Ingaba ungumkhweli wentaba? Masifunde nge-High-Altitude Cerebral Edema (HACE)!

Ngaba wakha wazibuza ukuba kwenzeka ntoni emizimbeni yethu xa sinyuka intaba ephakamileyo, oko kukuthi, xa sinyuka kakhulu ngaphezu kolwandle? Ngamanye amaxesha siya kwiindawo eziphakamileyo ukuze sibone imibono emihle size sifumane amava amatsha. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba sihamba singalungiselelanga kakuhle, kunokuvela iimeko eziyingozi xa imizimba yethu ingakwazi ukumelana nokuphakama. Enye imeko enjalo ibizwa ngokuba yi-HACE (High-Altitude Cerebral Edema) .

Yintoni i-HACE (i-High-Altitude Cerebral Edema)?

Ngamafutshane, i-HACE yimeko apho ingqondo yakho idumba kwindawo ephakamileyo . Le yimeko enobungozi enokuba yingozi nakubomi. Cinga ngayo, imizimba yethu iqhelene nobungakanani beoksijini kwindawo esihlala kuyo. Nangona kunjalo, xa ngequbuliso sisuka kwinqanaba lolwandle siye kwindawo ephezulu kakhulu, umzekelo iikhilomitha ezi-4-5 (malunga neekhilomitha ezi-2.5-3), umoya apho uneoksijini encinci kakhulu. Xa ingqondo yethu ingakwazi ukumelana nokunqongophala kweoksijini, iqala ukudumba ngenxa yokusabela. Intloko yethu ifana nebhokisi eqinileyo, ngoko ke xa ingqondo idumba, akukho ndawo yaneleyo yayo, kwaye uxinzelelo ngaphakathi kwentloko luyanda. Olu xinzelelo luyonakalisa ingqondo kwaye umzimba wethu uqala ukusebenza ngokungacwangciswanga. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-HACE. Le meko inokuchaphazela abakhweli beentaba, abantu abaya kwiindawo zeentaba, okanye nabani na oya kwiindawo eziphakamileyo kakhulu kunolwandle.

Yintoni eyona nto ibangela i-HACE?

Eyona nto ibangela i-HACE yimeko ebizwa ngokuba yi -hypoxia . I-Hypoxia kuxa izicubu zomzimba wethu, ingakumbi ingqondo, zingafumani ioksijini eyaneleyo . Xa sisiya kwindawo ephakamileyo, umoya apho uncinci ioksijini, ngoko ke imizimba yethu ayifumani umlinganiselo weoksijini ewudingayo. Ngenxa yokuba imizimba yethu ayiqhelanga eli nqanaba liphantsi leoksijini, ukusebenza kwamalungu abalulekileyo anje ngengqondo kuqala ukuwohloka. Le yeyona nto iphambili yesayensi ye-HACE.

Zithini iimpawu ze-HACE? Ungazibona njani?

Iimpawu ze-HACE aziveli ngequbuliso. Ziqala kancinci zize zibe nzima ngakumbi. Ngoko ke kubalulekile ukuba uzazi ezi mpawu, ingakumbi ukuba ungumkhweli wentaba.

Iimpawu Zokuqala

Ezi zezinye zeempawu zokuqala zesilumkiso semeko ye-HACE:

• Intloko ebuhlungu: Oku kungahluka kancinci kunentloko eqhelekileyo, kwaye kunokuba nzima kakhulu.
• Ukudinwa nokudinwa: Ukuziva udiniwe kakhulu nangona ungenzi msebenzi.
• Ukudinwa kunye nokuziva ujikeleza (Vertigo): Usenokuziva udinwe naxa umi.
• Isicaphucaphu nokuhlanza: Ukuziva isisu sishukuma, mhlawumbi nokuhlanza.
• Ukozela: Ukuziva ulele ngalo lonke ixesha.
• Ukudideka: Ukungakwazi ukucinga ngokucacileyo, ukungaqondi okwenzekayo, ubunzima bokwenza izigqibo.

