Ngaba ngamanye amaxesha uziva ngathi kukho into engalunganga emzimbeni wakho, ngathi iihomoni zakho azisekho? Mhlawumbi kungenxa yegland encinci engqondweni yakho. Xa le gland isebenza kakhulu, inokuchaphazela imisebenzi emininzi ebalulekileyo emzimbeni wakho, njengokukhula, imetabolism, kunye nokuzala. Namhlanje sithetha ngegland ye-pituitary esebenza kakhulu, okanye i-hyperpituitarism.
Yintoni i-Pituitary Gland?
Ngamafutshane, i-pituitary gland ifana neziko lolawulo eliyintloko elilawula umsebenzi womzimba wethu. Liyi-gland enobukhulu be-pea ekwisiseko sobuchopho bethu. Liyintloko yenkqubo yethu ye-endocrine. Yiyo loo nto ngamanye amaxesha ibizwa ngokuba yi-"master gland". Ilawula ukusebenza kwezinye ii-gland ezibalulekileyo ezifana ne-thyroid gland, i-adrenal gland, kunye ne-gonadal glands.
Cinga nge-thermostat ekhayeni lethu. Ihlala ijonga ubushushu endlwini kwaye ithumela imiqondiso kwi-heater nakwi-cooler ukuze ihlale ikwinqanaba elifanayo, akunjalo? I-pituitary gland nayo isebenza ngendlela efanayo. Ihlala ijonga ukusebenza komzimba wethu kwaye ithumela imiqondiso kumalungu kunye nama-gland malunga nomsebenzi ekufuneka wenziwe, nini, kwaye ungakanani. Ezi miqondiso zezo sizibiza ngokuba zii-hormones .
I-pituitary gland iqhagamshelwe kwinxalenye yengqondo yethu ebizwa ngokuba yi-hypothalamus. Ingqondo ixelela i-pituitary gland ukuba ikhuphe i-hormone ethile okanye ingayikhuphi.
Zeziphi iihomoni eziphambili eziveliswa yi-pituitary gland?
I-pituitary gland ineenxalenye ezintathu eziphambili. Inxalenye nganye ivelisa iihomoni ezahlukeneyo. Makhe sijonge ukuba ziyintoni na kwaye kwenzeka ntoni kuzo.
| Inxalenye ye-gland | Ihomoni | Umsebenzi ophambili |
|---|---|---|
| Ilobe yangaphambili (Malunga ne-80% yendlala) | Ihomoni ye-Adrenocorticotropic (ACTH) | Ivuselela amadlala e-adrenal, ingakumbi ukuveliswa kwe- cortisol, i-hormone yoxinzelelo, elawula uxinzelelo lwegazi kunye nokuzikhusela komzimba. |
| IHormone yoKhula (GH) | Ilawula ukukhula komzimba (ingakumbi ebantwaneni), imetabolism, kunye nokwakheka komzimba (amafutha, izihlunu). | |
| IHormone Ekhuthaza I-Thyroid (TSH) | Ivuselela i-thyroid gland kwaye inceda ekuveliseni iihomoni ze-thyroid, ezilawula amanqanaba amandla omzimba. | |
| IiGonadotropins (LH kunye neFSH) | Amaqanda kunye namasende akhuthazwa ukuba avelise iihomoni zesini ezifunekayo ekuzaleni. | |
| Iprolactin | Ikhuthaza ukuveliswa kobisi lwebele emva kokubeleka. | |
| I-Lobe Ephakathi | Ihomoni evuselela i-Melanocyte | Ichaphazela umbala wolusu. |
| Ilobe yangasemva | Ihomoni yokulwa nomchamo (ADH) | Ilawula ibhalansi yamanzi kunye ne-electrolyte yomzimba. |
| I-Oxytocin | Ilawula ukufinyela kwesibeleko kunye nokukhululwa kobisi lwebele ngexesha lokubeleka. |
Zeziphi izifo ezenzekayo xa i-pituitary gland isebenza kakhulu?
