Ngaba wakha weva nge-'HTLV-1 (iHuman T-lymphotropic Virus type-1)? Makhe sithethe ngayo!

Mhlawumbi ukhe weva ngeentsholongwane ezifana ne-'HIV'. Kodwa kusenokwenzeka ukuba awuzange uve okuninzi ngentsholongwane ethi 'HTLV-1'. Le ikwaluhlobo lwentsholongwane enokungena kwiiseli zomzimba wethu ize ibangele izifo. Kodwa ungakhathazeki, kubantu abaninzi oku akuyi kuba yingxaki enkulu. Kodwa kulungile ukwazi, akunjalo? Ngoko makhe sibone ukuba yintoni i-'HTLV-1', ukuba ikhula njani, kwaye yintoni enokwenziwa ngayo.

Yintoni i-'HTLV-1`? Masiyiqonde ngokulula!

I-'HTLV-1' imele i-'Human T-lymphotropic Virus type-1' . Le yeyamaqela eentsholongwane ezibizwa ngokuba yi-'Retrovirus'. Uyakhumbula ukuba sithethe nge-'HIV' (HIV) virus njenge-'Retrovirus'? Enye yeempawu ezikhethekileyo zezi 'Retrovirus' kukuba xa zingena kwiiseli zethu, ulwazi lwazo lwemfuza, oko kukuthi, 'izinto zazo zemfuza', lufakwa kwi-'DNA' (DNA) yeeseli zethu. Khawuthelekelele ngokungathi intsholongwane ingene kwikhompyutha.

Zombini intsholongwane ye-'HIV' kunye ne-'HTLV-1' virus zihlasela 'iiseli ze-T' kwinkqubo yethu yokuzikhusela komzimba. Kodwa indlela ezisebenza ngayo yahlukile kakhulu. I-'HIV' itshabalalisa 'iiseli ze-T' kwaye iyenza buthathaka inkqubo yokuzikhusela komzimba. Kodwa i-'HTLV-1' ayizitshabalalisi 'iiseli ze-T' ezinjalo. Enyanisweni, abantu abaninzi abosulelwe yi-'HTLV-1' ababonisi zimpawu. Baphila njengabantu abaphilileyo.

Nangona kunjalo, ipesenti encinci kakhulu yabantu abosulelekileyo iba nezifo ezimbini emva kweminyaka emininzi, mhlawumbi emva kweminyaka engama-30 ukuya kwengama-60. Olunye luhlobo lomhlaza wegazi olubizwa ngokuba yi -Adult T-cell Leukemia/Lymphoma (ATL okanye ATLL). Esinye sisifo senkqubo yemithambo-luvo esibizwa ngokuba yi-HTLV-1- associated Myelopathy/Tropical Spastic Paraparesis (HAM/TSP).

Ngaba zikho ezinye iintlobo ze-'HTLV'?

Ewe, kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeentsholongwane ze-'HTLV' ezisulela abantu. Umzekelo, kukho i-'HTLV-1`, `HTLV-2`, `HTLV-3` kunye ne-'HTLV-4`. Zonke ezi zibangela usulelo lobomi bonke. Nangona kunjalo, ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, yi-'HTLV-1` kuphela ebangela izifo ezithile.

Ixhaphake kangakanani le `HTLV-1`? Ingaba ikhona eSri Lanka?

Intsholongwane ethi `HTLV` ifumaneka kwiindawo ezininzi zehlabathi. Iingcali ziqikelela ukuba phakathi kwezigidi ezi-5 ukuya kwezingama-20 zabantu kwihlabathi liphela bosulelwe yi-`HTLV-1`. Nangona kunjalo, izinga losulelo lahluka kakhulu phakathi kwamazwe kunye nemimandla.

Umzekelo, eMntla Melika, ngaphantsi kwe-1% yabantu banayo le ntsholongwane. Nangona kunjalo, kwiindawo ezithile zaseJapan, eAfrika, eMzantsi Melika, eOstreliya, eIran, nakwezinye iindawo zaseCaribbean, kubikwa ukuba ngaphezulu kwesithathu sabantu banale ntsholongwane. Kunzima ukufumana idatha ecacileyo malunga nemeko yaseSri Lanka, kodwa kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ezo ntsholongwane.

