Ingaba ukuhlanza igazi kuyinto embi kakhulu? Masifunde ngeHemolytic Uremic Syndrome (HUS)!

Ngaba umntwana wakho omncinci ebenesifo sohudo kangangeentsuku ezimbalwa? Bonke abazali bebenokoyika ukuba babona igazi elincinci kwindle yabo? Uninzi lwexesha, kucingelwa ukuba yintlungu yesisu nje, kodwa ngamanye amaxesha inokuba luphawu lokuqala lwesifo esinzima ngakumbi. Yiloo nto sithetha ngayo namhlanje, iHemolytic Uremic Syndrome, okanye i-HUS ngamafutshane, isifo esinzima esinokwenzeka, ngakumbi emva kokosulelwa yibhaktheriya i-E. coli. Masifunde ngale nto ngokulula nangokuchanekileyo.

Kalula nje, yintoni i-HUS?

Cinga ngemithambo yegazi emizimbeni yethu njengenethiwekhi yeendlela. Ezi ndlela kulapho iiseli zethu ezibomvu zegazi zithwala khona ioksijini emzimbeni wonke. Kwimeko ebizwa ngokuba yi-HUS, amahlwili egazi ayakheka aze avaleke kwimithambo yegazi emincinci (ii-capillaries), ingakumbi kwizintso . Kufana nombhobho wamanzi ovalekileyo luthuli namanzi.

Xa imithambo yegazi ivalekile ngale ndlela, kwenzeka izinto ezintathu eziphambili:

1. I-Hemolytic Anemia: Iiseli ezibomvu zegazi ezizama ukudlula kwimithambo yegazi evalekileyo ziyanamathela, zityumke, zize ziqhekeke. Oku kubangela ukwehla komthamo wegazi emzimbeni, nto leyo ethetha i-anemia.

2. Ukwehla kwenani leeplatelet (Thrombocytopenia): Ezi seli zincinci ezinceda ukujiya kwegazi zisetyenziswa kumahlwili egazi akhiwa ngaphakathi kwemithambo yegazi. Ngenxa yoko, inani eliqhelekileyo leeplatelet egazini liyancipha.

3. Ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwezintso: Ngenxa yokuba izintso azifumani igazi elaneleyo kwaye imithambo yegazi yonakele, izintso azikwazi ukucoca ngokufanelekileyo inkunkuma emizimbeni yethu kwaye ziyikhuphe njengomchamo. Oku kunokukhokelela ekungasebenzi kakuhle kwezintso ngequbuliso.

Yintoni eyona nto ibangela i-HUS?

Uninzi lwexesha, malunga ne-90% yexesha, i-HUS ibangelwa yintsholongwane ebizwa ngokuba yi-E. coli (Escherichia coli), evelisa ityhefu ebizwa ngokuba yi-Shiga toxin . Le ntsholongwane ingena emizimbeni yethu ngokutya okungcolileyo, okungaphekwanga kakuhle okanye ngamanzi angcolileyo.

Khawucinge ngale meko. Utya kwindawo yokutyela nosapho lwakho. Ukuba utya inyama yenkomo engaphekwanga kakuhle (ingakumbi inyama yenkomo egayiweyo), ubisi okanye itshizi engagayiwanga, okanye ilettuce okanye imifuno engahlanjwanga, inokuba nebhaktheriya ye-E. coli.

Xa le ntsholongwane ingena emzimbeni, ibangela iintlungu zesisu kunye norhudo olumanzi kwiintsuku ezimbalwa. Kwiintsuku ezimbini okanye ngaphezulu, oku kuba lurhudo olunegazi.Iityhefu zeShiga eziveliswa yintsholongwane zonakalisa udonga lwamathumbu ethu kwaye zibangele ukopha. Ezi tyhefu emva koko zingena egazini zize zihambe emzimbeni wonke, zonakalisa imithambo yegazi emincinci kwizintso. Le yindlela i-HUS eqala ngayo.

Ngaba kukho iintlobo eziphambili ze-HUS?

Ewe, i-HUS inokwahlulwa ibe ziintlobo ezininzi eziphambili.

• I-HUS "Eqhelekileyo": Olu luhlobo esithetha ngalo ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, oludla ngokubangelwa lusulelo lwebhaktheriya olufana ne-E. coli.
• I-HUS engaqhelekanga (aHUS): Olu luhlobo olungaqhelekanga. Lubangelwa sisiphene semfuza. Oku kuthetha ukuba lunokufunyanwa kubazali ukuya ebantwaneni. Aba bantu banokukhula ngequbuliso, nokuba banesifo esifana nomkhuhlane okanye umkhuhlane.
• I-HUS yesibini: Oku kwenzeka njengesiphumo esingesihle senye imeko yezonyango (umz. umhlaza) okanye amayeza athile (umz. amayeza okulwa nomhlaza, amayeza okunciphisa umzimba).

Zithini iimpawu ze-HUS? Ifunyaniswa njani?