Xa i-pituitary gland isebenza kakhulu, oko kukuthi, xa ivelisa i-hormone eninzi kakhulu, iimeko ezahlukeneyo zonyango zinokuvela. Isizathu esiphambili soku sisimila esingengomhlaza (esingenobungozi) esikhula kwi-gland. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-pituitary adenoma .
Nazi ezinye zezifo eziphambili ezinokubangela oku:
- I-Cushing's syndrome: Ukuba i-pituitary gland ikhupha i-ACTH eninzi, ii-adrenal glands zivelisa i-cortisol eninzi, enokuphazamisa imetabolism yomzimba kunye nenkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela.
- I-Acromegaly: Imeko eyenzeka xa amanqanaba omzimba e-growth hormone (GH) ephakama kakhulu. Oku kubangela ukuba amathambo kunye nezicubu zikhule ngendlela engaqhelekanga.
- I-Hyperthyroidism: Ukuba ithumba le-pituitary livelisa i-TSH eninzi (oku kunqabile), i-thyroid gland iba nefuthe eligqithisileyo. Oku kunokubangela izinto ezifana nokwanda kwemetabolism, ukubetha kwentliziyo ngokukhawuleza, kunye nokuxhalaba.
- I-Prolactinoma: Ithumba elikwi-pituitary gland elibangela ukukhutshwa kakhulu kwe-hormone prolactin. Oku kunokuchaphazela inkqubo yokuzala kubasetyhini nakumadoda.
Ngenxa yokuba ezi meko zinokuba zimbi kakhulu, kubaluleke kakhulu ukubona ugqirha wakho ngokukhawuleza ukuba unezinye zezi mpawu.
Zithini iimpawu zezi meko?
Iimpawu ezinxulumene nemeko nganye zahlukile. Makhe sijonge ukuba zeziphi ezi. Jonga ukuba unazo na ezi mpawu.
| Imeko | Iimpawu ezinokwenzeka |
|---|---|
| Isifo sikaCushing |
|
| I-Acromegaly |
*Xa oku kusenzeka ebantwaneni, kubizwa ngokuba yi-'gigantism'. Banokukhula babe bade ngendlela engaqhelekanga. |
| I-Hyperthyroidism |
|
| I-Prolactinoma | Kwabasetyhini:
Kwamadoda:
*Kumacala omabini: Intloko ebuhlungu kunye neengxaki zokubona zinokubakho (ngenxa yokuba ithumba liyakhula kwaye licinezeleka kwi-optic nerve). |
I-Hyperpituitarism ebantwaneni
Le meko ayiqhelekanga ebantwaneni. Xa isenzeka, idla ngokubangelwa sisimila esincinci esingengomhlaza esibizwa ngokuba yi-pituitary microadenoma. Eyona meko ixhaphakileyo ebantwaneni yi-prolactinoma.
- Kumantombazana: Ukufikisa okulibazisekileyo kunye nokuyeka ukuya exesheni (i-amenorrhea) kunokwenzeka.
- Kwabafana: Njengoko ithumba likhula kwaye licinezela imithambo-luvo, linokubangela iintloko ezibuhlungu, iingxaki zokubona, kunye nezinye iingxaki. Linokubangela iingxaki zokufikisa okanye zokukhula okulibazisekileyo.
Zithini izizathu zoku?
I-hyperpituitarism idla ngokubangelwa yithumba elikwi-pituitary gland. Akwaziwa ukuba kutheni la mathumba esenzeka.
- Iithumba ezingezizo ezona zibangela isifo: Le yeyona nto ixhaphakileyo. Ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo lweseli elenziwe ngalo ithumba, liqala ukukhupha i-hormone enye okanye ezimbini kakhulu.
- Iimeko zofuzo: Ngamanye amaxesha, ezi zifo zinokubangelwa ziimeko zofuzo ezifana neMultiple Endocrine Neoplasia type 1 (MEN1) .
- I-Carcinoma: Kunqabile kakhulu ukuba ithumba elinomhlaza okanye isifo se-hypothalamus sibangele oku.
Ungayibona njani le meko?