Zithini iimpawu zoku? Ingaba kwenzeka kuye wonke umntu?

Njengoko bekutshiwo ngaphambili,Uninzi lwabantu abosulelwe yi-HTLV-1 alubonisi zimpawu. Abazi nokuba banayo intsholongwane. Iimpawu zibonakala kuphela emva kweminyaka emininzi yosulelo, xa iimeko ezikhankanyiweyo ngaphambili, ezifana ne-ATL okanye i-HAM/TSP, ziqala.

Iimpawu ze-`ATL` (i-Adult T-cell Leukemia/Lymphoma) zingabandakanya:

• Ukudinwa ngalo lonke ixesha (`Ukudinwa`)
• Ukurhawuzelela kwesikhumba, iimeko ezifana ne-eczema
• Ii-lymph nodes ezivuvukileyo – ezifana nentamo, emakhwapheni, nasemqolo
• Ukuqhinwa
• Ukulahlekelwa yinkumbulo, ukudideka
• Intlungu yethambo

Iimpawu ze-`HAM/TSP` (i-HTLV-1-associated myopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis) zingabandakanya:

• Ubuthathaka okanye ukuqina okwanda kancinci kancinci kwimilenze enye okanye yomibini
• Umqolo obuhlungu
• Ukungakwazi ukuzibamba komchamo
• Ukungaziva mnandi emilenzeni, imvakalelo yokurhawuzelela (i-peripheral neuropathy)

Zeziphi ezinye izifo ezinokubangelwa yi-`HTLV-1`?

Malunga nomntu omnye kwabangama-20 (malunga ne-5%) osulelwe yintsholongwane ye-HTLV-1 uba neemeko ezibizwa ngokuba yi-ATL (umhlaza) okanye i-HAM/TSP (isifo semithambo-luvo).

• I-'ATL' luhlobo lomhlaza oluvela egazini . Ikwanazo nezinye iintlobo ezahlukeneyo (ezifana ne-'acute', 'lymphoma', 'smoldering', 'chronic'). Unyango kunye noqikelelo lohlobo ngalunye lunokwahluka kancinci.
• I-`HAM/TSP` sisifo esichaphazela inkqubo yemithambo-luvo. Sifana nesifo i-`Multiple Sclerosis` (`MS`). Sibangela ubuthathaka bemisipha kunye neengxaki eziqhubekayo kwinkqubo yemithambo-luvo.

Ukongeza kwezi zifo zimbini ziphambili, abaphandi bafumanise ukuba i-HTLV-1 inokubangela nezinye izifo ezibangelwa kukudumba kunye nezifo ezihlasela umzimba . Nangona kunjalo, ubudlelwane obuchanekileyo phakathi kwazo abukacaci. Ezinye zezi zifo ziquka:

• I-Dermatitis
• Isifo samathambo
• Ukudumba kwamalungu angaphakathi elisweni (`Uveitis`)
• Isifo sikaSjögren

Zivela njani izifo ezinxulumene ne-HTLV-1? Kutheni abantu bengafumani zona?

Xa intsholongwane ethi `HTLV-1` ingena emizimbeni yethu, iya ngqo kwiiseli ze-`CD4` (ezaziwa ngokuba zii-`helper T-cells`) kwinkqubo yethu yokuzikhusela komzimba. Ezi seli ze-`CD4` zifana namapolisa emizimbeni yethu, uhlobo lweseli olusincedayo ekukhuselekeni kwizifo.

