Kuqhelekile ukuziva usoyika kwaye uxhalabile xa ugqirha wakho ekuxelela ukuba izintso zakho azisebenzi kakuhle. Usenokuba uxelelwe ukuba kuya kufuneka uye kwi-dialysis. Abantu abaninzi bayaxhalaba xa besiva la mazwi, kwaye abakwazi ukucinga ukuba kuza kwenzeka ntoni. Kodwa ukuba siyiqonda kakuhle le ndlela yonyango, uya kuqonda ukuba le yindlela ebaluleke kakhulu enokusindisa ubomi bakho. Ngoko ke, namhlanje siza kuthetha nge-hemodialysis ngokulula.
Ngamafutshane, yintoni i-hemodialysis?
Cinga ngezintso zakho njengezihluzo ezimbini eziphambili emzimbeni wethu. Zihluza inkunkuma engafunekiyo, iityhefu, kunye nolwelo olugqithisileyo egazini lethu kwaye zikhuphe njengomchamo. Kodwa xa isifo sezintso sizithintela ekwenzeni lo msebenzi ngokufanelekileyo, ezo tyhefu ziqala ukuqokelelana emzimbeni.
I-Hemodialysis yinkqubo yokucoca igazi kusetyenziswa umatshini osusa inkunkuma ene-nitrogen (urea), imveliso yenkunkuma kwimisipha (creatinine), kunye nee-asidi egazini, kwaye ubuyisele igazi elicociweyo emzimbeni.
Lo matshini ucoca njani igazi?
Lo matshini we-hemodialysis unesixhobo sokucoca esikhethekileyo. Sibizwa ngokuba yi-'dialyzer'. Abanye abantu babiza ngokuba 'yintso yokwenziwa'. Igazi elithathwe emzimbeni wakho lingena kule 'dialyzer'. Njengoko igazi lihamba ngeetyhubhu ezintle kakhulu ezinje nge-mesh ngaphakathi kuwo, kuphela yinkunkuma kunye namanzi agqithisileyo egazini ahluzwayo.
Ezi mveliso zenkunkuma ziqokelelwa kulwelo olukhethekileyo olubizwa ngokuba yi-'dialysate'. Olu lwenziwe ngamanzi, iityuwa, kunye nee-electrolytes. Ngoku igazi elicocekileyo, elinokususwa kwenkunkuma yonke, lithunyelwa emzimbeni wakho ngomatshini. Ulwelo lwe-'dialysate', olunemveliso yenkunkuma, lususwa kumatshini. Cinga ngalo njengesihluzo seti esihluza amagqabi eti kwaye iti kuphela ewela ekomityini.
Kukho iindlela ezimbini eziphambili zokwenza i-hemodialysis:
Ungathetha nogqirha wakho uze ugqibe ukuba yeyiphi indlela efanelekileyo kuwe.
| Indlela yonyango | Inkcazo |
|---|---|
| I-Hemodialysis eyenziwa esibhedlele okanye kwiziko (I-In-center hemodialysis) | Le yeyona ndlela ixhaphakileyo. Kuya kufuneka uye esibhedlele esikhethekileyo okanye kwiziko le-dialysis ukuze wenze oku. Apho, umongikazi oqeqeshiweyo okanye ingcali iya kukunika olu nyango. Ngokwesiqhelo kuya kufuneka uye malunga neentsuku ezintathu ngeveki. Iseshoni nganye iya kuthatha malunga neeyure ezi-3-4. |
| I-hemodialysis yasekhaya | Kwimeko enjalo, ungenza olu nyango ekhaya. Kodwa kwiiveki okanye kwiinyanga ezimbalwa ngaphambi koko, isibhedlele siza kukufundisa indlela yokulwenza ngokufanelekileyo kunye nento omawuyenze ukuba uneengxaki. Emva koko, ungayenza ngokwakho ngendlela othanda ngayo. |
Kukwakho neentlobo ze-home hemodialysis.
- I-home hemodialysis eqhelekileyo: Kule ndlela, unyango lwenziwa iintsuku ezintathu ngeveki, iiyure ezi-3-4 ngexesha.
- I-hemodialysis yasekhaya emfutshane imihla ngemihla: Oku kungenziwa ngetekhnoloji entsha. Oku kwenziwa malunga neentsuku ezi-5-7 ngeveki, kodwa kuthatha ixesha elifutshane, malunga neeyure ezimbini ngexesha.
- Ukucoca igazi ekhaya ebusuku: Oku kwenziwa ebusuku xa ulele. Lo matshini usebenza iiyure ezi-6-8 ngexesha, malunga neentsuku ezi-4-6 ngeveki. Oku kuvumela ukuba igazi licocwe ixesha elide, ngoko ke kususa inkunkuma ngcono kunezinye iindlela.
Ngubani ngokwenene odinga olu nyango?
