Ngaba wakha waba neentlungu esifubeni, ukuphefumla okunzima, okanye ukuziva ngathi intliziyo yakho ibetha ngendlela engaqhelekanga? Usenokuba ukhe waziva unesiyezi okanye ubuthathaka. Ezi ngamanye amaxesha zinokuba ziimpawu zemeko ebizwa ngokuba yi-'heart block', eyenzeka xa imiqondiso yombane entliziyweni ingahambi kakuhle. Namhlanje, siza kuthetha ngale nto ngokweenkcukacha, kodwa ngokulula, ngokungathi uthetha nomhlobo.

Yintoni iHeart Block? Ngamafutshane...

Cinga ngayo njengenjini encinci efuna umbane ukuze isebenze. Ngendlela efanayo, intliziyo yethu ikwanayo nenkqubo yesignali yombane yokubetha. Ezi signali ziqala kumagumbi amabini aphezulu entliziyo (esizibiza ngokuba yi-`(Atria)`) ziye kumagumbi amabini asezantsi entliziyo (`(Ventricles)`). Phakathi kwala magumbi aphezulu nasezantsi, njengesibane sendlela, kukho indawo elawula imiqondiso. Ibizwa ngokuba yi-`(AV node)` (atrioventricular node).

Ngoku, ukuvimba kwentliziyo kuxa kukho uhlobo oluthile lokuthintelwa kwindlela imiqondiso yombane ehamba ngayo ukusuka phezulu ukuya ezantsi kwentliziyo. Mhlawumbi imiqondiso ihamba kancinci, okanye ezinye zeempawu azifiki kumagumbi asezantsi, okanye imiqondiso iyeke ukuhamba ngokupheleleyo.

Kwenzeka ntoni emva koko? Intliziyo isenokungasebenzi kakuhle. Intliziyo inokubetha kancinci, kwaye ezinye izingqisho zingashiywa. Kwiimeko ezinzima, oku kunokuphazamisana nokumpompa kwegazi emzimbeni wonke, oku kubangele iingxaki ezinkulu. Le meko idla ngokuvela kamva ebomini, endaweni yokuba ibekho xa uzalwa. Oku kukwabizwa ngokuba yi-``Atrioventricular (AV) block`` kwaye ngamanye amaxesha kuthiwa yi-``conduction disorder```.

Ngaba kukho iintlobo ze-heart block?

Ewe, ezi block zentliziyo zinokuza ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo nangamanqanaba ahlukeneyo. Oko kukuthi, zahlulwe ngokwenani lesignali yombane evalekileyo kunye nokuba yenzeka kangaphi.

• Ibloko yentliziyo yenqanaba lokuqala: Kule meko, isignali yombane iya kwiindawo ezisezantsi zentliziyo (ii-ventricles), kodwa icotha kancinci. Kukho ukulibaziseka okuncinci njengoko idlula kwi-AV node. Olu lolona hlobo lwebloko luncinci. Uninzi lwabantu alunalo nofifi lokuba banalo.
• Ukuvimba kwentliziyo kwenqanaba lesibini (okungaphelelanga): Kule meko, zimbalwa kuphela iimpawu zombane zentliziyo ezifikelela kumagumbi asezantsi, kungekhona zonke. Kukwakho neentlobo ezimbini zale nto:
• Uhlobo I, `(Mobitz Uhlobo I)` okanye `(Wenckebach's AV block)`: Olu luhlobo olungenzulu kangako. Isignali yombane iyehla kancinci, ekugqibeleni itsiba ukubetha kwentliziyo kube kanye.
• Uhlobo II (Uhlobo II), `(Mobitz Uhlobo II)`: Kule nto, nangona uninzi lwemiqondiso luya emagumbini, ngamanye amaxesha ezinye zeempawu ziyeka ngequbuliso. Emva koko ukubetha kwentliziyo kuba yinto engahambelaniyo, kubetha kancinci kunesiqhelo. Oku kubi ngakumbi , kwaye unokufuna `(Pacemaker)` (isixhobo esincinci esinceda ukugcina intliziyo ibetha ngesantya esiqhelekileyo).
• Ukuvaleka kwentliziyo kwinqanaba lesithathu: Oku kukuvaleka ngokupheleleyo.Imiqondiso yombane evela kumagumbi aphezulu entliziyo (`(Atria)`) ukuya kumagumbi asezantsi (`(Ventricles)`) ayidluli. Oku kuyichaphazela kakhulu indlela intliziyo epompa ngayo igazi emzimbeni. Le yimeko embi kakhulu , kwaye unyango phantse luhlala lufuna i-`(Pacemaker)`.