Ngoku, ii-retrovirus ezifana ne-HTLV-1 zithwala ulwazi lwazo lwemfuza kwimolekyuli ebizwa ngokuba yi-RNA. Xa zingena kwiiseli zethu, intsholongwane ngobuchule iguqula i-RNA yayo ibe yinto efana ne-DNA equlethe ulwazi lweeseli zethu. Emva koko, iqhekeza le-DNA (elibizwa ngokuba yi-provirus) eliyenzileyo lizifaka kwi-DNA yeeseli zethu. Ngamanye amazwi, intsholongwane ifaka iqhekeza layo kwisoftware elawula iiseli zethu.

Ngoku iiseli zethu, zicinga ukuba iqhekeza le-'DNA' yentsholongwane liyinxalenye yazo, ziqala ukwenza iikopi ezingaphezulu zentsholongwane. Ezi kopi zentsholongwane ze-'HTLV' ezisandula ukuveliswa ziyahamba ziye kosulela ezinye iiseli ze-'CD4' ezininzi. Nangona intsholongwane isasazeka emzimbeni ngale ndlela, ayisoloko ibangela zimpawu.

Nangona kunjalo, kwabanye abantu, emva kweminyaka emininzi, olu sulelo lubangela ukuba imizimba yabo ivelise 'iiseli ze-T' ezininzi kakhulu. Kulapho ke kuvela imeko ebizwa ngokuba yi-'ATL' leukemia. Kwezinye iimeko, le ntsholongwane inokosulela inkqubo yemithambo-luvo kwaye ibangele imeko ebizwa ngokuba yi-'HAM/TSP'. Isizathu sokuba oku kwenzeke kwabanye abantu sisaphandwa.

Idluliselwa njani le ntsholongwane ethi `HTLV-1` ukusuka komnye umntu ukuya komnye?

Kukho iindlela ezininzi eziphambili apho intsholongwane ethi `HTLV-1` inokudluliselwa khona. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuzazi ezi:

• Ngokwabelana ngesondo: ngesondo elingakhuselekanga lelungu lobufazi, isondo lomlomo okanye isondo lomlomo.
• Ukusuka kumama ukuya kumntwana ngokuncancisa: Xa umama onentsholongwane encancisa umntwana wakhe.
• Ngokwabelana ngeenaliti: Ingakumbi phakathi kwabantu abafaka iziyobisi.
• Amaxesha amaninzi: Ngokutofelwa igazi okanye ukufakelwa amalungu omzimba. Nangona kunjalo, kumazwe amaninzi, igazi kunye neminikelo yamalungu ngoku iyahlolwa intsholongwane, ngoko ke ukudluliselwa kwezi ndlela kunqabile.

Ngubani osengozini enkulu yokuhlaselwa yi-'HTLV-1'?

Kukho izinto ezininzi ezonyusa umngcipheko wosulelo lwe-HTLV-1:

• Ukujova amayeza ngaphandle kwemvume kagqirha.
• Ukuzalelwa okanye ukuhlala kwindawo apho intsholongwane ethi `HTLV` ixhaphake khona.

Ezinye iindawo ezinezinga eliphezulu losulelo lwe-HTLV-1 ziquka:

• eMzantsi-ntshona weJapan
• Amazwe aseAfrika asemazantsi entlango yeSahara (`i-Sub-Saharan Africa`)
• Ezinye iindawo zaseMzantsi Melika
• Iziqithi zaseCaribbean
• Emantla e-Iran
• E-Ostreliya Ephakathi

Kubalulekile: Kwanakwilizwe elinye, izinga losulelo alifani kuzo zonke iindawo. Ezinye iindawo ezincinci zinokuba nezinga eliphezulu losulelo, nokuba izinga lilonke liphantsi.

Ziziphi iingxaki ezinokubakho zosulelo lwe-HTLV-1?

Intsholongwane ethi `HTLV-1` iyodwa ayiyenzi buthathaka inkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba `ATL` (umhlaza) okanye `HAM/TSP` (isifo semithambo-luvo) iyavela, inkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela inokuba buthathaka.Oku kunokukhokelela kwiintsholongwane ezinobungozi ezingafumaneki rhoqo kubantu abaphilileyo. Ezinye zezi zifo zinokuba yingozi ebomini.