Ukuba wena okanye umntu onayo ufumana ezi mpawu kwindawo ephakamileyo, yiyo loo ntoMusa ukuyithatha lula le nto , kuba oku kungaba sisiqalo se-HACE.

Iimpawu Ezinzima - Ukuba ezi mpawu ziyenzeka, udinga uncedo ngokukhawuleza!

Njengoko iimpawu zokuqala ziqhubeka kwaye imeko isiya isiba mandundu, ezi mpawu zilandelayo zinokuvela. Ukuba uzibona ezi , kubalulekile ukufuna ingcebiso kagqirha ngoko nangoko :

• Intloko ebuhlungu kakhulu: intlungu enganyamezelekiyo.
• Ukulahlekelwa yibhalansi (Ataxia): Ukungakwazi ukuhamba kakuhle, ukugxadazela xa ucelwa ukuba uhambe ngokuthe tye, njengomntu onxilileyo.
• Ubuthathaka obukhulu: Ukulahlekelwa bubomi bonke emzimbeni.
• Intetho engacacanga: Intetho engacacanga , oko kuthetha ukuba amagama awaphumi ngokucacileyo.
• Ukutshintsha kwesimo sengqondo: Ukulibala ukuba ukuphi kwaye lixesha lini, ukuziphatha ngendlela engaqhelekanga, ukubona okanye ukuva izinto ezingezizo zokwenyani.
• Ukulahlekelwa yingqondo.
• Ukuxhuzula.

Kubalulekile: Rhoqo, abantu abane-HACE abaziqondi ukuba bayagula. Banokucinga, "Ndidiniwe nje, ndiza kuphila kungekudala." Ngoko ke, ukuba uhamba neqela uze ubone utshintsho olukhawulezileyo kwindlela umhlobo wakho aziphatha ngayo okanye athetha ngayo (umzekelo, umntu obephilile ngequbuliso uqala ukuthetha amazwi akhe, okanye ebonakala enengxaki yokuhamba), musa ukungayinaki loo nto . Mhlise uye kwindawo ekhuselekileyo ngokukhawuleza kwaye ufune unyango ngoko nangoko. Musa ukunyuka uye phezulu nangasiphi na isizathu.

Ngubani osengozini enkulu yokuphuhlisa i-HACE?

Le meko, ebizwa ngokuba yi-HACE, inokuchaphazela nabani na. Akunamsebenzi nokuba unamava kangakanani na ekunyukeni intaba okanye uneminyaka emingaphi. Nangona kunjalo, abanye abantu basengozini enkulu kancinci:

• Kwabo babekhe baba nesifo sokugula kwindawo ephezulu ngaphambili: Ukuba ukhe waba neentloko ezibuhlungu kunye nokuhlanza ngelixa unyuka iintaba, kukho ithuba elincinci lokuba usenokuba ne-HACE.
• Kwabo benza umthambo onzima: Xa uzilolonga kakhulu kwindawo ephakamileyo, umzimba wakho udinga ioksijini engaphezulu. Kodwa ngenxa yokuba ioksijini incinci, umngcipheko uyakhula.
• Kwabo basuka kwindawo ephantsi baye kwindawo ephezulu kakhulu ngequbuliso: Ingxaki iqala xa umzimba ungenalo ixesha lokuziqhelanisa notshintsho. Kungcono ukunyuka kancinci.

I-HACE idla ngokuchaphazela abantu abangaqhelanga iindawo eziphakamileyo, oko kuthetha ukuba abakaze bachithe ixesha kwindawo enjalo. Ukwanda kwe-HACE kungaphantsi kwe-1% yabantu abahamba kwiindawo eziphakamileyo phakathi kweemitha ezingama-4,000 kunye nama-5,000 (iikhilomitha ezingama-2.5 ukuya kwezi-3) ngaphezu kolwandle. Oku kwenza ukuba ibe lolona hlobo lungaqhelekanga lwesifo sokuphakama.

