Ingaba kukho ukuncipha kokuhamba kwegazi kwiindawo zomzimba wakho? Masifunde nge-Ischemia!

Ngaba wakha weva ngemeko apho igazi lingahambi kakuhle kwiindawo ezithile zomzimba? Xa oko kusenzeka, ezo ndawo azifumani ioksijini eyaneleyo, nto leyo enokubangela iingxaki ezinkulu. Oku kunokuba nzima kakhulu. Namhlanje siza kuthetha ngale meko ibizwa ngokuba yi-ischemia. Makhe sijonge ukuba yintoni kanye kanye, kutheni isenzeka, kwaye yintoni onokuyenza ngayo.

Yintoni kanye kanye i-Ischemia?

Ngamafutshane, i-Ischemia iyenzeka xa inxalenye yomzimba wakho ingafumani igazi elaneleyo. Ngoku uyazi ukuba igazi lethu lithwala ioksijini kuyo yonke iseli kunye nezicubu zomzimba. Ngoko ke xa ukuhamba kwegazi kuncipha, oko kuthetha ukuba ubungakanani beoksijini ethunyelwayo nayo iyancipha. Le yingxaki yokwenyani, kuba iiseli zethu zifuna ioksijini ukuze ziphile.

Oku kwenzeka rhoqo ngenxa yokuncitshiswa komthambo wegazi okanye ukuvaleka komthambo wegazi.

Ngamanye amaxesha le meko ye-ischemia isenokungabi mbi kakhulu kwaye ingabangela naziphi na iingxaki ezinkulu. Nangona kunjalo, ngokuhamba kwexesha, inokuba mandundu kancinci kancinci ize ibe mandundu ngakumbi. Ukuba iba mandundu kakhulu, oko kuthetha ukuba iiseli ezininzi ziyafa, inokuba yingozi ebomini. Ke ngoko, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqaphela oku.

Ziziphi iintlobo eziphambili ze-ischemia?

I-Ischemia inokuchaphazela amalungu ahlukeneyo omzimba. Siyihlela ngokwendawo echaphazelekileyo. Kukho iintlobo ezininzi eziphambili ezinokubonwa:

• I-Myocardial ischemia: Le yimeko eyenzeka xa ukunikezelwa kwegazi kwimisipha yentliziyo kuncipha. Le yeyona nto ibangela ukuhlaselwa yintliziyo esiye sayiva sonke. Cinga ngayo, intliziyo ifana nepompo esebenza ngokungayekiyo. Kuthekani ukuba ayifumani gazi laneleyo?
• I-Mesenteric ischemia: Le meko inokwenzeka xa imithambo yegazi ehambisa igazi kwiindawo ezithile zenkqubo yokugaya ukutya, njengamathumbu ethu, ivalekile. Oku kunqabile, kodwa kunokuba nzima kwaye kube ngequbuliso.
• Ischemia ejikeleze okanye emilenzeni: Oku kwenzeka xa kukho ukwehla kokuhamba kwegazi ezingalweni okanye emilenzeni. Ngamanye amaxesha imilenze iyabuhlungu xa uhamba, kodwa kuya kuba ngcono emva kokuba ume okwethutyana. Kwiimeko ezinzima, ingalo okanye umlenze unokude ungasebenzi.
• I-Ischemic stroke: Esi sistroke esichaphazela ingqondo kwaye senzeka xa umthambo wegazi ohambisa igazi engqondweni uvalekile, nto leyo ebangela umonakalo kwinxalenye yengqondo, engabinayo ioksijini. Oku kuyingozi kakhulu kuba xa iiseli zengqondo zisifa, azikwazi ukuphinda zivelise.
• Uhlaselo lwe-ischemic oluhamba kancinci (i-TIA): Olu lukwaluhla lokuhamba kwegazi okwethutyana oluya ebuchotsheni. Nangona iimpawu zifana nezo ze-stroke, zihlala ziphela kwiiyure ezingama-24, rhoqo kwimizuzu embalwa. Nangona kunjalo, luphawu olubonisa ukuba i-stroke enkulu iyeza! Ke ngoko, ukuba une-TIA, kufuneka ufune uncedo lwezonyango ngokukhawuleza.

Ixhaphake kangakanani le meko ibizwa ngokuba yi-ischemia?

Enyanisweni, le ischemia ixhaphake kakhulu kunokuba unokucinga. Cinga nje, isifo sentliziyo sesona sizathu siphambili sokufa ehlabathini. Kwaye xa kufikwa kwistroke, uninzi lwazo zistroke ze-ischemic. Umzekelo, kwilizwe elifana neMelika, kuthiwa umntu uba nestroke rhoqo emva kwemizuzwana engama-40.

Abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-200 kwihlabathi liphela banesifo semithambo yegazi ejikeleze umqolo (i-PAD). Malunga ne-11% yaba bantu bane-ischemia engapheliyo esongela amalungu omzimba.

Nangona kunjalo, i-mesenteric ischemia ekhankanyiweyo apha ngasentla ayiqhelekanga. Ibonakala kakhulu kwizigulana ezigula kakhulu kwiYunithi yoKhathalelo oluPhezulu (ICU).

Ziziphi iimpawu ze-Ischemia?