Uyibona njani ngokuchanekileyo intsholongwane ethi `HTLV-1`?

Oogqirha baxilonga usulelo lwe-HTLV-1 ngovavanyo lwegazi. Olu vavanyo lujonga ii-antibodies (ii-antibodies) eziveliswe emzimbeni ngokuchasene ne-HTLV virus, okanye ubukho bezinto zemfuza ze-virus (i-RNA).

Nangona kunjalo, olu ayilovavanyo oluqhelekileyo olufanele wonke umntu. Ugqirha angakuthumela kolu vavanyo kwiimeko ezilandelayo:

• Ukuba unesifo (umz., iimpawu ze-ATL okanye ze-HAM/TSP) ocinga ukuba zinokunxulunyaniswa nosulelo lwe-HTLV-1.
• Ukuba uhlala kwindawo apho usulelo lwe-HTLV luxhaphakileyo kwaye uceba ukuncancisa.
• Ukuba unethemba lokuba ngumnikeli wegazi okanye umnikeli wezitho zomzimba (ngoku olu luvavanyo oluyimfuneko kwiindawo ezininzi).

Ngaba ikhona indlela yonyango lwe-'HTLV-1'? Ngaba inganyangeka?

Inyaniso kukuba, okwangoku akukho nyango lwentsholongwane ethi `HTLV-1`. Oko kukuthi, le ntsholongwane ayinakususwa ngokupheleleyo emzimbeni. Nangona kunjalo, kukho unyango lwezifo ezithi `ATL` kunye ne`HAM/TSP` ezibangelwa yi`HTLV-1`.

Ezi zisetyenziswa njengonyango lwe-'ATL' (umhlaza):

• Amayeza asetyenziswa kwezinye iintlobo ze-lymphoma, umzekelo i-chemotherapy .
• Amayeza okulwa neentsholongwane, afana ne-zidovudine (Retrovir®) kunye ne-interferon alfa. Nangona kunjalo, ayizizo zonke iintlobo ze-ATL ezisabelayo kula mayeza okulwa neentsholongwane.
• Ukufakelwa kweeseli zesiqu. Oku akunakwenzeka kuye wonke umntu one-ATL. Kodwa ukuba kuphumelele, kunokwandisa kakhulu ixesha lokuphila.

Kubantu abane-`HAM/TSP` (isifo semithambo-luvo), olu nyango lulandelayo lusetyenziselwa ukulawula iimpawu kunye nokubonelela ngesiqabu:

• `I-Interferon alfa`.
• Nciphisa ukudumba nge-'Corticosteroids'.
• I-Interferon beta. Oku kunokunceda ukunciphisa ukudumba nokuthintela umonakalo wemithambo-luvo.
• Nciphisa ukuqaqamba kwemisipha kunye nokuqina kwayo ngeBaclofen (Lioresal ®) okanye i-tizanidine.
• I-Oxybutynin yokungakwazi ukuzibamba komchamo.

Kuza kwenzeka ntoni ukuba ndine-`HTLV-1`? Ngaba kufuneka ndikhathazeke?

Le yeyona nto ibalulekileyo. Ayinguye wonke umntu onentsholongwane yeHTLV-1 oza kuba ne-ATL okanye iHAM/TSP. Enyanisweni, uninzi lwabo bosulelekileyo lunokuphila ubomi obuqhelekileyo ngaphandle kokufumana ezi zifo zinzima.

Nangona kunjalo, ukuba uhlakulela ezi meko, imbonakalo ixhomekeke kuhlobo onalo. Abantu abaneentlobo ze-ATL eziqhumayo okanye ezingapheliyo banokuba neziphumo ezingcono kunezo zinezinye iintlobo. Nangona i-HAM/TSP idla ngokuba mandundu ngokuhamba kwexesha, ungaphila amashumi eminyaka emva kokuba uxilongiwe.

Ndingazikhusela njani kule ntsholongwane ethi `HTLV-1`? Ngaba zikho iindlela zokuyithintela?