Ziziphi iingxaki ezinokubakho ze-HACE? Iyingozi kangakanani?

I-HACE ithetha ukuba ukuba ayihoywa, inokukhokelela ekufeni.Imeko embi kakhulu. Iingxaki zinokwenzeka kwiiyure ezingama-24 emva kokuqala kweempawu. Eyona ngxaki iyingozi kakhulu kukukhula kobuchopho . Oku kwenzeka xa uxinzelelo ngaphakathi kwentloko (uxinzelelo lwangaphakathi kwentloko) lunyuka kakhulu, nto leyo ebangela ukuba iindawo zengqondo zivuvuke kwaye kuthintele ukuhanjiswa kwegazi engqondweni. Oku kunokubangela umonakalo omkhulu engqondweni, i-coma, kwaye ngelishwa, ukufa. Yiyo loo nto kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba uthathe amanyathelo ngokukhawuleza nje ukuba uqaphele iimpawu ze-HACE.

Ngaba kukho naziphi na iziphumo zexesha elide ze-HACE?

Ukungabikho komoya-mpilo (hypoxia) okubangelwa yi-HACE ngamanye amaxesha kunokuba nemiphumo yexesha elide. Oku kuthetha ukuba ezinye iingxaki zisenokuhlala zikho nasemva kokuba isifo siphelile. Umzekelo:

• Ukulahlekelwa yinkumbulo.
• Ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo.
• Utshintsho kubuntu bakho.
• Ukulahleka kombono.
• Ubunzima bokuthetha nokuginya.

Kodwa, eyona nto ilungileyo kukuba, ukuba i-HACE iqatshelwa kwaye inyangwa kwangethuba, umngcipheko weziphumo ezinjalo zexesha elide uphantsi kakhulu. Yiyo loo nto kusoloko kuthiwa nokuba ufumana isifo esincinci kwindawo ephakamileyo, musa ukusityeshela.

Oogqirha bayixilonga njani i-HACE?

Ukuba ugula kwindawo ephakamileyo uze uye kugqirha, baya kuzama ukukuxilonga nge-HACE ngokukhawuleza, kuba unyango kufuneka luqale ngokukhawuleza. Izinto eziphambili abazenzayo ukuze baxilonge imeko zezi:

• Uvavanyo lwe-neurological: Oku kuya kujonga ibhalansi yakho, ukuphaphama, kunye nokuthetha kwakho.
• Ukubuza ngeempawu, imbali yezonyango, kunye nembali yokuhamba: Baza kukubuza malunga nendlela oziva ngayo, nokuba ukhe wagula ngaphambili, kunye nokuba uhambe kangakanani. Nokuba ukhe waya kwiindawo eziphakamileyo kubaluleke kakhulu ekuxilongeni i-HACE.

Ngamanye amaxesha, ezi mvavanyo zilandelayo zinokwenziwa ukuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa (ezi azisoloko ziyimfuneko):

• Uvavanyo lwegazi: Izinto ezinje ngokujonga inani leeseli ezimhlophe egazini kunye nokujonga inqanaba letyuwa.
• Uvavanyo lwe-MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) okanye i-CT scan (Computed Tomography scan): Olu vavanyo lunceda ukubona ukuba kukho ukudumba engqondweni okanye naziphi na ezinye iingxaki.

Ziziphi iindlela zonyango ze-HACE?

