhula ngokukhawuleza (i-WHO ibanga lesi-4). Lukwalolona hlobo luqhelekileyo lomhlaza wobuchopho kubantu abadala. |
| Ii-Ependymomas | Olu hlobo luxhaphake kakhulu ebantwaneni kunakwabantu abadala. Ezi zihlala ziyimiphunga ekumgangatho ophantsi. |
| Ii-Oligodendrogliomas | Olu luhlobo lwe-glioma olungaqhelekanga kakhulu nolukumgangatho ophantsi. Luxhaphake kakhulu kubantu abadala kunabantwana. |
La magama asenokuvakala entsonkothile kuwe. Kodwa anceda oogqirha baqonde kakuhle okwenzekayo emzimbeni wakho. Ugqirha wakho uza kukuchazela konke ngokulula.
Zithini iimpawu ze-glioma?
Iimpawu zethumba le-glioma ziyahluka ngokuxhomekeke ekubeni likwindawoni engqondweni okanye emgogodleni. Umzekelo, ukuba ithumba likwinxalenye yengqondo elawula intetho, kunokuba nzima ukuthetha. Yiyo loo nto kunjalo. Kodwa kukho iimpawu eziqhelekileyo.
Into ebalulekileyo kukuba, ungoyiki ukuba une-glioma kuba nje unenye okanye ngaphezulu kwezi mpawu. Zingavela nakwezinye iimeko ezininzi. Kodwa ukuba ezi mpawu ziyaqhubeka, bonana nogqirha ngokukhawuleza.
| Uphawu | Inkcazo |
|---|---|
| Intloko ebuhlungu | Intloko ebuhlungu ehlala ixesha elide eba mandundu ngakumbi kusasa kwaye ingaphenduli kwiipilisi zentlungu eziqhelekileyo. |
| Ukuhlanza kunye nesicaphucaphu | Isicaphucaphu nokuhlanza okuphuma ngaphandle kwesizathu esicacileyo. |
| Utshintsho lombono | Umbono ofipheleyo, ukubona kabini, okanye ukulahleka ngequbuliso kombono. |
| Ukulahlekelwa yibhalansi yomzimba | Ubunzima bokuhamba, isiyezi, ukungakwazi ukugcina ulungelelwano. |
| Ukuxhuzula | Iimeko ezifana nokuxhuzula ngesiquphe. |
| Utshintsho kwindlela yokuziphatha kunye nobuntu | Umsindo okhawulezileyo, usizi (ukudakumba), ukuphazamiseka, okanye utshintsho olucacileyo kubuntu. |
| Ubunzima bokuthetha nokucinga | Ukungakwazi ukuhlanganisa amagama (i-aphasia), ubunzima bokukhumbula, ukufunda, okanye ukucinga. |
| Ubuthathaka kwelinye icala lomzimba | Ukuba ndindisholo okanye ubuthathaka kwelinye icala lomzimba (iHemiparesis). |
Yintoni ebangela i-glioma? Ngaba kukho izinto ezinokubangela umngcipheko?
Ngamafutshane, ii-gliomas zibangelwa lutshintsho lwemfuza kwiiseli ze-glial. Kodwa oogqirha abakayazi kakuhle ukuba kutheni olu tshintsho lwenzeka.
Asinto esinokuyithintela le. Nangona kunjalo, ukubona ugqirha kwangoko xa kuvela iimpawu kunye nokufuna unyango kunokukunceda ufumane iziphumo ezingcono.
Nangona nabani na enokuba ne-glioma, izinto ezithile zinokunyusa umngcipheko kancinci.
- Ubudala: Ixhaphake kakhulu kubantu abadala abaneminyaka engaphezu kwama-65 ubudala kunye nabantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka eli-12 ubudala.
- Imbali yosapho: Ukuba umntu kusapho lwakho ukhe waba nomhlaza wobuchopho okanye womqolo, umngcipheko wakho unokwanda kancinci ngenxa yempembelelo yemfuza.
- Ukuvezwa kwimitha okanye kwiityhefu:Ukuvezwa ixesha elide kwimitha okanye kwiikhemikhali ezithile nako kunokuba yinto ebangela umngcipheko.
Kodwa ungakhathazeki , uninzi lwexesha, akukho nto icacileyo enokubangela le glioma.
Ugqirha uyazi njani ukuba le yi-glioma?
Ukuba unale mpawu, ugqirha uza kuqala akubuze ngembali yakho yezonyango, enze uvavanyo lomzimba, aze enze uvavanyo lwemithambo-luvo.
Emva koko, kuya kufuneka wenze uvavanyo oluthile ukuze ujonge ngaphakathi kwengqondo.
- Iskeni ye-MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging): Oku kunokuvelisa imifanekiso ecacileyo yengqondo kunye nomqolo.
- Iskeni se-CT (Computed Tomography): Oku kukwathatha imifanekiso yobuchopho enqamlezileyo ukujonga ithumba.
Ukuba ezi scan zibonisa ukuba kukho ithumba, inyathelo elilandelayo kukuhlolwa kwe-biopsy . Oku kuthetha ukuba kuthathwa iqhekeza elincinci kakhulu lezicubu kwithumba lize lihlolwe phantsi kwe-microscope. Yiyo le nto imisela ukuba loluphi uhlobo lwethumba kunye nomgangatho walo.
