Ngaba umntwana wakho uyakhala kusasa esithi, "Mama, umlenze wam ubuhlungu"? Ngaba wakha waziva ngathi uqhwalela kancinci ngelixa uhamba? Okanye ngaba ukhe waphawula ilungu elifana nedolo lakho lidumba ngequbuliso? Abazali abaninzi bacinga ukuba ezi ziingxwelerha ezincinci kunye nokukrweleka okufunyanwa ngabantwana babo xa bedlala. Kodwa ukuba ezi mpawu ziyaqhubeka, isenokuba yinto ekufuneka ixhalatyelwe ngakumbi. Namhlanje sithetha ngohlobo lwe-arthritis oluchaphazela abantwana. Ewe, uvile kakuhle, i-arthritis ayisosifo esichaphazela abantu abadala kuphela.
Yintoni isifo samathambo solutsha (iJIA)?
Ngamafutshane, uhlobo oluqhelekileyo lwe-arthritis ebantwaneni yi -Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis . Sikwayibiza ngokuba yi-JIA . Igama elithi "Juvenile" apha lithetha ukuba lenzeka ebuntwaneni. Igama elithi "Arthritis" lithetha ukudumba kwamalungu, nto leyo ethetha imeko ebangela ukudumba kunye nentlungu kumalungu. Igama elithi "idiopathic" lithetha ukuba isizathu esichanekileyo asaziwa .
Esi sisifo esibangelwa kukuzikhusela komzimba . Oko kukuthi, inkqubo yokuzikhusela yomzimba wethu, amajoni asikhusela kwizifo, ahlasela ngempazamo iiseli zethu ezilungileyo. Kwi-JIA, le nkqubo yokuzikhusela ihlasela amalungu omntwana.
Khawuthelekelele, ngaphakathi kwamalungu ethu kukho i-membrane ethi "synovium" kunye ne-fluid ethi "synovial fluid" eyinceda isebenze kakuhle. Xa loo nkqubo yokuzikhusela engasebenzi kakuhle ihlasela le membrane ethi "synovium", iyadumba ize iqalise ukuvelisa ulwelo ngokungeyomfuneko. Yiyo loo nto amalungu edumba, ebuhlungu, kwaye evakala eqine kusasa.
Ukuba oku kuqubuka kuyaqhubeka, kunokonakalisa i-cartilage kunye nethambo elijikeleze ilungu. Ngamanye amaxesha esi siphumo sinokuchaphazela namehlo. Ke ngoko , kubaluleke kakhulu ukufumanisa i-JIA ngokuchanekileyo kunye nokubonelela ngonyango olufanelekileyo. Ukwenza njalo kuya kunciphisa impembelelo ekukhuleni komntwana kwaye kuncede aphile ubomi obuqhelekileyo.
Ziziphi iintlobo eziphambili ze-JIA?
I-JIA ayichaphazeli bonke abantwana ngendlela efanayo. Kukho iintlobo ezininzi eziphambili, kuxhomekeke kwiimpawu kunye nenani lamalungu achaphazelekileyo. Makhe sijonge ukuba zeziphi.
| Uhlobo lweJIA | Ingcaciso elula |
|---|---|
| I-JIA ye-Oligoarticular | Olu lolona hlobo luxhaphakileyo. Luchaphazela amalungu angaphantsi kwamahlanu. Ludla ngokuchaphazela amalungu amakhulu afana namadolo, amaqatha, kunye neengqiniba. Abanye abantwana banokuba nokuvuvukala kwamehlo (uveitis) . Oku kunzima ukukufumanisa ngaphandle kokuhlolwa kwamehlo. Kuxhaphake kakhulu kumantombazana. |
| I-Polyarticular JIA | Ichaphazela amalungu amahlanu nangaphezulu. Amaxesha amaninzi, amalungu afanayo kumacala omabini omzimba (umzekelo, amadolo omabini) ayachaphazeleka. Ingachaphazela namalungu amancinci ezandla neenyawo, entanyeni, nasemhlathini. |
| I-JIA ye-Psoriatic | Aba bantwana banesifo solusu esibizwa ngokuba yi-psoriasis kunye ne-arthritis. Oku kuthetha ukuba ulusu luba bomvu kwaye lube namaxolo , kwaye kukho izilonda ezibonakala ngathi yi-coral. Kusenokwenzeka ukuba umntwana akanayo i-psoriasis, kodwa ukuba kukho umntu kusapho onayo, ukuba umnwe uvuvukile, okanye ukuba kukho utshintsho kwizinzipho, isenokuba lolu hlobo. |
| I-Spondyloarthritis yabantwana | Ichaphazela kakhulu umqolo, amanqe, kunye nemisipha apho idibana khona namathambo. Amehlo anokuba bomvu kwaye abe buhlungu. Ixhaphake kakhulu kubafana abaneminyaka engaphezulu kwesi-7 ubudala. |
| I-JIA ecwangcisiweyo | Oku kwahlukile kancinci. Kuchaphazela umzimba wonke, kungekuphela nje amalungu. Iimpawu eziphambili kumkhuhlane ongapheliyo kunye nokurhawuzelela okupinki okubonakala emzimbeni (ingakumbi esifubeni, ezingalweni nasemilenzeni) xa umkhuhlane uqala. Kunokuchaphazela nezitho zangaphakathi ezifana nentliziyo, isibindi, ipleyini kunye ne-lymph nodes. |
Ziziphi iimpawu eziqhelekileyo ze-JIA?
