Ngaba wakha wacinga ukuba izintso zethu zifana nezihluzo ezimbini ezinkulu? Ewe, yiloo nto kanye eyenzekayo. Umsebenzi ophambili wezintso kukucoca inkunkuma engafunekiyo, iityhefu, kunye namanzi agqithisileyo egazini lethu. Kodwa ngamanye amaxesha esi sihluzo sonakala size siyeke ukusebenza kakuhle. Oku kuncipha kancinci kancinci kokusebenza kwezintso ngokuhamba kwexesha yinto esiyibiza ngokuba yiChronic Kidney Disease (CKD) .
Ngamafutshane, yintoni isifo sezintso esinganyangekiyo (CKD)?
Khawuthelekelele ukuba isihluzo samanzi sakho sasekhaya siya sivaleka kancinci kancinci. Ekuqaleni, awuyi kubona mahluko mkhulu, kodwa ngokuhamba kwexesha, ukuhamba kwamanzi kuyehla kwaye incasa yamanzi iyatshintsha. Yiloo nto eyenzekayo xa izintso zakho zonakele.
Xa izintso zonakele, azikwazi ukucoca nokususa inkunkuma egazini ngokufanelekileyo. Ezi nkunkuma ziqala ukuqokelelana egazini. Igama elithi "chronic" lisetyenziswa kuba le meko ikhula ngokuhamba kwexesha. Esi asisosifo esikhula ngobusuku obunye.
Into ebalulekileyo kukuba ayinguye wonke umntu onesi sifo oza kungasebenzi kakuhle kwezintso. Ngonyango olufanelekileyo kunye notshintsho kwindlela yokuphila, singalawula umonakalo kwizintso kwaye silondoloze ukusebenza kwazo ixesha elide kangangoko kunokwenzeka.
Kwenzeka ntoni ngokwenene kwizintso zethu?
Sinezintso ezimbini. Ezi zitho zimile okwembotyi zifumaneka emqolo wethu, kumacala omabini omqolo wethu, ngaphantsi nje kwembambo zethu. Ubungakanani bezintso enye bulingana nesandla sesandla sethu. Nangona umsebenzi wazo ophambili kukucoca igazi, zikwasebenza neminye imisebenzi emininzi ebalulekileyo.
- Ukucocwa kwegazi: Inkunkuma, iityhefu, kunye namanzi angaphezulu egazini zikhutshwa njengomchamo.
- Ukulinganisela iityuwa kunye neeminerali: Kunceda ukugcina umlinganiselo ofanelekileyo wee-electrolytes (iityuwa) ezifunekayo emzimbeni, ezifana ne-sodium kunye ne-potassium.
- Ukuveliswa kwamahomoni: Iihomoni ezilawula uxinzelelo lwegazi kunye neehomoni ezenza iiseli ezibomvu zegazi ziveliswa zizintso.
- Igcina amathambo eqinile: IVithamin D iyasebenza kwaye inceda ukugcina amathambo eqinile.
Ukuba ezi zinto azenziwanga kakuhle, inkunkuma iyaqokelelana emzimbeni size sigule.
Zeziphi izigaba ezi-5 zesifo sezintso?
Oogqirha, kukho indlela yokulinganisa ukusebenza kakuhle kwezintso zakho. Ibizwa ngokuba yi -GFR (Glomerular Filtration Rate) . Ngamafutshane, oku kulinganisa ukuba zingaphi iimililitha zegazi ezihluzwa zizintso zakho ngomzuzu. Eli xabiso le-GFR lisetyenziselwa ukwahlula isifo sibe ngamanqanaba amahlanu. Eli xabiso lingafunyanwa ngovavanyo lwegazi nomchamo.
| Iqonga | Ixabiso le-GFR (mL/min) | Intsingiselo |
|---|---|---|
| Inqanaba loku-1 | 90 nangaphezulu | Kukho umonakalo omncinci kwizintso, kodwa umsebenzi wazo uqhelekile. |
| Inqanaba lesi-2 | 60 - 89 | Umsebenzi wezintso unciphile kancinci. |
| Inqanaba lesi-3 | 30 - 59 | Umsebenzi wezintso uyancipha kancinci. |
| Inqanaba lesi-4 | 15 - 29 | Ukusebenza kwezintso kuye kwehla kakhulu. |
| Inqanaba lesi-5 | Ngaphantsi kwe-15 | Izintso ziphantse zangasebenzi ngokupheleleyo (Ukusilela Kwezintso). |
Zithini iimpawu zesi sifo?
Eyona ngxaki inkulu ngesi sifo kukuba asibonisi zimpawu kwasekuqaleni . Kungathatha iminyaka ukuba inkunkuma iqokelele emzimbeni ize ibonise iimpawu. Yiyo loo nto abantu abaninzi bengazi ukuba banaso esi sifo. Njengoko esi sifo siqhubeka, unokufumana izinto ezifana nezi:
- Ukufuna ukuchama rhoqo.