Kule meko, uza kuthunyelwa kwi-neuro-oncologist ukuze ufumane unyango.
Ziziphi iindlela zonyango ze-glioma?
Unyango olufanelekileyo kuwe luya kugqitywa ngokujonga izinto ezahlukeneyo.
- Uhlobo, ubungakanani, kunye nendawo yethumba le-glioma.
- iminyaka yakho.
- Impilo yakho iyonke.
- Ngaba wakha wanyangwa umhlaza wobuchopho ngaphambili?
Ngokwesiqhelo, enye okanye ezingaphezulu kwezi ndlela zisetyenziswa kunye njengonyango.
- Utyando
- Unyango ngemitha
- Unyango ngamakhemikhali
Utyando
Kwiimeko ezininzi, unyango lokuqala kukususa ithumba ngotyando. Ukuba ugqirha wotyando unako, uya kulisusa lonke ithumba. Nangona kunjalo, ngamanye amaxesha ii-gliomas zikhula kwiindawo ezibuthathaka kakhulu nezinzima ukuzisusa engqondweni. Kwezi meko, kusenokungabi lula ukuzisusa ngokupheleleyo. I-craniotomy, oluyinkqubo yotyando olubandakanya ukuvula ukhakhayi, yeyona ndlela ixhaphakileyo.
Kwezinye iimeko, kuxhomekeke kubukhulu nendawo ekuyo ithumba, inkqubo engangenisi mandla kangako ebizwa ngokuba yi-laser ablation inokwenziwa. Oku kuquka ukusebenzisa ubushushu obuvela kumqadi we-laser ukutshabalalisa ithumba.
Unyango lwe-radiation kunye ne-chemotherapy
Emva kotyando, unyango lwemitha kunye ne-chemotherapy ziyanikwa ukutshabalalisa naziphi na iiseli zomhlaza eziseleyo.
Unyango lwemitha lusebenzisa imitha enamandla aphezulu, njenge-X-ray, ukutshabalalisa iiseli zomhlaza.La ngamayeza athintela ukukhula nokwahlukana kweeseli zomhlaza. Akwasetyenziswa njengonyango oluphambili ukuba ithumba likwindawo enobungozi engenakwenziwa utyando kuyo.
Ngaba kukho naziphi na iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zonyango?
Kuqhelekile ukuba neziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ngexesha lonyango lomhlaza. Ezinye zazo zinokuhlala ixesha elide. Buza ugqirha wakho malunga nonyango lokudambisa iintlungu , olunokukunceda ukulawula ezi mpawu kunye neziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zonyango. Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga eziqhelekileyo ziquka:
- Ukulala nokudinwa kakhulu (ukudinwa ngumhlaza)
- I-anemia (ukulahleka kwegazi)
- Ukulahleka kweenwele (ingakumbi ngexesha lonyango lwe-radiation)
- Isicaphucaphu nokuhlanza
- Intlungu
- Umngcipheko okhulayo wosulelo (ngenxa ye-chemotherapy)
- Utshintsho kwindlela yokucinga nenkumbulo
Thetha ngokukhululekileyo neqela lakho lezonyango malunga naluphi na olu ngxolo.
Malunga nekamva kunye nokuphila
Izinga lokusinda komntu ophila ne-glioma lixhomekeke kwizinto ezininzi. Uhlobo lwethumba, umgangatho walo, kunye nobudala bomguli zezinye zezinto ezibalulekileyo. Ngokubanzi, okukhona uselula xa isifo sifunyanwa kwaye unyango luqala, kokukhona iziphumo ziba ngcono.
Kodwa khumbula, izibalo zidatha nje eqhelekileyo. Imeko yakho isenokungena okanye ingangeni kwezo zibalo. Ngoko ke musa ukoyika okanye uphelelwe lithemba xa ubona la manani. Ugqirha wakho uza kukunika umfanekiso ocacileyo wemeko yakho.
Ukuphila nomhlaza ngumceli mngeni omkhulu, engqondweni nasemzimbeni. Thetha ngokunyaniseka neqela lakho lezonyango kunye nabantu obathandayo malunga nendlela oziva ngayo. Funa ingcebiso ukuba kuyimfuneko. Kwakhona, ukujoyina amaqela enkxaso nabanye abaye baba namava afanayo kunokuba ngumthombo omkhulu wamandla kuwe nakusapho lwakho.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- I-Glioma luhlobo lwethumba eliphambili elivela engqondweni okanye emgogodleni.
- Ukuba uneempawu ezifana neentloko ezingapheliyo, ukuxhuzula, utshintsho lombono, okanye utshintsho lokuziphatha, bonana nogqirha ngokukhawuleza.
- I-MRI okanye i-CT scan kunye ne-biopsy zibalulekile ekuxilongweni.
- Kusetyenziswa olunye okanye ngaphezulu kwezi ndlela zonyango zilandelayo: utyando, unyango lwemitha, kunye ne-chemotherapy.
- Musa ukuzama ukuhamba wedwa kolu hambo. Cela uncedo kwiqela lakho lezonyango, kusapho, nakubahlobo. Thetha ngokukhululekileyo ngendlela oziva ngayo.
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