Ukuba unesifo seswekile, igama elithi 'insulin' mhlawumbi liqhelekile kuwe. Usenokuba usebenzisa inaliti ye-insulin imihla ngemihla. Kodwa yintoni kanye kanye i-insulin? Isebenza ntoni emizimbeni yethu? Makhe sithethe ngayo ngokulula nangokucacileyo. Uza kufumana iimpendulo kuyo yonke imibuzo yakho kweli nqaku.
Yintoni i-insulin kwaye isebenza njani?
Ngamafutshane, i-insulin yi-hormone eveliswa yimizimba yethu. Yenziwa sisitho esibizwa ngokuba yi-pancreas, esikwisisu sethu, emva kwesisu. Ngoko ke umsebenzi ophambili wale insulin kukunceda ukuguqula ukutya esikutyayo kube ngamandla, ngelixa ulawula amanqanaba eswekile egazini lethu.
Khawucinge ukuba utya into equlethe iicarbohydrate, njengeqhekeza lerayisi okanye iqhekeza lesonka. Ezi carbohydrate ziyagaywa emathunjini ethu kwaye zibe yiswekile elula ebizwa ngokuba yi-'glucose'. Le glucose ingena egazini lethu. Emva koko amanqanaba eswekile egazini lethu ayanyuka.
Kulapho ke i-insulin yethu 'eyiqhawe' iphuma khona. Xa inqanaba leswekile egazini lifunyaniswa ukuba liyanda, i-pancreas ikhupha i-hormone insulin egazini. Ifana ne-AC endlwini yethu. Xa ubushushu obusegumbini busanda, i-AC iyavula ize ipholise igumbi, kwaye xa ubushushu buncipha, iyacima.
Ngoko ke le insulin ikhutshwayo ithatha iglucose esegazini ize iyithumele kwiiseli zomzimba wethu. Iiseli zisebenzisa loo glucose ukwenza amandla esiwadingayo imini yonke. I-insulin ikwasixelela ukuba sigcine iglucose eyongezelelweyo kwisibindi sethu nakwimisipha ukuze siyisebenzise kamva. Xa iglucose ingena kwiiseli ngale ndlela, inqanaba leswekile egazini liyehla liye esiqhelweni.
Kodwa kwabanye abantu, i-pancreas ayikwazi ukuvelisa i-insulin eyaneleyo, okanye umzimba awukwazi ukusebenzisa i-insulin oyivelisayo ngokufanelekileyo. Oku kukwabizwa ngokuba 'kukumelana ne-insulin'. Kwimeko enjalo, iswekile iyanda egazini kwaye amanqanaba eswekile ahlala ephezulu. Le meko siyibiza ngokuba yi-hyperglycemia . Ukuba neswekile eninzi egazini ixesha elide yiyo ebangela isifo seswekile.
I-Insulin kunye neGlucagon: Abahlobo Ababini Abalawula Iswekile
I-Glucagon , enye i-hormone ebalulekileyo eveliswa yi-pancreas yethu, kunye ne-insulin, isebenza ngokuchaseneyo, kodwa ukugcina amanqanaba eswekile emzimbeni elungelelene.
- I-Insulin: Yehlisa amanqanaba eswekile egazini.
- I-Glucagon: Yonyusa amanqanaba eswekile egazini.
Khawucinge ukuba awutyanga ngexesha, okanye uzilolonge kakhulu. Emva koko inqanaba leswekile egazini lakho linokuhla. Ngeli xesha, ipancreas ikhupha iglucagon. IGlucagon ixelela isibindi ukuba songeze iswekile ebigcinwe ngaphambili (glycogen) egazini. Emva koko inqanaba leswekile egazini libuyela kwisiqhelo.
Ngale ndlela, iihomoni ezimbini i-insulin kunye ne-glucagon zisebenza imini yonke, zigcina amanqanaba eswekile egazini lethu ngaphakathi koluhlu oluthile.
Zeziphi iintlobo ze-insulin ezinikwa abantu abanesifo seswekile?
Ekubeni umntu onesifo seswekile engakwazi ukulawula i-insulin yakhe, kufuneka anikwe i-insulin ngaphandle ngendlela yenaliti. Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-insulin. Zahlulwe zibe ziindidi ezintathu eziphambili.
1. Ukuqala: Indlela eqala ngayo ukusebenza ngokukhawuleza emva kokuba igonyo linikwe.
2. Incopho: Ixesha elithathayo ukuze amandla egonyo afikelele kwinqanaba eliphezulu.
3. Ubude bexesha (ixesha elihlala emzimbeni): Ixesha elingakanani elilawulwa yinaliti enye yeswekile egazini.
Uhlobo lwe-insulin oluchazwe ngugqirha wakho lunokwahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwezi zinto.
| Uhlobo lwe-insulin (Uhlobo) | Ixesha lokuqalisa | Ukusebenza okuphezulu | Ubude bexesha |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ukusebenza ngokukhawuleza Umzekelo: i-Insulin aspart, i-Insulin lispro | Malunga nemizuzu eli-15 | Malunga neyure e-1 | Iiyure ezi-2-4 |
| Isebenza ixesha elifutshane Umzekelo: I-insulin eqhelekileyo (iHumulin R, iNovolin R) | Malunga nemizuzu engama-30 | Iiyure ezi-2-3 | Iiyure ezi-3-6 |
| Ukusebenza okuphakathi Umzekelo: i-insulin ye-NPH (i-Humulin N, i-Novolin N) | Iiyure ezi-2-4 | Iiyure ezi-4 ukuya kwezili-12 | Iiyure ezili-12-18 |
| Isebenza ixesha elide Umzekelo: I-Insulin glargine (iLantus), i-Insulin detemir (iLevemir) | Malunga neeyure ezi-2 | Akukho Nqanaba | Ukuya kuthi ga kwiiyure ezingama-24 |
| Isebenza ixesha elide kakhulu Umzekelo: I-Insulin degludec (Tresiba) | Malunga neeyure ezi-6 | Akukho Nqanaba | Iiyure ezingama-36 nangaphezulu |
Ungayikhetha njani i-insulin efanelekileyo kuwe?