Ewe, zikho izinto esinokuzenza ukuthintela ukusasazeka kwentsholongwane ethi `HTLV-1`.

• Ukuvavanya igazi kunye namalungu omzimba anikelweyo ukuze kubonwe ukuba awanalo na i-HTLV-1 kunokunceda ekuthinteleni ukusasazeka kwale ntsholongwane.
• Ungenza ezi zinto ukunciphisa umngcipheko wakho:
• Kuphephe ukujova iziyobisi ngaphandle kwemvume kagqirha.
• Kuphephe ukusebenzisa kwakhona iinaliti ezifanayo zokujova okanye ukwabelana ngazo nabanye.
• Kuphephe ukwabelana ngesondo ngendlela engakhuselekanga. Sebenzisa ikhondom yelatex ngalo lonke uhlobo lokwabelana ngesondo (ngokwesini, ngokwempundu, okanye ngomlomo).
• Ukuba uvavanyiwe ukuba une-HTLV-1, kuphephe ukuncancisa nokunikela ngegazi. Ukuba une-HTLV-1 kwaye ufuna ukuncancisa, cela ingcebiso kugqirha onamava kwi-HTLV-1. Ukugalela ubisi lwebele uze ulukhenkceze, uze ulunyibilikise, kunokunciphisa umngcipheko wokudlulisela intsholongwane kumntwana wakho, kodwa kubalulekile ukufuna ingcebiso kagqirha ngaphambi kokuba wenze njalo.

Ithetha ukuthini into yokuba `i-HTLV` ilungile?

Ukuba ne-'HTLV` kuthetha ukuba une-'HTLV-1` okanye olunye uhlobo lwe-'HTLV` emzimbeni wakho. Oko akuthethi ukuba ngokuqinisekileyo uza kuba ne-'ATL` okanye 'HAM/TSP`. Ukuba une-'HTLV-1`, kukho amanyathelo okhuseleko onokuwathatha ukuze uphephe ukusasaza intsholongwane kwabanye (njengokungancancisi, ukuphepha ukulala ngesondo ungakhuselekanga).

Iyingozi kangakanani le `HTLV`?

Intsholongwane ethi `HTLV`, xa isetyenziswa yodwa, ayisoloko iyingozi kwaye ayibangeli zimpawu. Nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukuyiqonda, njengoko i-`HTLV-1` ngamanye amaxesha inokubangela umhlaza, izifo zemithambo-luvo, okanye iimeko zokudumba.

Ndifanele ndimbone nini ugqirha?

Ukuba unemibuzo malunga nokuvavanywa kwe-HTLV-1, okanye ukuba une-HTLV-1 kwaye ufuna ukwazi ukuba zeziphi izilumkiso ekufuneka uzithathe, qiniseka ukuba uthetha nogqirha. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqaphela oku ukuba uhlala kwindawo apho i-HTLV-1 ixhaphake khona.

Okokugqibela, izinto ekufuneka uzikhumbule

Kulungile, ngoko ke sithethe kakhulu nge-'HTLV-1,' akunjalo? Khumbula, nangona le yintsholongwane efumaneka kwihlabathi liphela, ayiqhelekanga kwiindawo ezininzi. Lipesenti elincinci kakhulu labo basulelekileyo abafumana izifo ezinzulu.

Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba, ungakhathazeki malunga nokuvavanywa ukuba une-HTLV-1.Uninzi lwabantu lunokuphila ubomi obusempilweni ngaphandle kweempawu. Nangona kunjalo, ukwazi le ntsholongwane, indlela esasazeka ngayo, kunye nendlela yokuyithintela kunokukunceda ukhusele wena kunye nabo bakungqongileyo.

Ukuba unemibuzo engaphezulu malunga noku, ungathandabuzi ukubuza ugqirha wosapho lwakho okanye ugqirha onolwazi ngale nto. Hlala usempilweni!

HTLV -1, iRetrovirus, iATL, iHAM/TSP, umhlaza, isifo semithambo-luvo, usulelo lwentsholongwane