Inyathelo lokuqala nelibaluleke kakhulu ekunyangeni i-HACE kukufikelela ezantsi kwengxaki ngoko nangoko . Le yeyona ndlela ilungileyo yokusindisa ubomi. Ukongeza, kusetyenziswa olu nyango lulandelayo:

• Yehla ubuncinane iimitha ezili-1000 (malunga nesiqingatha semayile): Ukuba kunokwenzeka, hamba nomntu oza kukunceda. Musa ukuzibhokoxa kakhulu xa uhamba.
• Ioksijini eyongezelelweyo okanye ukusebenzisa igumbi eliphathwayo le-hyperbaric: Ezi zinokubonelela ngeoksijini emzimbeni ngokukhawuleza.
• Ukunika amayeza:
• I-Dexamethasone, iyeza le-corticosteroid: Oku kunciphisa ukudumba kwengqondo.
• I-Acetazolamide: Eli yeza likwanceda ekunciphiseni ukudumba engqondweni kwaye likuncede ulungelelane nokuphakama.

Ugqirha uza kumisela unyango olufanelekileyo ngokusekelwe kwimeko yakho.

Kuthatha ixesha elingakanani ukuchacha emva konyango?

Wakuba uqalile unyango, kufuneka uqale uzive ungcono kwiintsuku ezimbalwa ukuya kwiiveki ezimbalwa. Kuxhomekeke ekubeni imeko yakho imbi kangakanani na. Kodwa kubantu abaninzi, ayithathi iiveki, ithatha iintsuku ezimbalwa kuphela.

Yintoni ekufuneka ilindelwe ngumntu one-HACE?

I-HACE yingxamiseko yezonyango. Ke ngoko, ukuxilongwa kwangoko kunye nonyango olukhawulezileyo yeyona ndlela ilungileyo yokuthintela iingxaki. Inokwenzeka kubo bobabini abanamava ekunyukeni intaba kunye nabakwindawo yokuzonwabisa.

Khawucinge nje, uceba ukunyuka uye encotsheni yentaba. Emva koko, nokuba unengxaki encinci, unokucinga, 'Sele sisondele encotsheni ngoku, kusele kancinci, ndingakwazi ukumelana nale nto.' Yiyo loo nto iyingozi kakhulu. Kuba ukuba uqhubeka ngolu hlobo, imeko ye-HACE iya kuba mandundu. Ukuba ayinyangwa, inokuba yingozi ebomini.

Ngoko ke, ukuba wena okanye nabani na kwiqela lakho uqala ukuziva udiniwe, unesiyezi, okanye unentloko ebuhlungu, ungathandabuzi ukuyeka ukunyuka uze wehle ngokukhuselekileyo. Iimpawu ze-HACE zinokuba mandundu kwiiyure ezimbalwa. Yiyo loo nto kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele iimpawu ze-HACE ngaphambi kokuba uqale ukunyuka.

Ngaba i-HACE ingathintelwa? Ukuba kunjalo, njani?

Ewe, eyona ndlela ilungileyo yokuthintela i-HACE kukuziqhelanisa nomzimba wakho nokuphakama . Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-'acclimatization'. Ngamafutshane, kukuvumela umzimba wakho ukuba uhlengahlengise kancinci utshintsho kumanqanaba eoksijini. Isifo sokuphakama njenge-HACE senzeka xa ngequbuliso uye kwindawo ephezulu apho umzimba wakho ungakulungelanga khona.

Ungaziqhelanisa nokunyuka kancinci kancinci. Umzekelo, ukuba ukwindawo ephakamileyo yeemitha ezingama-2,500 (malunga neekhilomitha ezili-1.7) ngaphezu kolwandle, nyuka iimitha ezingama-300-500 kuphela (malunga nemayile enye) ngosuku. Oko kuthetha ukuba unyuka uye kuloo ndawo iphakamileyo ngenye imini, uhlale apho ubusuku bonke, uze unyuke kancinci ngosuku olulandelayo. Oku kunika umzimba wakho ixesha lokuziqhelanisa nendawo entsha. Oku kunokuba ngumceli mngeni kwabanye abantu, njengoko kuthatha ixesha elide. Nangona kunjalo, kungcono kakhulu kukhuseleko lwakho.