Oku akuyonto onokuyikhetha wedwa. Ugqirha wakho uza kugqiba uhlobo, idosi, kunye nexesha le-insulin elilungele wena ngokwemeko yakho. Kukho izinto ezininzi ezichaphazela oku:
- Iintlobo kunye nobungakanani bokutya okutyayo
- iminyaka yakho
- Inqanaba lakho lomsebenzi womzimba (ngaba uyawuzilolonga okanye awuyilolongi)
- Indlela yokulawula amanqanaba eswekile egazini lakho
- Ixesha elithathwayo ukuze i-insulin ifunxwe ngumzimba
Iindlela zokufumana i-insulin:
- Iisirinji: Eyona ndlela isetyenziswa kakhulu. Umthamo we-insulin omiselweyo utsalwa kwibhotile ufakwe kwisirinji uze ufakwe phantsi kwesikhumba.
- Iipeni: Kulula kakhulu ukuzisebenzisa. Zizixhobo ezifana nepeni ezinekhatriji egcwele i-insulin. Ungayibeka idosi echanekileyo nge-dial uze uyifake ngokucinezela iqhosha.
- Ipompo ye-Insulin: Esi sisixhobo esincinci esikhupha i-insulin emzimbeni kancinci kancinci kangangeeyure ezingama-24. Sidla ngokufakwa phantsi kwesikhumba sesisu.
Ngaba kukho naziphi na iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zokujova nge-insulin?
Ewe, eyona mpembelelo iphambili neyona ixhaphakileyo yokusebenzisa i-insulin kukuba inqanaba leswekile egazini liyehla kakhulu. Oku kwaziwa ngokwezonyango njenge- hypoglycemia . Le meko inokwenzeka ukuba inqanaba leswekile egazini liyehla ngaphantsi kwe-70 mg/dL.
Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo ze-hypoglycemia:
- Ukuziva uxhalabile, ungaphumli
- Ukubila kakhulu
- Ukungcangcazela komzimba
- Ndiziva ndilambile kakhulu
- Isiyezi , amehlo aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka
- Ukudideka, umsindo
Kubalulekile: Ukuba ufumana naziphi na kwezi mpawu, isenokuba yimeko engxamisekileyo. Musa ukuyityeshela. Wakuba ukrokrela ukuba uneswekile ephantsi egazini, sela into emnandi (icephe leswekile, iswekile, isiselo esimnandi) kwaye utsalele umnxeba ugqirha wakho ngoko nangoko. Kwezinye iimeko ezinzima, kunokufuneka uye kwiSebe leeNgxamiseko lesibhedlele (ETU).
Kunqabile kakhulu ukuba kubekho ii-allergy ezifana nokuba bomvu, ukurhawuzelela, kunye nokudumba kwindawo efakwe kuyo inaliti. Ukuba oku kuyenzeka, thetha nogqirha wakho ngako.
Uyifaka phi kanye kanye i-insulin?
Inaliti ye-insulin kufuneka inikwe kumaleko wamafutha phantsi kolusu. Kulapho ifunxwa khona egazini kwaye isebenze kakuhle. Iindawo ezilungileyo zoku:
- Isisu: Naphi na esiswini, kushiya malunga ne-intshi ezimbini zesithuba esijikeleze inkaba.
- Umva wengalo: Umva wengalo engasentla.
- Ithanga: Umphambili okanye amacala ethanga.
- Inxalenye ephezulu yendawo yeempundu.
Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba, musa ukujova kwindawo enye yonke imihla. Ukuba ujova engalweni yasekunene namhlanje, jova engalweni yasekhohlo ngomso. Ukuba ujova kwicala lasekunene lesisu namhlanje, jova kwicala lasekhohlo ngomso. Olu hlobo lokujikeleza indawo luyimfuneko. Ngaphandle koko, ukuba uqhubeka ujova kwindawo enye, amaqhuqhuva amancinci (lipohypertrophy) anokwenzakala phantsi kolusu kwezo ndawo. Ngenxa yaloo maqhuqhuva, umzimba usenokungayifunxi kakuhle i-insulin kamva.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- I-insulin yi-hormone ebalulekileyo eveliswa emizimbeni yethu elawula iswekile egazini.
- Xa unesifo seswekile, ukusebenza kwale nkqubo ye-insulin kuyaphazamiseka, ngoko ke kufuneka uthathe i-insulin ngaphandle.
- Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-insulin. Ugqirha wakho uya kugqiba uhlobo kunye nomthamo ofanelekileyo kwimeko yakho.
- Umngcipheko ophambili wokusebenzisa i-insulin kukwehla kweswekile egazini (hypoglycemia). Hlala uqaphela iimpawu zayo .
- Ukuba unemibuzo, iinkxalabo, okanye amathandabuzo malunga ne-insulin, ungaze woyike ukuthetha ngokukhululekileyo nogqirha wakho ngayo.
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