Ukuba unesifo sezintso esibi kakhulu, esibizwa ngokuba yi -End-Stage Kidney Disease (ESKD) , kuya kufuneka uhlaziywe nge-hemodialysis. Kwakhona, kumntu olinde ukufakelwa izintso, olu nyango lubalulekile ukuze aphile de kube kukufakelwa izintso.
Kubalulekile ukuqonda oku: I-Hemodialysis ayilonyango lwesifo sezintso. Inceda nje izintso zakho ukuba zenze umsebenzi ekufuneka ziwenze, ikuncede uphile ixesha elide.
Kuza kwenzeka ntoni ukuba unyango aluvunywa?
Le yingongoma ebucayi, kodwa kufuneka sithethe ngayo. Ukuba umntu ugqiba ekubeni angaqalisi i-hemodialysis, okanye ukuba uqala aze ayeke, iityhefu ziqala ukuqokelelana egazini. Le meko siyibiza ngokuba yi-`(uremia)`. Ngelishwa, le meko iyabulala. Ngaphandle konyango, ungaphila iintsuku okanye iiveki ezimbalwa kuphela.
Esi sisigqibo sobuqu ngokupheleleyo. Nangona kunjalo, ngaphambi kokuba wenze isigqibo esinjalo, ngokuqinisekileyo kufuneka uthethe nogqirha wakho kunye nosapho lwakho malunga nezinto ezikuxhalabisayo, uloyiko kunye neemvakalelo zakho.
Ndingazilungiselela njani ngaphambi konyango?
Ngaphambi kokuba uqale i-hemodialysis, kwiiveki ezimbalwa okanye inyanga ngaphambi kwexesha, kufuneka kwenziwe amalungiselelo amancinci. Oko kukuthi, kufuneka kwenziwe 'ukufikelela' ukuze igazi lisuswe ngokulula emzimbeni lize libuyiselwe emzimbeni ngexesha lonyango. Oku kufuna utyando oluncinci.
Kukho iindlela ezimbini eziphambili zokwenza oku:
- I-AV fistula (i-Arteriovenous fistula - i-AV fistula): Kule nto, ugqirha otyandayo udibanisa umthambo kunye nomthambo engalweni yakho.
- I-Arteriovenous graft (AV graft): Ukuba umthambo kunye nomthambo osengalweni yakho azide ngokwaneleyo ukuba ziqhagamshelane, ugqirha wotyando usebenzisa ityhubhu encinci, ethambileyo (i-graft) ukudibanisa ezi zimbini.
Zombini ezi ndlela zenza umthambo wegazi oqinileyo okulula ukufaka iinaliti kuwo ngexesha le-hemodialysis. Oku kunceda igazi ukuba lihambe ngokukhawuleza.
Ukuba kufuneka kuqaliswe ngequbuliso i-hemodialysis, ugqirha wakho unokufaka okwethutyana ityhubhu ethambileyo ebizwa ngokuba yi-catheter kumthambo omkhulu entanyeni yakho, esifubeni, okanye emlenzeni.
Kubaluleke kakhulu ukukhathalela ukufikelela kwakho!
Esi sixhobo sokufikelela osisenzileyo kufuneka siphathwe ngokungathi sisixhobo esixabisekileyo. Ukuba sisulelekile okanye sonakele, asiyi kukwazi ukunyangwa. Iimpawu zosulelo ziquka:
- Intlungu
- Intlungu xa ucinezela
- Ukudumba
- Ukutshintsha kombala (obomvu, ongwevu, opinki, omdaka, okanye omnyama)
- Ifiva
Ukuze ukhusele ukufikelela, khumbula ezi zinto:
- Musa ukulala icala lokungena lijonge ezantsi.
- Musa ukunxiba impahla okanye izacholo eziza kubanjwa kweso sandla.
- Musa ukuvumela intambo yebhegi iwele phezu kwendawo yokungena.
- Ungaze uvumele umntu ukuba ahlolwe uxinzelelo lwegazi lakhe okanye atsalwe igazi engalweni ekwaziyo ukufikelela kuyo.
Ngaba kufuneka wenze utshintsho kwindlela otya ngayo?
Ewe, ngokuqinisekileyo. Oko ukutyayo nokuselayo kuchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo impumelelo yonyango lwe-hemodialysis. Ezinye ukutya ziyandisa inkunkuma egazini, ukugcinwa kwamanzi, uxinzelelo lwegazi, kunye nokubetha kwentliziyo. Ke ngoko, kufuneka uthethe nogqirha wezintso ukuze uphuhlise isicwangciso sokutya esifanelekileyo kuwe.
