Masifunde ngenkqubo yonxibelelwano emangalisayo emzimbeni wakho: i-Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) Axis.

Ngaba wakha wacinga ukuba imizimba yethu ineenkqubo zonxibelelwano ezimangalisayo, oko kukuthi, iindlela zokunxibelelana? Kufana nenethiwekhi yefowuni. Enye yeenkqubo ezikhethekileyo yi -HPA axis (Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) Axis) . Le yinxalenye ebaluleke kakhulu yomzimba wethu ebalulekileyo ekulawuleni uxinzelelo . Ngaba singathetha ngale nto ngokweenkcukacha? Iyintoni, isebenza njani, kwaye isenza ntoni kuthi?

Iyintoni le HPA axis? Iyintoni uhlobo lwenkqubo yezitho zomzimba?

Eli gama lisenokuvakala liyinkimbinkimbi kancinci, akunjalo? Kodwa ukuyibeka ngokulula, i-HPA axis yingqokelela yamalungu amathathu amakhulu emzimbeni wethu. Asebenza kunye, njengeqela. Onke ayinxalenye yenkqubo yethu ye-endocrine , eyinkqubo evelisa iihomoni. Ikwabizwa ngokuba yinkqubo ye-neuroendocrine , kuba ikhupha iihomoni egazini ngenxa yezizathu ezivela kwinkqubo yemithambo-luvo.

Ngoko ke, zithini ezi zitho zintathu?

• I-Hypothalamus: Oku kufana neziko lokulawula elingaphakathi engqondweni yakho. Cinga ngako njengebhodi yokutshintsha eyintloko endlwini yakho. Igcina izinto ezifana nobushushu bomzimba wakho, indlala, isimo sakho sengqondo, kunye neendlela zokulala zilungelelene. Ikwenza oku nokuba kukuchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo inkqubo yakho yemithambo-luvo okanye ngokulawula iihomoni.

• I-pituitary gland: Le ikwayi-gland enobukhulu be-pea efumaneka phantsi kwengqondo, ngaphantsi nje kwe-hypothalamus ekhankanyiweyo ngaphambili. Nangona incinci, umsebenzi wayo mkhulu kakhulu. Ivelisa inani lee-hormone ezibalulekileyo eziyimfuneko emzimbeni wethu. Ikwalawula umsebenzi wezinye ii-endocrine glands ezininzi. Inxalenye engaphambili yale gland ye-pituitary, ebizwa ngokuba yi-anterior pituitary, iqhagamshelwe kwi-HPA axis.

• Ii-adrenal glands: Ezi zibekwe phezu kwezintso zakho, njengezigqoko ezincinci. Zii-glands ezimbini ezincinci, ezimile okwe-triangular. Zikwavelisa ii-hormones ezikhethekileyo ezinceda ekulawuleni imisebenzi emininzi ebalulekileyo emizimbeni yethu. Inxalenye engaphandle yezi-adrenal glands, ebizwa ngokuba yi-adrenal cortex, ibandakanyeka kwi-HPA axis.

Uyaqonda? Aba bathathu ngabadlali abaphambili kwi-HPA axis.

Ngoko ke, yintoni indima yale axis ye-HPA? Kutheni ibaluleke kangaka kuthi?

Ngamafutshane, umsebenzi oyintloko nobaluleke kakhulu we-HPA axis kukuvelisa nokukhupha i-hormone ebizwa ngokuba yi -cortisol egazini. Usenokuba ukhe weva ngale cortisol njenge-'stress hormone'. Ikwiklasi yee-hormone ze-steroid ezibizwa ngokuba yi -glucocorticoids .

Ngoko ke, unengcinezelo ethile, umngeni, uloyiko, ixhala (sikubiza okuXa udibana ne-stress, umzimba wakho ulungiselela ngoko nangoko ukujongana nayo ngokusebenzisa i-HPA axis kunye nokukhupha i-cortisol. Le yinkqubo ezenzekelayo kakhulu, eyenzeka ngokwemvelo.