Zithini iimpawu zoku?

Iimpawu ze-heart block zingahluka kumntu nomntu, kuxhomekeke kubunzima be-block kunye nendlela echaphazela ngayo ukusebenza kwentliziyo.

Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo ezibonwayo zezi:

• Iintlungu zesifuba
• Ukudinwa, ukudinwa
• Ubunzima bokuphefumla
• Ukuziva ngathi intliziyo yakho ibetha ngokukhawuleza (ukubetha kwentliziyo)
• Ukwanda kwesantya sokuphefumla
• Isicaphucaphu
• Ukudinwa, ukuziva ngathi uyajikeleza.
• Ukulahlekelwa yingqondo (ukuquleka)

Nangona kunjalo, abantu abane-heart blockage yenqanaba lokuqala basenokungabi nazimpawu. Ngamanye amaxesha ifunyanwa xa ugqirha esenza i-electrocardiogram (EKG) ngexesha lokuhlolwa rhoqo.

Kwi-heart block yenqanaba lesithathu, iimpawu zinokuba nzima kakhulu, njengoko isantya sentliziyo sincipha kakhulu. Ukuba uneempawu eziqatha, kubalulekile ukufuna uncedo lwezonyango ngokukhawuleza.

Zithini izizathu zokuvaleka kwentliziyo?

Kukho izinto ezininzi ezinokubangela ukuvaleka kwentliziyo. Ezinye zezona zinto ziphambili zezi:

• Ukuhlaselwa yintliziyo
• Isifo semithambo yentliziyo (CAD)
• Isifo semisipha yentliziyo (`Cardiomyopathy`)
• Izifo zevalvu yentliziyo
• Umonakalo ongachazekiyo kwinkqubo yombane yentliziyo
• Iingxaki zesakhiwo sentliziyo yokuzalwa
• Umonakalo wentliziyo ngexesha lotyando lwentliziyo oluvulekileyo
• Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zamanye amayeza (umz., amayeza afana ne-`(Beta-blockers)`, `(Digitalis)`, `(Calcium channel blockers)`)
• Ukuvezwa kwiityhefu
• Ukuphelelwa ngamandla kokulala (i-OSA)
• Isifo se-thyroid
• Ezinye izifo, umzekelo `(isifo seLyme)`
• Izifo ezizikhusela ngokwazo emzimbeni
• Ukungaqheleki kwemfuza

Ngubani osengozini enkulu yoku?

Usenokuba sengozini enkulu yokuba nesifo sentliziyo ukuba:

• Ukuba unezinye izifo zentliziyo, ezifana nesifo semithambo yegazi emithanjeni okanye isifo sevalvu yentliziyo.
• Ukuba wazalwa unesimo sentliziyo esingaqhelekanga.
• Ukuba unesifo esichaphazela intliziyo, esifana `(Rheumatic heart disease)` okanye `(Sarcoidosis)`.
• Ukuba "i-vagus nerve" yakho (umthambo onceda ukulawula isantya sentliziyo yakho) usebenza kakhulu kwaye unciphise isantya sentliziyo yakho.
• Ukuba usela amayeza acothisa imiqondiso yombane yentliziyo. Oku kungabandakanya amayeza esifo sentliziyo kunye noxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu (umz., `(Beta-blockers)`, `(Diuretics)`, `(Calcium channel blockers)`, `(Digoxin)`), amayeza eentliziyo ezingaqhelekanga (`(Antiarrhythmics)`), iziphumzi zemisipha, iipilisi zokulala, kunye namayeza oxinzelelo kunye nesifo sengqondo.

Zeziphi iingxaki ezinokubangela oku?