- Ndiziva ndidiniwe kakhulu kwaye ndingenabomi.
- Ukutya akunancasa.
- Ukudumba kwezandla, iinyawo, namaqatha.
- Ubunzima bokuphefumla.
- Umchamo onegwebu (onamaqhubu).
- Ukudumba phantsi kwamehlo.
- Ulusu olomileyo nolurhawuzelayo.
- Ubunzima bokugxila kwinto ethile.
- Ukungalali.
- Ukurhawuzelela kwezinye iindawo zomzimba.
- Isicaphucaphu okanye ukuhlanza.
- Ukuqaqamba kwemisipha.
- Uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu.
- Ukuba mnyama kwesikhumba.
Ezi mpawu zinokubakho nakwezinye izifo, ngoko ke ukuba ufumana into efana nale, eyona nto ingcono onokuyenza kukubona ugqirha wakho ukuze akunike icebiso.
Zithini izizathu eziphambili zesifo sezintso?
Esi sifo senzeka xa izintso zonakele kwaye zingasasebenzi kakuhle. Kwisifo sezintso esingapheliyo, lo monakalo uvela kancinci kancinci, kangangeminyaka emininzi. Zimbini izizathu eziphambili zophuhliso lwesi sifo eSri Lanka nakwihlabathi liphela.
1. Uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu: Xa uxinzelelo lwegazi lusanda, imithambo yegazi ethambileyo ehambisa igazi kwizintso iyonakala. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, lo monakalo unciphisa amandla ezintso okucoca igazi.
2. Isifo seswekile: Xa amanqanaba eswekile egazini enyuka, yonakalisa neeyunithi zokucoca ezincinci (i-glomeruli) ezintso.
Ukongeza kwezi zizathu zimbini ziphambili, kunokubakho nezinye izizathu ezininzi.
| Isizathu | Ingcaciso elula |
|---|---|
| Izizathu eziphambili | Uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu (iHypertension) kunye nesifo seswekile. |
| I-Glomerulonephritis | Ukonakala kweeyunithi zokucoca (i-glomeruli) kwizintso. |
| Isifo sezintso esine-polycystic | Esi sisifo esizuzwa njengelifa esibangela ukuba kubekho ii-cysts ezininzi ezizaliswe lulwelo ezintso. |
| Ukuvaleka kwendlela yomchamo | Ukuvaleka komchamo ngenxa yamatye ezintso, ukwanda kweprostate, okanye umhlaza. |
| Usulelo lwezintso oluphindaphindayo (iPyelonephritis) | Usulelo oluqhelekileyo lwezintso olubangelwa ziintsholongwane. |
| Ezinye izifo | Izifo zomzimba ezifana ne-lupus. |
Ngubani osengozini enkulu?
Nabani na unokuba nesifo sezintso esinganyangekiyo. Nangona kunjalo, usemngciphekweni omkhulu ukuba unenye yezi zinto zilandelayo:
- Ukuba unesifo seswekile.
- Ukuba une-high blood pressure.
- Ukuba unesifo sentliziyo.
- Ukuba kukho umntu kusapho okhe waba nesifo sezintso.
- Ukuba uneminyaka engaphezu kwama-60 ubudala.
- Ukuba ubusoloko usela iintlungu (ii-NSAIDs) , oko kukuthi, iintlobo ezithile zeentlungu onokuzithenga kwikhemesti, ixesha elide.
Indlela yokuxilonga esi sifo?
Xa usiya kugqirha, uza kukubuza ngembali yakho yezonyango, imbali yosapho, amayeza owasebenzisayo, kunye neempawu onazo. Emva koko, baza kwenza uvavanyo lomzimba baze bacele uvavanyo lwegazi nomchamo ukuze bajonge ukusebenza kwezintso zakho.
- Uvavanyo lwegazi: Olu vavanyo lujonga ikakhulu amanqanaba akho e-GFR kunye ne -serum creatinine . I-Creatinine yimveliso engcolileyo eveliswa zimisipha zethu. Izintso eziphilileyo ziyayikhupha emchameni. Xa izintso zingaphumeleli, i-creatinine iyaqokelelana egazini.
- Uvavanyo lomchamo: Oku kuhlola iproteni (i-albumin) okanye igazi kumchamo. Izintso eziphilileyo azivumeli ezi zinto ukuba zidlulele kumchamo.
Ngamanye amaxesha, into efana ne- ultrasound scan ingenziwa ukujonga ubungakanani kunye nokuma kwezintso. Okanye, i -kidney biopsy ingenziwa, equka ukuthatha iqhekeza elincinci kakhulu lezintso uze ulihlole.
