Ngaba une -high blood pressure , okanye " uxinzelelo " njengoko sonke sisazi? Mhlawumbi uthatha amayeza elinye, amabini, okanye nangaphezulu achazwe ngugqirha wakho. Kodwa ngaba ukufumanisa kunzima ukulawula uxinzelelo lwakho lwegazi nasemva kokuba uthabathe amayeza amaninzi kangaka? Ukuba kunjalo, isizathu soku sisenokungabi yinto eqhele ukucingwa ngumntu wonke. Namhlanje siza kuthetha ngemeko ekhethekileyo yezonyango enokubangela uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu olungalawulwa lula ngamayeza. Yiyo loo nto i-Hyperaldosteronism. Nangona eli gama liyinkimbinkimbi kancinci, masiliqonde ngokulula.
Yintoni iHyperaldosteronism?
Ngamafutshane, i-Hyperaldosteronism kukuveliswa kwehomoni eninzi kakhulu ethi "Aldosterone" yi -adrenal glands emizimbeni yethu.
Ngoku mhlawumbi ucinga ukuba, ziintoni ezi glands ze-adrenal? Yintoni le hormone ye-aldosterone?
Khawucinge nje, ngaphezulu kwezintso ezimbini emzimbeni wethu, kukho amadlala amabini amancinci, afana neentloko ezimbini ezincinci. Yiloo nto siyibiza ngokuba ngamadlala e-adrenal. La macandelo abaluleke kakhulu kwinkqubo yethu ye-endocrine . La madlala mabini amancinci enza iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeehomoni ezibalulekileyo kwimisebenzi yemihla ngemihla yomzimba wethu.
Ihomoni ekhethekileyo eveliswa zezi glands ibizwa ngokuba yi -aldosterone . Umsebenzi ophambili wale homoni kukulawula uxinzelelo lwegazi . Ikwenza oku ngokulawula amanqanaba esodium kunye nepotassium egazini lethu. Le homoni isebenza emizimbeni yethu njengepolisa lendlela elilawula iimoto endleleni.
Ngoko ke, kwimeko yeHyperaldosteronism, okwenzekayo kukuba le aldosterone hormone iveliswa ngokugqithisileyo. Emva koko ubungakanani besodium emzimbeni wethu buyanda kwaye ubungakanani bepotassium buyehla. Isiphumo soku kukuba uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu (iHypertension) kunye namanqanaba aphantsi epotassium egazini (iHypokalemia) .
Kukho iintlobo ezimbini eziphambili zale nto.
Oogqirha bahlula le meko ibe ziintlobo ezimbini eziphambili, kuxhomekeke kwisizathu.
1. I-Hyperaldosteronism ephambili:Oku kukwabizwa ngokuba yi-"Conn's syndrome." Oku kubangelwa yingxaki kwi-adrenal glands ngokwazo, nto leyo ebangela ukuba zivelise i-aldosterone eninzi kakhulu. Unobangela ukwi-gland ngokwayo.
2. I-Secondary Hyperaldosteronism: Apha akukho ngxaki ngee-adrenal glands. Kodwa ngenxa yengxaki kwenye indawo emzimbeni, ii-adrenal glands ziyavuselelwa xa zisabela kwaye zivelisa i-aldosterone engakumbi.
Ngubani ochaphazeleka kakhulu yile meko?
Le meko idla ngokuchaphazela abantu abaphakathi kweminyaka engama-30 ukuya kwengama-50 ubudala. Uphando lukwabonise ukuba le meko ixhaphake kancinci kubasetyhini kunakumadoda.
Ezinye izifundo zibonisa ukuba phakathi kwe-5% kunye ne-10% yabantu abanoxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu banokuba ne-primary hyperaldosteronism. Iingcali zikholelwa ukuba abantu abafikelela kwi-25% abanoxinzelelo lwegazi olunganyangekiyo ngamayeza banokuba nale meko.
Zithini iimpawu zoku?
Ngamanye amaxesha, ukuba imeko incinci kakhulu, kusenokungabikho zimpawu konke konke. Nangona kunjalo, abantu abaninzi baba neempawu.
Uphawu oluphambili noluqhelekileyo olubonakala kule meko luxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu (iHypertension) , ingakumbi uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu olunzima ukululawula nokuba kusetyenziswe amayeza aliqela.
Ezinye iimpawu zibangelwa zizinto ezimbini: uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu kunye namanqanaba aphantsi e-potassium egazini (i-Hypokalemia). Masizahlule ngokucacileyo ezi mpawu.
| Isizathu | Iimpawu ezinokwenzeka |
|---|---|
| Iimpawu zoxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu |
|
| Iimpawu zePotassium ephantsi egazini |
|
Khumbula, ayinguye wonke umntu onazo zonke ezi mpawu. Abanye abantu basenokuba nenye okanye ezimbini kuphela.
Kutheni le meko ye-Hyperaldosteronism isenzeka?