Ukuba ukuvaleka kwentliziyo akwenziwanga ngendlela efanelekileyo, kunokukhokelela kwiingxaki ezinokuba yingozi ebomini. Ezi ziquka:

• Ukusilela kwentliziyo (ukungakwazi kwentliziyo ukupompa igazi elaneleyo emzimbeni)
• Ukubetha kwentliziyo okungaqhelekanga (`Arrhythmia`)
• Ukuhlaselwa yintliziyo
• Ukuma kwentliziyo ngequbuliso (ukuyeka kwentliziyo ngequbuliso)

Indlela yokuxilonga i-heart block?

Ukuze afumanise ukuba unesifo sentliziyo, ugqirha wakho uza kwenza oku kulandelayo:

• Imbali yakho yezonyango iya kuhlolwa.
• Buza ngembali yempilo yosapho lwakho.
• Baza kukubuza imibuzo malunga nempilo yakho ngokubanzi, indlela otya ngayo, indlela ozenza ngayo umthambo, kunye neempawu zakho.
• Babuza ngamayeza owasebenzisayo (owawanikwe ngugqirha wakho kunye nalawo uwathengayo kwikhemesti).
• Bakubuza ukuba uyatshaya okanye usebenzisa ezinye iziyobisi.
• Baza kumamela intliziyo yakho baze bajonge ukubetha kwentliziyo yakho.
• Jonga iimpawu zokuhlaselwa yintliziyo (umz., ukudumba emilenzeni nasemaqatheni).

Ingcali yakho yentliziyo ingakuthumela kwi-electrophysiologist (ingcali kumsebenzi wombane wentliziyo).

Luhlobo luni lovavanyo oluza kwenziwa?

Ukuze uxilonge ngokuchanekileyo le meko, ungenza ezi mvavanyo zilandelayo:

• Uvavanyo lwegazi
• Uvavanyo lwe-genetic
• I-Electrocardiogram (EKG)
• Isixhobo sokujonga esihambahambayo (isixhobo esincinci esirekhoda izinga lentliziyo yakho kwiintsuku ezimbalwa)
• Irekhoda yeLoop (isixhobo esijonga ukubetha kwentliziyo ixesha elide)
• Uphononongo lwe-Electrophysiology (indlela ekhethekileyo ehlola inkqubo yombane yentliziyo)
• Uvavanyo loxinzelelo lokuzivocavoca (`Uvavanyo loxinzelelo lokuzivocavoca` - ukujonga indlela intliziyo esebenza ngayo ngexesha lokuzilolonga)

Iphathwa njani?

Unyango lwe-heart block luyahluka kumntu nomntu. Ungalaliswa esibhedlele ukuze ujonge intliziyo yakho. Ukulawula imeko yakho, ugqirha wakho wentliziyo uza kuqwalasela oku kulandelayo:

• Luhlobo luni lwe-heart block olunayo?
• Inzulu kangakanani loo nto?
• Ichaphazela njani ukusebenza kwentliziyo yakho?
• Zithini iimpawu zakho?

Ngamanye amaxesha, ukuvaleka kwentliziyo kuyaphela xa utshintsha amayeza owathathayo okanye unyanga enye ingxaki yentliziyo. Kodwa abanye banokufuna i-pacemaker, nokuba yeyokwexeshana okanye engunaphakade, ukuthumela imiqondiso yombane entliziyweni.

• Ukuvaleka kwenqanaba lokuqala: Kusenokwenzeka ukuba awuyi kufuna unyango.
• Ukuvaleka kwenqanaba lesibini: Ukuba une-Type I, mhlawumbi awuyi kufuna unyango. Kodwa ukuba uneempawu, unokufuna i-pacemaker yexeshana okanye esisigxina ukuze intliziyo yakho ihlale ibetha kakuhle.
• Ukuvaleka kwenqanaba lesithathu: Abantu abalolu hlobo phantse bahlala befuna i-pacemaker.

Ukuba ufuna i-pacemaker, ugqirha wakho uza kukuxelela ngayo, uhlobo olulungele wena, kunye nento omawuyilindele ngaphambi, ngexesha, nasemva kokuba i-pacemaker ifakiwe.