Khawucinge nje, ukuba ubuhamba esitalatweni uze ngequbuliso inja ifike ibaleka kuwe, intliziyo yakho ibetha ngesantya esiphezulu, umzimba wakho ubile, kwaye ukuphefumla kwakho kukhawuleze, akunjalo? Ngamaxesha anjalo, le HPA axis yiyo ekukulungiselela ukujongana naloo meko ingxamisekileyo.

Kwakhona, ngaba ukhe weva 'ngempendulo yokulwa okanye yokubaleka' ? Yindlela imizimba yethu elungiselela ngayo ukulwa (ukulwa) okanye ukubaleka (ukubaleka) xa sibona ingozi. Oku kukwanxulunyaniswa kakhulu ne-HPA axis, kunye nehomoni i -adrenaline (i-epinephrine), eveliswa lelinye icandelo le-adrenal glands.

Imizimba yethu yenzelwe ukuba ihlangabezane noxinzelelo kwaye iphendule. Xa sijongene nemingeni kunye notshintsho, imizimba yethu isabela okwethutyana, emzimbeni nasengqondweni, ukuze ivumelane nalo. Olu hlobo loxinzelelo ngamanye amaxesha lulungile. Lusigcina sivukile, lusikhuthaze ukuba sithathe inyathelo, kwaye lusinceda siphephe ingozi. Nangona kunjalo, uxinzelelo olungapheliyo , okanye oluhlala ixesha elide, lunokuba yingozi emizimbeni yethu.

Isebenza njani i-axis ye-HPA? Isebenza njani le ntambo yeehomoni?

Oku kwenzeka njenge-chain reaction. Khawuthelekelele ngequbuliso unengxaki, uloyiko, okanye umceli mngeni omkhulu. Emva koko nantsi into eyenzekayo:

1. Okokuqala, inkqubo yakho yemithambo-luvo ezimeleyo iyayibona le meko ixinzelelekileyo ize ithumele umyalezo kwi-hypothalamus esebuchotsheni bakho, othi, "Ngxamiseko! Thatha inyathelo ngoku!"

2. Xa ifumana loo mqondiso, i-hypothalamus ikhupha i -hormone ebizwa ngokuba yi-corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) egazini.

3. Le hormone ye-CRH ihamba ngegazi ize ixelele i-anterior pituitary gland ukuba, "Kulungile, ngoku lixesha lakho!" I-pituitary gland emva koko ikhupha enye i-hormone ebizwa ngokuba yi-adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) .

4. Okokugqibela, yile hormone ye-ACTH ehamba ngegazi ize isebenze kwi-adrenal cortex , ekwindawo engaphezulu kwezintso, iyixelela ukuba "ivelise i-cortisol!"

Uyabona? Yinkqubo eyenzeka inyathelo ngenyathelo, iqhagamshelwe enye kwenye.

Kodwa, oku akwenzeki rhoqo. Kuba ukuba bekunjalo, bekungayi kuba kuhle emizimbeni yethu. I-HPA axis yenziwe yi- negative feedback loop ethambileyo kakhulu.Oko kukuthi, xa inqanaba le-cortisol egazini linyuka ukuya kwinqanaba elifunekayo, elo cortisol linyukayo liyabuya lize libonise i-hypothalamus kunye ne-pituitary gland, "Kwanele, yeka ukwenza i-CRH kunye ne-ACTH." Yiyo loo nto impendulo yethu yoxinzelelo ilawulwa, isebenze kuphela xa kuyimfuneko, kwaye ibuyela kwisiqhelo.

Nangona kunjalo, xa sihlala sixinezelekile okanye sixinezelekile kakhulu, okanye ngesizathu esithile, ezinye iingxaki zinokwenzeka ekusebenzeni kwale axis ye-HPA.

Zeziphi iimeko ezichaphazela i-axis ye-HPA? Ngaba kukho iingxaki ezinokwenzeka kule nkqubo?

Ewe, i-axis ye-HPA inokuba nokusebenza kakhulu, kodwa inokuba nokusebenza kancinci.

Ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwe-axis ye-HPA

Xa sihlala siphantsi koxinzelelo olungapheliyo, umsebenzi wale axis ye-HPA unokuphazamiseka, kwaye amanqanaba e-cortisol emzimbeni anokuhlala ephezulu rhoqo . Le meko idla ngokubizwa ngokuba yi- HPA axis dysfunction . Eli nqanaba liphezulu le-cortisol eliqhubekayo linyusa umngcipheko weengxaki ezahlukeneyo zempilo. Umzekelo:

• Ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwenkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela: Ukwanda kokuchaphazeleka kukugula, ukwanda kokudumba emzimbeni wonke, kunye nomngcipheko wokufumana ezinye iimeko zokuzikhusela komzimba (oko kukuthi, izifo apho inkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela ihlasela iiseli zayo).
• Iingxaki zempilo yengqondo: Ukuphazamiseka kweemvakalelo (umz. ukudakumba), ukuphazamiseka kwexhala , kunye noxinzelelo lwasemva kwengozi (PTSD) kunokwenzeka.
• Izifo ze-metabolic: Isifo seswekile , ukutyeba kakhulu , kunye nezinye iintlobo zomhlaza zinokunyusa umngcipheko.
• Izifo zentliziyo: Izinto ezifana noxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu kunye nomonakalo kwimithambo yegazi.

Ukongeza, abaphandi bafumanisa ukuba ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwe-HPA axis kunokunxulunyaniswa nokulahlekelwa yinkumbulo kunye neemeko zokuwohloka kwemithambo-luvo ezifana nesifo sika-Alzheimer . Ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwe-HPA axis yingcamango enzima ye-physiological. Izizathu zayo kunye nemiphumo yempilo kusaphandwa.

Ngaba ikhona indlela yokunyanga oku?

Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, akukho nyango luthe ngqo olujolise ekungasebenzi kakuhle kwe-HPA axis. Nangona kunjalo, abaphandi basebenza nzima ukulidibanisa neemeko ezahlukeneyo zonyango kunye nokuphuhlisa unyango.

Ucinezelo lwe-axis ye-HPA

Kwelinye icala, ngamanye amaxesha i-axis ye-HPA inokuba yinto engasebenzi kakuhle. Oku kubizwa ngokubaUkucinezelwa kwe-HPA axis . Le meko inokwenzeka ngakumbi xa sisebenzisa ii-glucocorticoids eziveliswe ngaphandle, okanye ii-corticosteroids (ezifana ne-prednisolone), kwiimeko ezithile zonyango ixesha elide.

Ziziphi ezinye zeemeko ezisetyenziselwa ii-corticosteroids?

• Isifuba
• I-COPD (Isifo Esingapheliyo Sokuthintelwa Kwemiphunga) - oko kukuthi, isifo esingapheliyo semiphunga.
• Emva kokufakelwa amalungu omzimba
• Kwezinye iintlobo zomhlaza
• Iimeko zeRheumatologic (umz. isifo samathambo)
• Ezinye iingxaki zentlungu

Xa i-axis ye-HPA icinezelwe ngale ndlela, ukuveliswa kwe-cortisol emzimbeni kuyehla. Oku kwenza umzimba ungakwazi ukuphendula kuxinzelelo kwaye kunciphisa nokukwazi komzimba ukulwa nosulelo. Amanqanaba aphantsi e-cortisol anyusa umngcipheko wosulelo oluqhubekayo, ngamanye amaxesha olunzima. Kwiimeko ezigqithisileyo, uxinezeleko lwe-axis ye-HPA lunokubangela imeko engxamisekileyo esongela ubomi ebizwa ngokuba yi -adrenal crisis .

Nangona kunjalo, ayinguye wonke umntu oza kuphelelwa yi-HPA axis ngenxa yokusebenzisa ii-corticosteroids. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba usebenzisa la mayeza, kubalulekile ukuthetha nogqirha wakho malunga nemiphumo emibi kunye neengozi ezinokubakho kwaye ube nolwazi olupheleleyo.

Singayigcina njani i-axis yethu ye-HPA isempilweni?