Njengoko besitshilo ngaphambili, izizathu zoku zahluka ngokweentlobo ezimbini eziphambili.
Izizathu ze-Hyperaldosteronism ephambili
Ingxaki apha ikwi-adrenal gland ngokwayo.
- Eyona nto ixhaphakileyo: Oku kubangelwa yi-tumor engeyomhlaza (i-adrenal adenoma) ekhula kwi-adrenal gland. Lo asingomhlaza, ngoko ke akukho nto ixhalabisayo. Lo mhlaza uvelisa i-hormone aldosterone eninzi kakhulu.
- Ezinye izizathu ezingaqhelekanga:
- Ukwanda kwe-adrenal gland enye kuphela (i-unilateral adrenal hyperplasia).
- Ukuveliswa kwe-aldosterone yi-tumor enomhlaza (i-adrenocortical carcinoma) (oku kunqabile kakhulu).
- Imeko yemfuza edluliselwa kwizizukulwana ngezizukulwana (iFamilial hyperaldosteronism).
Izizathu ze-Hyperaldosteronism yesibini
Apha amadlala e-adrenal asempilweni. Kodwa akhuthazwa ngesinye isizathu. Isizathu esiphambili kukuncipha kokunikezelwa kwegazi ezintso .
Ukuze sikuqonde oku, kufuneka sazi kancinci ngenkqubo enomdla kakhulu emzimbeni wethu elawula uxinzelelo lwegazi. Ibizwa ngokuba yiRenin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System .
Cinga ngale nto njengempendulo yetsheyini:
1. Xa uxinzelelo lwethu lwegazi lusehla okanye xa i-sodium egazini lethu yehla, izintso zethu ziyayiva loo nto.
2. Emva koko izintso zikhupha i-enzyme ebizwa ngokuba yi-"Renin" egazini.
3. Le renin iguqula iproteni ebizwa ngokuba yi "Angiotensinogen" eveliswa sisibindi ibe yi "Angiotensin I".
4. Okulandelayo, le angiotensin I iba yi-“Angiotensin II”.
5. Ekugqibeleni, yile angiotensin II eyonyusa uxinzelelo lwegazi ngokunciphisa imithambo yegazi nokukhuthaza amadlala e-adrenal ukuba avelise i-aldosterone.
Ngoku, kwi-secondary hyperaldosteronism, okwenzekayo kukuba ngenxa yemeko ethile yempilo, inani legazi eliya kwizintso liyehla. Emva koko izintso zicinga ngempazamo ukuba uxinzelelo emzimbeni luphantsi. Ngoko ke, izintso zifuna uncedo kwaye loo chain reaction iqala. Ngenxa yoko, zivelisa i-hormone aldosterone engaphezulu, xa kungekho mfuneko yoko.
Iimeko ezinciphisa ukunikezelwa kwegazi kwizintso kwaye zibangele i-hyperaldosteronism yesibini:
- Isifo semithambo yezintso esithintelayo.
- Iimeko ezibangela ukuba ulwelo luqokelele emzimbeni, njengokungasebenzi kakuhle kwentliziyo.
- Isifo sokuqaqamba kwesibindi.
- Isifo sezintso, isifo se-Nephrotic syndrome.
Ugqirha uyixilonga njani le meko?
Xa uxelela ugqirha wakho ngeempawu zakho, ingakumbi uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu olungalawulwa ngamayeza, usenokuyikrokrela le meko. Emva koko, banokuyalela iimvavanyo ezininzi ukuqinisekisa oku.
1. Uvavanyo lwegazi:
- Ukuba iphaneli yegazi ye-electrolyte eqhelekileyo ibonisa amanqanaba aphezulu e-sodium (Hypernatremia) kunye namanqanaba aphantsi e-potassium (Hypokalemia) , ukurhanelwa kuyakhula.
- Okulandelayo, kukho iimvavanyo ezimbini zegazi ezithile ezinokusetyenziselwa ukufumanisa le meko: iPlasma Renin Concentration (PRC) okanye iPlasma Renin Activity (PRA) .
- Ukuba une -Primary Hyperaldosteronism, amanqanaba akho e-renin (i-PRC kunye ne-PRA) aya kuba phantsi kunesiqhelo.
- Ukuba une-hyperaldosteronism yesibini , amanqanaba akho e-renin aya kuba phezulu kunesiqhelo.
2. Uvavanyo lokuNciphisa i-Aldosterone:
- Olu vavanyo lubandakanya ukukunika i-sodium eyongezelelweyo (ityuwa) ngokuhamba kwexesha. Isenokuba sisicombululo osithatha ngomlomo okanye isicombululo se-saline osifaka emthanjeni.
- Emva koko, umchamo wakho uqokelelwa kwiiyure ezingama-24 kwaye ubungakanani be-aldosterone kuloo mchamo buyalinganiswa.
- Kumntu ophilileyo, ukutya i-sodium eninzi kunciphisa ukuveliswa kwe-aldosterone emzimbeni. Nangona kunjalo, kumntu one-hyperaldosteronism, oku akwenzeki.