Zithini iingxaki/iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zonyango?

Ukuba une-pacemaker yexeshana okanye esisigxina, unokufumana iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezifana nezi:

• Iingxaki ngokucwangciswa kwezixhobo
• Ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwezixhobo
• Usulelo
• Amahlwili egazi
• Umonakalo wentliziyo

Kuthatha ixesha elingakanani ukuchacha kolu nyango?

Emva kokuba une-pacemaker, kuya kufuneka uhlale esibhedlele malunga nobusuku obunye. Kuya kufuneka ukwazi ukuqhubeka nemisebenzi yakho yesiqhelo kwiintsuku okanye iiveki ezimbalwa. Buza ugqirha wakho ngezinto ongamele uzenze emva kotyando.

Ngaba ukuhlaselwa yintliziyo kunokuthintelwa?

Ungazithintela ezinye zezizathu zokusilela kwentliziyo, ezifana nesifo sentliziyo.

Izinto onokuzenza ukuze ugcine intliziyo nomzimba wakho usempilweni kangangoko:

• Phila ubomi obusempilweni nentliziyo. Oko kuthetha ukutya ukutya okunempilo nentliziyo, ukwenza umthambo rhoqo , ukulala ngokwaneleyo ubusuku ngabunye, ukunciphisa uxinzelelo, ukunciphisa utywala, kunye nokuphepha ukutshaya nokusebenzisa iziyobisi.
• Thetha nogqirha wakho malunga namayeza kunye nezongezo ozithathayo. Ugqirha wakho angakujonga ukuba kukho nantoni na oyithathayo etshintsha amanqanaba aqhelekileyo ezinto ezithile emzimbeni wakho (ezifana ne-potassium, i-calcium, kunye ne-magnesium, ezibalulekileyo kwinkqubo yombane yentliziyo). Ugqirha wakho angalungisa amayeza akho ukuba kuyimfuneko.

Kuza kwenzeka ntoni ukuba ndine-heart block?

Ukuba une-heart block yenqanaba lokuqala, buza i-cardiologist yakho okanye i-electrophysiologist ukuba ufuna ukwenza naluphi na utshintsho kwindlela yakho yokuphila okanye amayeza. Olu hlobo lwe-heart block alusoloko luphazamisana nemisebenzi yakho yesiqhelo.

Ngokwesiqhelo, ukuba ne-pacemaker akuthinteli kakhulu amandla akho okuthatha inxaxheba kwimidlalo nakwizinto ozithandayo. Nangona kunjalo, kubaluleke kakhulu ukulandela imiyalelo kagqirha wakho ukuqinisekisa ukuba i-pacemaker yakho isebenza kakuhle.

Ihlala ixesha elingakanani i-heart block?

Ukuba i-heart block yakho iya kuhlala ixesha elingakanani ixhomekeke kwisizathu. Ukutshintsha iyeza elibangela i-heart block ngenye iyeza kungayisombulula ingxaki. Kodwa ukuba i-heart block ibangelwa yenye into, kusenokwenzeka ukuba yimeko yobomi bonke.

Iyintoni imbono yokuthintela intliziyo?

Ukuvaleka kwentliziyo yimeko enokuba yingozi kakhulu. Ukuba ayinyangwa, ukuvaleka kwentliziyo okunzulu kunokukhokelela ekumisweni kwentliziyo ngequbuliso. Kodwa ngokuqhelekileyo, ukuvaleka kwentliziyo okunganyangwanga kunokubangela isiyezi okanye ukuquleka.

Ngonyango, imeko yakho ixhomekeke kwiminyaka yakho kunye nezinye iimeko zempilo onazo.