Iimpawu ze-HUS zihlala zibonakala ngamanqanaba amabini. Okokuqala, iimpawu ezinxulumene nosulelo lwamathumbu ziyavela. Emva koko, kuvela iimpawu ezinzulu ezinxulumene ne-HUS.

Ufanele uye nini kugqirha ngoko nangoko?

Ukuba wena okanye umntwana wakho unezi mpawu, kufuneka uye kwiSebe lezeMpilo eziNgxamisekileyo (ETU) lesibhedlele ngokukhawuleza .

• Urhudo oluhlala ixesha elingaphezulu kweentsuku ezintathu.
• Urhudo olunegazi.
• Ukuba umchamo owukhuphayo uyancipha kakhulu.
• Ukuba umntwana umhlophe kwaye udiniwe kakhulu.
• Ukuba umzimba uvuvukile.

Oogqirha baqinisekisa njani imeko ye-HUS?

Ugqirha okuxilongayo uya kumamela ngononophelo iimpawu zakho aze emva koko acele iimvavanyo ezininzi ukuqinisekisa ukuba une-HUS.

• Uvavanyo lweGazi: Olu vavanyo lunokujonga ukuba iiseli ezibomvu zegazi kunye neeplatelet ziphantsi na, kunye nokusebenza kwezintso (i-creatinine, i-urea, njl.njl.).
• Uvavanyo lomchamo: Ukujonga igazi okanye iiproteni kumchamo.
• Uvavanyo lweSitulo: Uhlola iintsholongwane ezifana ne-E. coli O157 kwisisu.
• I-Kidney Biopsy: Ngamanye amaxesha, iqhekeza elincinci kakhulu lezintso lingadinga ukuthathwa kwaye livavanywe ukuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa.

Ziziphi iindlela zonyango ze-HUS?

I-HUS yimeko efuna ukulaliswa esibhedlele . Ayinakunyangelwa ekhaya. Ezi zezona ndlela zonyango ziphambili ezinikwa esibhedlele.

1. Nika ityuwa kunye nesondlo: Urhudo kunye nokuhlanza kunokubangela ukuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni ngokukhupha amanzi kunye netyuwa emzimbeni. Ukuthintela oku, ityuwa (ii-IV fluids) zinikwa ngemithambo. Ukuba awukwazi ukutya, isondlo sinikwa ngetyhubhu.

2. Utofelo-gazi kunye neeplatelet:Igazi linikwa ukuba inani leeseli ezibomvu zegazi liphantsi kakhulu (i-anemia). Iiplatelets zinikwa nokuba inani leeplatelets liphantsi kakhulu kwaye kukho umngcipheko wokopha.

3. I-Dialysis: Ukuba izintso zibuthathaka kakhulu ukuba zingasusa inkunkuma emzimbeni, i-dialysis, umatshini ococa igazi, iyimfuneko. Le yinkqubo yexeshana. I-Dialysis inokumiswa xa izintso ziqala ukusebenza kwakhona.

4. Amayeza akhethekileyo: Kwiintlobo ezingaqhelekanga ezifana ne-HUS (aHUS) engaqhelekanga, kusetyenziswa amayeza akhethekileyo afana ne -eculizumab okanye i-ravulizumab .

Yintoni esifanele siyenze ukuze siphephe i-HUS?

Eyona ndlela ilungileyo yokuthintela i-HUS kukunyamekela izinto ezincinci ebomini bethu bemihla ngemihla.

• Qiniseka ukuba uhlamba izandla zakho kakuhle ngesepha phambi kokulungisa ukutya nasemva kokusebenzisa indlu yangasese.
• Pheka inyama, intlanzi, namaqanda kakuhle. Pheka inyama egayiweyo, ingakumbi inyama egayiweyo, ide iphekwe kakuhle ngaphakathi.
• Hlamba imifuno eluhlaza, iziqhamo kunye nelettuce kakuhle ngamanzi acocekileyo.
• Kuphephe ukusela ubisi olungacocwanga/olungacocwanga, iimveliso zobisi, kunye neziselo zeziqhamo.
• Musa ukusebenzisa iibhodi zokusika, iimela, okanye ezinye izinto ezisetyenziselwa inyama eluhlaza okanye intlanzi ekutyeni okuphekiweyo. Zihlambe uze uzicoce kakuhle emva kokuzisebenzisa.
• Kuphephe ukudada kwiindawo zokubhukuda ezimdaka, emilanjeni, nakwimilambo.
• Ukuba unesifo sorhudo, kuphephe ukuya emachibini okudada.

I-HUS yimeko eyoyikisayo. Kodwa ukuba ifunyenwe kwangethuba, inyangwe kwaye inyangwe ngokukhawuleza, abantu abangaphezu kwama-85% bayaphila ngokupheleleyo . Umonakalo kwizintso uhlala ungowexeshana. Ngoko ke eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukwazi iimpawu kwaye ufumane ingcebiso kugqirha ngokukhawuleza.