Ngoko ke, singayinyamekela njani le axis ixabisekileyo ye-HPA size siyigcine isebenza kakuhle? Enyanisweni, abaphandi basafunda lukhulu ngale axis ye-HPA kunye nento esinokuyenza ukuyikhusela. Kodwa, eyona nto ilungileyo nebaluleke kakhulu ngoku kukulawula uxinzelelo kunye nokululawula ngokufanelekileyo.

Kakade ke, asinakukwazi ukususa ngokupheleleyo lonke uxinezeleko ebomini bethu. Oko akunakwenzeka. Kodwa singazama ukunciphisa umonakalo owenzekayo emizimbeni yethu ngokuthintela ukuba inganyamezeleki.

Nazi ezinye izinto ezilula onokuzongeza kubomi bakho bemihla ngemihla eziya kukunceda:

• Zama imisebenzi yokuphumla: Zama ukwenza izinto ezinje ngokucamngca , i-yoga , umthambo wokuphefumla nzulu, kunye neendlela zokuphumla kwemisipha imizuzu embalwa ngosuku. Ezi zinto ziya kukunceda uzole ingqondo yakho.
• Lumka kakuhle umzimba wakho: Yitya ukutya okunesondlo nokunesondlo. Zilolonge rhoqo. Lala ngokwaneleyo (ngesiqhelo iiyure ezisi-7-8) yonke imihla.
• Hlala unesimo sengqondo esihle: Jonga yonke into ngendlela eyakhayo. Yiba nombulelo kwaye wonwabe ngento onayo.
• Yeka izinto ongenakukwazi ukuzilawula:Qonda ukuba asinakulawula yonke into kweli hlabathi. Akukho sizathu sokuhlala uxhalabile kwaye uxhalabele izinto ongenakuzitshintsha.
• Ziqhelise ukuthi 'hayi': Ukuba uxakeke kakhulu, ukuba sele uziva uxinezelekile, musa ukuthatha uxanduva olongezelelweyo kunye nemisebenzi uze udale uxinezeleko olongezelelekileyo.
• Chitha ixesha nabantu abakuxhasayo nabakwenza wonwabe: Chitha ixesha elingakumbi nabahlobo abalungileyo kunye nosapho abakuthomalalisayo, abakwenza uhleke, abakunika amandla engqondo, baze banike uncedo olusebenzayo xa lufuneka.

Ukuba ukhathazekile ngoxinzelelo lwakho kwaye uvakalelwa kukuba kuya kuba nzima ukumelana nalo, ungathandabuzi ukucela uncedo nolwalathiso kugqirha wakho okanye kwingcali yezempilo ethembekileyo.

Okokugqibela, eyona nto ibalulekileyo ekufuneka uyikhumbule

Uxinzelelo yinto esiyifumanayo sonke ngandlel’ ithile ebomini bethu, yinxalenye yamava oluntu. Ngethamsanqa, imizimba yethu inendlela ekrelekrele kakhulu nekhethekileyo ebizwa ngokuba yi-HPA axis yokujongana nezo zisongelo kunye nemingeni kwaye isikhusele kwingozi.

Nangona kunjalo, kufuneka sikhumbule ukuba xa sijongene noxinzelelo olugqithisileyo okanye olude, ibhalansi ebuthathaka yale axis ye-HPA iyalahleka, ukusebenza kwayo kuyaphazamiseka, kwaye iingxaki ezahlukeneyo zempilo zinokwenzeka. Abaphandi basafunda ngaphakathi nangaphandle kwale axis ye-HPA, oko kukuthi, yonke imisebenzi yayo ngokunzulu.

Okwangoku, eyona nto ingcono esinokuyenza kukuzama ukuzikhwebula kwizinto ezibangela uxinzelelo kangangoko sinako size silawule uxinzelelo oluvelayo. Ukuba uziva ngathi ubomi bakho buxinezelekile kakhulu kwaye ukufumanisa kunzima ukumelana nalo, thetha nogqirha ngayo loo nto. Bakulungele ukukunceda nokukukhokela.

I - axis ye-HPA, uxinzelelo, i-cortisol, i-hypothalamus, i-pituitary gland, ii-adrenal glands, iihomoni