Ndingazinyamekela njani? (Ingakumbi ukuba une-pacemaker)

Ukuba une-pacemaker, khumbula ezi zinto zilandelayo:

• Hlala kude nezixhobo zemagnethi kunye naso nasiphi na isixhobo esikhupha amandla ombane. Oku kuthetha ukuhlala ubuncinane kwiisentimitha ezi-6 ukusuka kwiiselfowuni. Umzekelo, musa ukugcina ifowuni yakho epokothweni yehempe yakho.
• Xa udlula kwiindawo zokujonga ukhuseleko (umz. izikhululo zeenqwelo-moya, iinkundla), xelela abahloli ukuba unesixhobo sokuncedisa ukujikeleza kwegazi (pacemaker) kwaye kufuneka uziphephe iintonga eziphathwayo. Soloko uphatha ikhadi elichaza uhlobo lwesixhobo sakho sokuncedisa ukujikeleza kwegazi (pacemaker).
• Xelela bonke ababoneleli bakho bezempilo (oogqirha, oogqirha bamazinyo) ukuba une-pacemaker. Ezinye iinkqubo zonyango, ezinje ngovavanyo lwe-magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), zinokuphazamisana ne-pacemaker yakho. Emva kotyando oluthile, ugqirha wakho unokufuna ukuhlaziya i-pacemaker yakho.

Udinga nini ukubona ugqirha?

Ukuba une-pacemaker, ingcali yentliziyo yakho iya kuyijonga rhoqo ukuqinisekisa ukuba iyaqhubeka nokusebenza kakuhle. Banokukujonga ukude, kodwa kuya kufuneka undwendwelwe ubuso ngobuso minyaka le apho ugqirha wakho anokujonga i-pacemaker yakho aze enze naluphi na utshintsho olufunekayo.

Fowunela ugqirha wakho ukuba ufumana naziphi na kwezi mpawu:

• Ukudinwa okanye ukuquleka
• Iintlungu zesifuba
• Ukubetha kwentliziyo okanye ukutsiba iingoma
• Ubuthathaka
• Ubunzima bokuphefumla
• Ukudumba kweenyawo, amaqatha, okanye imilenze

Kufuneka uye nini kwiYunithi yoNyango oluNgxamisekileyo (i-ETU) ?

Ukuba unesifo sentliziyo okanye unesifo sentliziyo, udinga uncedo lwezonyango ngokukhawuleza. Yazisa usapho lwakho kunye nabantu osebenza nabo ngale ngozi (kunye neempawu). Banokutsalela umnxeba ku-1990 (okanye inombolo yakho yongxamiseko yasekuhlaleni).

Ndingayibuza yiphi imibuzo ugqirha?

Eminye imibuzo onokuyibuza ugqirha wakho:

• Luhlobo luni lwe-heart block endinayo?
• Ngaba ndifuna unyango?
• Yeyiphi indlela engcono yonyango kum?
• Ukuba umntwana wam unesifo sentliziyo awazalwa naso, ngaba nabantwana bam bexesha elizayo nabo banaso?

Kuqhelekile ukuziva usoyika xa unentlungu esifubeni okanye unengxaki yokuphefumla. Kodwa xa ufunyaniswe ukuba une-heart block, ungasiqonda isizathu sokuba ube nezo mpawu. Iindaba ezimnandi zezokuba kwabo bafuna unyango, amayeza okanye i-pacemaker inokunceda ukugcina intliziyo yakho ibetha ngendlela eqhelekileyo. Xa uxoxa ngesicwangciso sakho sonyango, qiniseka ukuba ubuza ugqirha wakho ngayo nayiphi na into engacacanga.

Okokugqibela, izinto ekufuneka uzikhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Ukuvaleka kwentliziyo yingxaki kwinkqubo yombane yentliziyo. Ingahluka ukusuka kwencinci ukuya kwenkulu. Ukuba ubonakalisa iimpawu, ingakumbi iintlungu zesifuba, ukuphefumla okufutshane, okanye ukuquleka, bona ugqirha ngoko nangoko.

Ngethamsanqa, kukho unyango loku. Abanye abantu bafumana isiqabu ngokutshintsha amayeza, ngelixa abanye banokuphila ubomi obuqhelekileyo nge-pacemaker. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukunyamekela intliziyo yakho, ulandele imiyalelo kagqirha wakho, kwaye ubuze ugqirha wakho ukuba unemibuzo. Awuwedwa, kwaye kukho oogqirha abanokukunceda kolu hambo.

Ukuvaleka kwentliziyo , ukubetha kwentliziyo, i-pacemaker, iimpawu zentliziyo, isifo sentliziyo, impilo yentliziyo