Ufanele ufune nini ingcebiso yezonyango ngokukhawuleza?

I-HACE yimeko engxamisekileyo yezonyango. Ukuba uziva ugula, unesiyezi, okanye udiniwe ngelixa ukwindawo ephakamileyo, yiya kwindawo ekhuselekileyo ngoko nangoko kwaye utsalele umnxeba iinkonzo zonyango ezingxamisekileyo. ESri Lanka, ungatsalela umnxeba ku-1990 (Suvaseriya). Ukuba ukwilizwe langaphandle, tsalela umnxeba kwinombolo engxamisekileyo yelo lizwe (umz. 911). Musa ukuchitha ixesha.

Yeyiphi imibuzo ebalulekileyo ekufuneka uyibuze ugqirha?

Ukuba une-HACE, okanye ukrokrela ukuba unayo, kungcono ukubuza ugqirha wakho imibuzo efana nale:

• "Ngaba ndine-HACE okanye olunye uhlobo lokugula ngenxa yokuphakama?"
• "Ndingawulungisa njani umzimba wam ngaphambi kokuba ndiye kwiindawo eziphakamileyo?"
• "Ngaba ndiza kuba nemiphumo yexesha elide evela kwi-HACE?"
• "Ukuba bendine-HACE, ndingaphinda ndinyuke iintaba?"

Iimpendulo zale mibuzo ziya kuba luncedo kakhulu kuwe.

Yintoni umahluko phakathi kwe-AMS kunye ne-HACE?

Abantu abaninzi bayabuza ukuba ngaba i-AMS (i-Acute Mountain Sickness) kunye ne-HACE zizinto ezimbini ezahlukeneyo okanye yinto enye.

I-HACE (i-High-Altitude Cerebral Edema) luhlobo olungaqhelekanga nolunzima kakhulu lwe-AMS (i-Acute Mountain Sickness). I-HACE ngamanye amaxesha ibizwa ngokuba yi-'late AMS' okanye 'late stage AMS'.

I-AMS yimeko eyenzeka xa ngequbuliso unyuka uye kwindawo ephakamileyo. Inokubangela iimpawu ezifana nentloko ebuhlungu, isicaphucaphu, intloko ebuhlungu, kunye nobunzima bokuphefumla.

Zombini ezi meko zenzeka xa imizimba yethu ingafumani ioksijini eyaneleyo kwiindawo eziphakamileyo. Ngamafutshane, i-AMS ifana nomqondiso wesilumkiso, ukuba awuhoywa, unokukhokelela kwimeko eyingozi ebizwa ngokuba yi-HACE.

Okokugqibela, eyona nto ibalulekileyo endinokuyithetha kuwe! (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Ukunyuka uye encotsheni yentaba nokuva amava yinto entle ngokwenene. Kodwa, xa unyuka, mamela umzimba wakho. Nokuba usukelo lubaluleke kakhulu kuwe kangangokuba ucinge ukuba, 'Andinakukuyeka oku, ndikude kancinci,' ungazihoyi iimpawu umzimba wakho okunika zona. Ukuba uziva iimpawu ezincinci ze-HACE (High-Altitude Cerebral Edema), yiya ngoko nangoko kwindawo ekhuselekileyo, oko kukuthi, esezantsi. Ukuba i-HACE ayinyangwa, inokuba yingozi ebomini kwiiyure ezimbalwa. Ngoko ke ungalibazisi. Zikhathalele wena kunye nabanye abantu abanyuka nawe. Thatha inyathelo ngokukhawuleza nje ukuba uqala ukufumana iimpawu eziphakamileyo. Ubomi bakho buxabisekile!

` I-HACE, ukuphakama okuphezulu, ukudumba kobuchopho, ukunqongophala komoya-mpilo, intloko ebuhlungu, ukunyuka intaba, isifo sokuphakama, i-hypoxia, ukuqhelana