Iphathwa njani?
Isifo sezintso esinganyangekiyo asinakunyangwa ngokupheleleyo. Kodwa singawunciphisa umonakalo kwizintso size sizigcine zisebenza kakuhle kangangoko kunokwenzeka. Nazi ezinye izinto onokuzenza.
Khumbula, konke oku kufanele kwenziwe ngokwemiyalelo kagqirha wakho.
Utshintsho kwindlela yokuphila
- Ukutyelela ugqirha rhoqo:Dibana nogqirha wakho wezifo zengqondo ngemihla ecwangcisiweyo uze wenze uvavanyo olufunekayo.
- Ulawulo lwesifo seswekile kunye noxinzelelo lwegazi: Ukuba unesifo seswekile okanye uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu, zilawule kakuhle.
- Ziphephe iipilisi eziyingozi kwizintso: Musa ukuqhubeka usela iipilisi zokuthomalalisa iintlungu, ingakumbi ngaphandle kwengcebiso kagqirha.
- Ukutya okulungele izintso: Oku kubaluleke kakhulu. Uya kucetyiswa ukuba unciphise ityuwa (i-sodium), i-potassium, unciphise ukutya iiproteni, kwaye utye ukutya okune-cholesterol encinci.
- Kuphephe ukutshaya.
- Ukuzilolonga: Zilolonge imizuzu engama-30 ngosuku, ubuncinane iintsuku ezi-5 ngeveki.
- Gcina ubunzima bakho busempilweni.
Amayeza
Ngokuxhomekeke kwimeko yakho, ugqirha wakho unokukunika amayeza ahlukeneyo. Umzekelo:
- Amayeza okwehlisa uxinzelelo lwegazi (ii-ACE inhibitors, ii-ARBs).
- I-Diuretics ngamayeza asusa amanzi agqithisileyo emzimbeni.
- Amayeza okwehlisa i-cholesterol.
- Ukuba une-anemia, thatha amayeza anceda ekuveliseni iiseli ezibomvu zegazi.
- Izinto ezifana ne-vitamin D zokuthintela ubuthathaka bamathambo.
Yintoni omawuyenze ukuba izintso aziphumeleli ngokupheleleyo (Isifo sezintso seSigaba sokugqibela)?
Ukuba isifo sifikelela kwinqanaba lesi-5, oko kuthetha ukuba izintso azisebenzi kakuhle, kuya kufuneka usebenzise ezinye iindlela ukuze usinde. Kukho iindlela ezimbini eziphambili zokwenza oko.
1. I-Dialysis: I-Dialysis yinkqubo yokucoca igazi elingenakukwazi ukulicoca izintso ngoncedo lomatshini.
- I-Hemodialysis: Kulapho igazi lakho lithunyelwa khona kumatshini, apho inkunkuma isuswa khona ize ibuyiselwe emzimbeni wakho. Oku kwenziwa kathathu ngeveki, malunga neeyure ezi-4 ngalo lonke ixesha.
- I-Peritoneal Dialysis: Kule meko, kufakwa ulwelo olukhethekileyo ngetyhubhu ebekwe esiswini sakho. Emva kokuba ulwelo lufunxe inkunkuma emzimbeni wakho, emva koko lukhutshwa ngetyhubhu efanayo. Oku kungenziwa ekhaya, ngaphandle kokuya esibhedlele.
2. Ukufakelwa kwezintso: Ukufakelwa kwezintso ngotyando endaweni yezintso ezonakeleyo ngentso ephilileyo. Oku kungenziwa ngumntu ophilayo (ngokuqhelekileyo ilungu losapho) okanye kumntu oswelekileyo (umxhasi wezitho zomzimba).
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Isifo sezintso esingapheliyo kukuncipha kancinci kancinci kokusebenza kwezintso ngokuhamba kwexesha.
- Eyona ngxaki inkulu yoku kukuba isenokungabonakalisi zimpawu kwasekuqaleni . Ke ngoko, kubaluleke kakhulu kubantu abanesifo seswekile kunye noxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu ukuba bahlolwe izintso zabo rhoqo.
- Nangona esi sifo singenakunyangwa ngokupheleleyo,Ukonakala kwezintso kunokulawulwa ngonyango olufanelekileyo kunye notshintsho kwindlela yokuphila.
- Landela imiyalelo kagqirha wakho ngokuchanekileyo. Sela amayeza akho ngokufanelekileyo, lawula ukutya kwakho, kwaye uzilolonge.
- Musa ukoyika ukwazi ukuba unesi sifo. Ngokuphathwa kakuhle, ungaphila ubomi obuqhelekileyo. Kwakhona, fumana inkxaso kusapho lwakho nakubahlobo bakho.
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