3. Uvavanyo lweMifanekiso:
- Ukuba uvavanyo lwegazi luqinisekisa ukuba une-primary hyperaldosteronism, ugqirha wakho uya kuyalela uvavanyo olufana ne -CT scan (i-Computed Tomography scan) ukuze kufunyanwe unobangela. Oku kunokujonga ukuba kukho ithumba kwi-adrenal gland.
Zithini iindlela zonyango zoku?
Unyango luxhomekeke kwisizathu sengxaki. Nangona kunjalo, injongo ephambili kukulawula uxinzelelo lwakho lwegazi.
- Kwi-hyperaldosteronism ephambili ebangelwa sisimila:
Amaxesha amaninzi, oogqirha bacebisa ukuba kususwe ithumba ngotyando kunye nedlala elihambelana nalo.Uxinzelelo lwegazi lwabantu abaninzi kunye namanqanaba e-potassium abuyela kwisiqhelo emva kolu tyando. Nangona kunjalo, abanye abantu banokuqhubeka nokuba noxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu emva kotyando, kwaye kuya kufuneka baqhubeke nokusela amayeza.
- Kwezinye izizathu kunye ne-hyperaldosteronism yesibini:
Kwezi meko, unyango lusetyenziswa ngamayeza . Kwakhona, ukuba yimeko yesibini, kubalulekile ukunyanga isifo esingundoqo (umz. isifo sentliziyo).
Amanye amayeza asetyenziswa kakhulu kule njongo ngala:
- I-Spironolactone (i-Spironolactone – i-Aldactone®)
- I-Eplerenone (Eplerenone – Inspra®)
- I-Amiloride (i-Amiloride – i-Midamor®)
La mayeza, ingakumbi lawo athintela ukusebenza kwe-aldosterone, njengeSpironolactone, anokubangela ezinye iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga kumadoda xa esetyenziswa ixesha elide. Umzekelo, ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwe-erectile kunye nokukhula kwamabele (gynecomastia). Ukuba ufumana naziphi na kwezi mpawu, ungathandabuzi ukuthetha nogqirha wakho ngazo.
Kuza kwenzeka ntoni emva konyango? Kwaye zithini iingxaki ezinokubakho?
Ingqikelelo yesi simo, oko kukuthi, imeko yexesha elizayo, ixhomekeke kwisizathu.
I-hyperaldosteronism yokuqala idla ngokunyanyekelwa kakuhle ukuba ifunyaniswe kwangethuba kwaye inyangwa ngokufanelekileyo . Kwi-hyperaldosteronism yesibini, isiphumo sixhomekeke ekubeni imeko engundoqo ingalawulwa na.
Iingxaki eziphambili ezinokubakho kule meko zibangelwa kukungalawuleki koxinzelelo lwegazi ixesha elide. Ezi ziingxaki ezinkulu ezinxulumene nenkqubo yentliziyo.
| Iingxaki eziphambili ezinokubakho |
|---|
| I-Atrial fibrillation (ukubetha kwentliziyo okungaqhelekanga) |
| I-hypertrophy ye-ventricular yasekhohlo (ukwanda kwe-ventricle yasekhohlo yentliziyo) |
| Ukuhlaselwa yintliziyo |
| Istroke |
Ngoko ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukulawula uxinzelelo lwegazi ngokufanelekileyo.
Ngaba le meko ingathintelwa?
Kwiimeko ezininzi, akukho nto sinokuyenza ukuthintela le meko ukuba ingenzeki. Kuba ibangelwa lutshintsho olwenzeka ngaphakathi emzimbeni wethu. Kodwa eyona nto ilungileyo kukuba xa sele ifunyenwe, inokunyangeka kwaye iingxaki zinokuthintelwa.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Ukuba unengxaki yokulawula uxinzelelo lwakho lwegazi nangona usebenzisa amayeza aliqela, qiniseka ukuba uxelela ugqirha wakho ngayo loo nto.
- I-Hyperaldosteronism yimeko ebangelwa kukuveliswa kakhulu kwehomoni i-aldosterone.
- Oku kungaba yingxaki yokuqala (ingxaki yendlala ngokwayo) okanye eyesibini (ngenxa yesinye isifo).
- Le meko ingachongwa ngokuchanekileyo ngovavanyo lwegazi olukhethekileyo kunye neeskeni.
- Ngokuxhomekeke kwisizathu, inokunyangeka ngempumelelo ngotyando okanye ngamayeza.
- Eyona nto ingcono kukuba le yimeko enokunyangeka. Ngoko ke, ukuba unamathandabuzo ngayo le nto, akukabi lixesha lokufuna ingcebiso kugqirha.
I-Hyperaldosteronism, i-aldosterone, ii-adrenal glands, i-Conn's syndrome, uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu, uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu, uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu, uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu, i-potassium, i-sodium, izintso, ii-hormones
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