Ngokubanzi, kufuneka unciphise ukutya neziselo eziqulethe ezi zinto.
| Yintoni ekufuneka inqunyelwe | Isizathu kunye nemizekelo |
|---|---|
| I-Potassium | Ukuba amanqanaba e-potassium ayanda, isantya sentliziyo sinokuba siphezulu ngendlela engaqhelekanga. Imizekelo: Ibhanana, i-avokhado, iorenji, ipere, iziqhamo ezomisiweyo (idati, iirayisi), iitapile. |
| I-phosphorus | Ukuba i-phosphorus iyanda, amathambo anokuba buthathaka kwaye ulusu lunokurhawuzelelwa. Imizekelo: ubisi nokutya kobisi (iyogathi, itshizi), inkukhu, iisoseji, ukutya okusemathinini, iilentile, iicashews. |
| Isodiyam - ityuwa | Xa utya ityuwa eninzi, unxanwa ngakumbi kwaye ugcina amanzi emzimbeni wakho. Imizekelo: ityuwa, iisosi, i-ketchup, iisuphu ezipakishiweyo, ii-noodles ezikhawulezayo, ukutya okuthengwe evenkileni. |
Kwenzeka ntoni ngexesha lonyango?
Umongikazi okanye ingcali iza kufaka iinaliti ezimbini kwindawo yokungena eyenziwe engalweni yakho. Inaliti enye iza kutsala igazi emzimbeni wakho ize ilithumele kumatshini. Emva kokuba igazi licociwe nge-dialyzer ekumatshini, enye inaliti iza kubuyisela igazi elicocekileyo emzimbeni wakho.
Lo matshini ujonga uxinzelelo lwegazi lakho kulo lonke unyango. Lo matshini unokunyusa okanye unciphise izinga lokuhamba kwegazi njengoko kufuneka.
Ngaba oku kuyabuhlungu?
Uza kuziva ukrakra kancinci xa iinaliti ezimbini zifakwa kwindawo yakho yokufikelela. Nangona kunjalo, awuyi kuva ntlungu kangangeeyure ezininzi emva konyango. Abantu abaninzi bafunda incwadi, babukele iTV, okanye balale ngeli xesha.
Kutheni oku kuthatha ixesha elide kangaka?
Izintso ezimbini eziphilileyo zihlala zicoca igazi iiyure ezingama-24 ngosuku, nokuba ulele. Umatshini we-hemodialysis awunakukwenza oko. Izintso eziphilileyo zicoca malunga neelitha ezili-140 zegazi ngosuku. Kodwa ukusebenza kakuhle konyango lwe-hemodialysis kuphantsi kakhulu. Yiyo loo nto kufuneka kwenziwe ubuncinane iiyure ezi-3-4 ngexesha.
Emva konyango kunye nemiphumo emibi enokubakho
Xa unyango lugqityiwe, iinaliti ziyasuswa, iindawo ziyacocwa, kwaye kufakwe iplasta. Emva koko, ungagoduka njengesiqhelo.
Abantu abaninzi baziva bediniwe okanye bediniwe emva konyango. Oku kungathatha iiyure ezimbalwa. Oku kuqhelekile. Kodwa ukuba uziva ungakhululekanga, xelela ugqirha wakho ngako.
Kukho ezinye iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezinokunxulunyaniswa ne-hemodialysis. Asinguye wonke umntu oza kuzifumana ezi zinto, kodwa kulungile ukuzazi.
| Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga eziqhelekileyo | |
|---|---|
| Uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphantsi (iHypotension) | Usenokubakho isiyezi kunye nokuquleka. |
| Ukuqaqamba kwemisipha | Inokwenzeka ngakumbi emilenzeni. |
| Isicaphucaphu nokuhlanza | Abanye abantu banale ngxaki. |
| Ukurhawuzelela (Pruritus) | Oku kungancitshiswa ngokulawula amanqanaba e-phosphorus egazini. |
| Intloko ebuhlungu, isifuba okanye umqolo | Ezi zinokwenzeka ngamanye amaxesha. |
Ndifanele ndibonane nogqirha nini?
Ukuba unezinye zeempawu ezilandelayo, yazisa ugqirha wakho ngokukhawuleza.
- Iimpawu zoxinzelelo lwegazi oluphantsi (isiyezi, ukuquleka (i-syncope))
- Isicaphucaphu nokuhlanza
- Iimpawu zosulelo kwindawo yokufikelela (ukudumba, ukubomvu, iintlungu, umkhuhlane)
- Intlungu ebuhlungu yesisu
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- I-Hemodialysis lunyango olusindisa ubomi olukunceda uhlale uphila xa izintso zakho zingasebenzi kakuhle. Ayilonyango.
- Kubaluleke kakhulu ukulawula ukutya kwakho ngolu hlobo lonyango.Landela imiyalelo oyinikwe ngugqirha wakho kunye nengcali yesondlo ngokuchanekileyo.
- Ukufikelela okwenzileyo kuluncedo kakhulu. Yikhusele kakuhle kwiintsholongwane nakwiingozi.
- Kuqhelekile ukuziva udiniwe emva konyango. Nangona kunjalo, ungoyiki ukuthetha nogqirha wakho ngayo nayiphi na ingxaki onokuyiva.
- Awuwedwa kolu hambo. Usapho lwakho, abahlobo, kunye nabasebenzi bezonyango bakhona ukukuxhasa. Ungoyena mntu ubalulekileyo kwiqela lakho lezonyango. Ngoko ke yenza isigqibo ngasinye sinolwazi.
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