Jonga ukuba umntwana wakho unenye okanye ngaphezulu kwezi mpawu. Ukuba ziyaqhubeka kangangeeveki eziliqela, kulungile ukubona ugqirha.
- Intlungu yamalungu, ukudumba, okanye ukufudumala xa uwachukumisa.
- Ukuva amalungu aqinileyo, ingakumbi xa uvuka kusasa (ukuqina kwasekuseni). Oku kungaba sisizathu sokuba umntwana angafuni ukuphuma ebhedini aze angafuni ukuhamba.
- Ukuhamba uqhwalela ngaphandle kwesizathu.
- Umkhuhlane oqhelekileyo ongenasizathu sicacileyo.
- Ukuqhambuka kwesikhumba.
- Ii-lymph nodes ezivuvukileyo (amaqhuqhuva amancinci entanyeni, emakhwapheni, njl.njl.)
- Amehlo abomvu, iintlungu zamehlo, kunye nokungaboni kakuhle.
- Ukuhlala uziva udiniwe kwaye ucaphukile.
- Ukwehla kobunzima okanye ukungaphumeleli ukukhula ngokufanelekileyo ngokweminyaka.
Khumbula, ayizizo zonke iintlungu zamalungu ezibangelwa yi-JIA. Kodwa ukuba ezi mpawu ziyaqhubeka, ungazityesheli. Kubalulekile ukufuna ingcebiso kagqirha ukuze ufumane uxilongo olufanelekileyo.
Ifunyaniswa njani i-JIA?
Akukho vavanyo lwegazi olunye olunokwenziwa ukuze kufunyaniswe i-JIA. Ugqirha wakho uya kususa ezinye iimeko aze akwenze uxilongo ngokusekelwe kwiimpawu zakho. Oku kudla ngokubandakanya:
1. Ukuthatha imbali epheleleyo yezonyango: Ugqirha uza kukubuza iinkcukacha ezininzi wena nomntwana wakho, njengokuthi iimpawu ziqale njani kwaye zingakanani ixesha ezikhona.
2. Uvavanyo lomzimba: Amalungu omntwana ngamnye ahlolwa ngononophelo ukuze afumane ukudumba, iintlungu, kunye nobunzima bokushukuma.
3. Uvavanyo lwegazi: Nangona lungenakuqinisekisa i-JIA, uvavanyo lwegazi lunokunceda ukulinganisa ukudumba emzimbeni, ukujonga ezinye izifo, kunye nokunika umbono wohlobo lwe-JIA.
4. Uvavanyo lwemifanekiso: Uvavanyo olufana ne-`(X-rays)`, `(Ultrasound)` okanye `(MRI)` lunokwenziwa ukuze kubonwe umonakalo owenzeka kumalungu.
5. Uvavanyo lwamehlo: Wonke umntwana one-JIA kufuneka ahlolwe amehlo akhe ngugqirha wamehlo, njengoko imeko ebizwa ngokuba yi-"Uveitis" inokwenzeka ngaphandle kweempawu ekuqaleni.
Ziziphi iindlela zonyango ze-JIA?
Kukho iinjongo eziphambili ezininzi ekunyangeni i-JIA. Ezi kukunciphisa iintlungu nokudumba, ukunqanda umonakalo wamalungu, ukugcina ukusebenza kwamalungu, nokunceda umntwana aqhubeke nokusebenza ngendlela eqhelekileyo. Isicwangciso sonyango ludibaniso lwamayeza kunye nokuzilolonga.