Ngoku, xa usiya kugqirha oneempawu ezinjalo, uza kuthatha imbali eneenkcukacha aze amamele iimpawu zakho. Emva koko, banokuyalela iimvavanyo ezininzi ukuqinisekisa ukuba unesifo.
- Uvavanyo lwegazi nomchamo: Olu vavanyo lulinganisa amanqanaba eehomoni egazini okanye kumchamo wakho. Umzekelo, lujonga amanqanaba eprolactin, i-cortisol, kunye nehomoni yokukhula.
- IiSkeni zeMifanekiso: Ukuba uvavanyo lwelabhoratri lubonisa ukuba kukho ithumba, kungenziwa iskeni ukuqinisekisa ukuba likhona. Oku kungabonisa ngqo apho ithumba likhona kwaye likhulu kangakanani.
- I-MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) Scan: Le yindlela esetyenziswa kakhulu.
- I-CT (Computed Tomography) Scan: Ukuba une-pacemaker, i-CT scan inokwenziwa kuba i-MRI ayinakwenziwa.
Iphathwa njani?
Ngokuxhomekeke kwimeko yakho, indlela enye okanye ezingaphezulu zonyango zingasetyenziswa kunye.
Amayeza
Kwezinye iimeko, amayeza anikwa ukulawula amanqanaba eehomoni. Umzekelo, kwimeko yeprolactinoma, amayeza anikwa ukunciphisa amanqanaba eprolactin kunye nokunciphisa ithumba. Amayeza ngamanye amaxesha asetyenziswa ukunciphisa iithumba ezinkulu ngaphambi kotyando.
Utyando
Kwiimeko ezifana ne-acromegaly okanye i-Cushing's syndrome, ithumba lisuswa ngotyando. Olona tyando luqhelekileyo lubizwa ngokuba yi-transsphenoidal adenomectomy . Kule meko, ugqirha wenza utyando oluncinci ngempumlo okanye umlebe ongasentla, afikelele kwi-pituitary gland, aze asuse ithumba. Nangona olu lutyando olunobuthathaka kakhulu, izinga lempumelelo lingaphezulu kwe-80% xa lwenziwa ngugqirha onamava.
Unyango ngemitha
Kwabo bangenako utyando, okanye ukuba kukho iindawo ezithile zethumba ezisele emva kotyando, kusetyenziswa unyango lwemitha. Oku kuquka ukujolisa umqadi wemitha enamandla aphezulu kwithumba nokutshabalalisa iiseli.
Injani imbono?
Kwabaninzi, ikamva lale meko lilungile. Nangona ingenakunyangwa, ngonyango olufanelekileyo nolawulo, abantu abaninzi banokuzilawula iimpawu zabo baze baphile ubomi obusempilweni, obonwabisayo nobunempumelelo. Kwezinye iimeko, unokufuna ukuthatha amayeza okanye ube phantsi kweliso likagqirha ixesha elide. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuhlala unxibelelana rhoqo nogqirha wakho kwaye umazise ngalo naluphi na utshintsho kwiimpawu zakho.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- I-pituitary gland ifana "nomlawuli oyintloko" wemizimba yethu. Iihomoni ezikhuphayo zilawula imisebenzi emininzi ebalulekileyo emizimbeni yethu.
- Ukuba le gland isebenza kakhulu, izifo ezahlukeneyo ezifana ne-hyperpituitarism, i-Cushing's syndrome, kunye ne-acromegaly zinokwenzeka.
- Ukuba ubona utshintsho olungaqhelekanga nolungalindelekanga kwizinto ezifana nobunzima bomzimba, imo yobuso, ubume bolusu, okanye umjikelo wokuya exesheni, yiqwalasele loo nto.
- Ukuba unale mpawu, ungoyiki. Bonana nogqirha kwangethuba uze ufumane ingcebiso.
- Ngokuchongwa nonyango olufanelekileyo, uninzi lwezi meko zinokulawulwa kakuhle kwaye abantu banokuphila ubomi obuqhelekileyo.
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