Amayeza asetyenziselwa unyango
| Uhlobo lweziyobisi | Ukusebenza kakuhle |
|---|---|
| Amayeza Achasene Nokuvuvukala Angengowe-steroidal (ii-NSAID) | Ezi zinceda ekunciphiseni iintlungu nokudumba, kodwa azinyangi esi sifo, zilawula kuphela iimpawu. |
| Ii-Corticosteroids | La ngamayeza anamandla alawula ukudumba. Angafakwa ngqo kwilungu elichaphazelekileyo. Ngamanye amaxesha anikwa njengeepilisi. |
| Amayeza Alwa Nesifo Esitshintsha Izifo (ii-DMARD) | La mayeza asebenza ngokulawula inkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela engasebenzi kakuhle. Anceda ekuthinteleni isifo ukuba singaqhubeki kwaye sonakalise amalungu. |
| Iiarhente zokuguqula izinto eziphilayo | La mayeza aluhlobo olutsha. Asebenza ngokujolisa kwiiproteni ezithile eziveliswa emzimbeni ezibangela ukudumba nokuzithintela ekusebenzeni. Asetyenziselwa ukunyanga iimeko ezinzima ekunzima ukuzilawula ngamanye amayeza. |
Ukuzilolonga kunye neFiziotherapy
Njengamayeza, ukuzilolonga kubaluleke kakhulu ekulawuleni i-JIA.
- Unyango Lomzimba: Lunceda ukugcina amalungu eshukuma, luqinise izihlunu, kwaye lunciphise iintlungu.
- Unyango Lomsebenzi: Lunceda umntwana ukuba enze imisebenzi yemihla ngemihla (njengomsebenzi wesikolo, ukunxiba) ngokulula.
- Ukuzilolonga: Ukuzilolonga akwenzi ukuba isifo samathambo sibe sibi kakhulu. Enyanisweni, izihlunu ezomeleleyo zibonelela ngenkxaso elungileyo kumalungu. Ukuzilolonga okufana nokudada kulungile kuba kuthambile kumalungu.
Ingcebiso yomntwana kunye nabazali abaphila ne-JIA
Njengomzali, kuyinto eqhelekileyo ukuziva ulusizi, ukhathazekile, mhlawumbi unomsindo ngale nto. Kodwa khumbula, ngonyango olufanelekileyo kunye nolawulo olufanelekileyo, umntwana one-JIA angaphila ubomi obuqhelekileyo nobusebenzayo.
- Vumela umntwana wakho abe ngumntu oqhelekileyo: mthumele esikolweni, adlale nabahlobo, aze athathe inxaxheba kwimidlalo. Musa ukumkhusela ngokugqithisileyo aze umhlukanise.
- Yazisa isikolo: Kubalulekile ukwazisa ootitshala ngemeko yomntwana wakho. Umntwana wakho usenokufuna indawo yokuhlala eklasini (umz., ixesha elongezelelweyo lokubhala iingxaki).
- Ukutya okulungileyo:Akukho kutya kuthile kwe-JIA. Ngoko ke, nika umntwana wakho ukutya okunesondlo nokulinganayo.
- Sebenza ngokusondeleyo nogqirha wakho: Thetha ngokukhululekileyo nogqirha malunga nemeko yomntwana wakho, iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zamayeza, kunye nayo nayiphi na imibuzo onayo.
Ukuxilongwa kwe-JIA kufana nokungqubana kwesantya endleleni. Nangona kusenokuba yinto engaqhelekanga ekuqaleni, ngesicwangciso sonyango esifanelekileyo , umntwana wakho unokubuyela endleleni aze aqhubeke phambili.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- I-JIA lolona hlobo luqhelekileyo lwe-arthritis ebantwaneni. Ayisiyo "isifo sabantu abadala" nje kuphela.
- Ukudumba kwamalungu okungachazwanga, iintlungu, kwaye ingakumbi ukuqina kwamalungu kusasa kunokuba ziimpawu eziphambili.
- Ukuba uneempawu ezinje kangangeeveki ezingaphezu kwezi-6, qiniseka ukuba ubonana nogqirha.
- Okukhona isifo sifunyanwa ngokukhawuleza kwaye unyango luqala, kokukhona umonakalo onokwenzeka kwixesha elide kumalungu unokuthintelwa.
- Ngonyango olufanelekileyo nolawulo, abantwana abane-JIA banokuphila ubomi obusebenzayo nobunempumelelo.
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