Iimpawu ze-ischemia ziyahluka ngokuxhomekeke ekubeni igazi lingakanani emzimbeni. Oko kukuthi, asizizo iimpawu ezenzeka xa intliziyo ingenalo igazi, kodwa ziimpawu ezenzeka xa imilenze ingenalo igazi. Makhe sijonge ezinye zeempawu eziqhelekileyo:

• I-Angina, ebuhlungu esifubeni okanye ukuxinana: Olu luphawu olukhulu lwe-myocardial ischemia. Ingavakala ngathi kukho uxinzelelo okanye ubunzima obubekwe esifubeni sakho. Ngamanye amaxesha, le ntlungu ingadlulela engalweni yakho yasekhohlo, entanyeni, okanye emhlathini.
• Ukuphefumla kancinci: Usenokuphefumla kancinci, nokuba udiniwe kancinci.
• Ukuqaqamba okanye isiyezi: Ukuziva ujikeleza, ukuqaqamba, okanye ukuquleka.
• Ubunzima bokuthetha: Ukungakwazi ukuthetha ngokucacileyo, nokungaqondwa ngabanye abantu. Oku luphawu olukhethekileyo lokuphazamiseka kwengqondo.
• Ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwemisipha: Ukukhubeka xa uhamba, ukulahlekelwa yingqondo ngequbuliso, ubunzima bokubamba izinto.
• Intlungu engalweni okanye emlenzeni: Intlungu isenokuvela ngequbuliso, okanye isenokuvela xa wenza into ethile (umz., intlungu emlenzeni xa uhamba). Le ntlungu isenokuphela emva kwexesha elifutshane lokuphumla, kodwa inokubuya xa uqalisa ukwenza umsebenzi.
• Isandla okanye umlenze uba mhlophe okanye ubanda: Eso sandla/umlenze uvakala ubanda kunelinye icala, kwaye umbala uyatshintsha, mhlawumbi ude ube luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
• Ukungaziva okanye ukurhawuzelela engalweni okanye emlenzeni (Paresthesia): Kuvakala ngathi ziinaliti, okanye indawo ayiziva okanye inzima.
• Intlungu ebuhlungu esiswini (esiswini): Intlungu yesisu enganyamezelekiyo ngequbuliso. Oku kungaba luphawu lwe-mesenteric ischemia.
• Ukudumba okukhulu: Ukuziva uqumbile kakhulu, ngokungathi isisu sigcwele umoya.
• Urhudo: Urhudo ngamanye amaxesha lunokuhambisana negazi.
• Isisu esibuhlungu, isicaphucaphu, kunye nokuhlanza.

Ukuba unenye okanye ngaphezulu kwezi mpawu, musa ukuzityeshela. Kungcono ukufuna ingcebiso kagqirha ngoko nangoko. Ingakumbi ukuba uneempawu ezifana nentlungu yesifuba okanye ubunzima bokuthetha, kufuneka uye esibhedlele ngoko nangoko.

Zithini izizathu ze-ischemia?

I-Ischemia yenzeka xa kukho into ethintela ukuhamba kwegazi ngemithambo yegazi ukuya kwizicubu. Ngamanye amaxesha, ukuba kukho uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphantsi okanye amanqanaba e-oksijini aphantsi emzimbeni wonke ixesha elide, imeko ebizwa ngokuba yi-"global ischemia" inokwenzeka.

Izizathu eziphambili ze-ischemia zezi:

• I-atherosclerosis: Le yeyona nto ibangela oku. Ngamafutshane, amafutha agciniweyo (esiwabiza ngokuba yi-cholesterol) aqokelelana ngaphakathi kwemithambo yegazi, awenze lukhuni udonga lwemithambo yegazi aze anciphise imingxuma. Oku kuthintela igazi ukuba lingaphumi kakuhle.
• Amahlwili egazi: Ihlwili legazi linokuvela ngaphakathi kwemithambo yegazi lize livale umthambo. Eli hlwili legazi linokuvela kwenye indawo, lihambe negazi, lize linamathele emthanjeni.
• Ukukrwitshwa kwe-hernia yesisu: Ngamanye amaxesha inxalenye yamathumbu inokukrwitshwa ngaphakathi kwi-hernia, nto leyo ethintela ukuhamba kwegazi kuyo.
• Uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphantsi kakhulu: Xa uxinzelelo lwegazi luhla kakhulu, intliziyo iba nobunzima bokupompa igazi kwiindawo zomzimba, ingakumbi kwiindawo ezikude.
• I-Vasculitis: Oku kukudumba kwemithambo yegazi. Oku kunokubangela ukuba imithambo yegazi inciphe.
• Izixhobo zonyango: Ngexesha lotyando oluthile, xa kuqhagamshelwe kwizixhobo ezisindisa ubomi, okanye ngenxa yezixhobo ezifakwe kwimithambo yegazi, ukuhamba kwegazi ngamanye amaxesha kunokuphazamiseka.

Ziziphi izinto ezibangela ukuba i-ischemia ikhule?

Abanye abantu banamathuba amaninzi okufumana ischemia kunabanye. Makhe sijonge ukuba bayintoni na:

• Ukuba sele kukho ischemia kwenye indawo yomzimba.
• Uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu okanye uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphantsi.
• Inqanaba eliphezulu le-cholesterol egazini.
• Isifo seswekile (isifo seswekile).
• Ukunqongophala komsebenzi womzimba.
• Ukutyeba kakhulu kuthetha ukuba nobunzima obukhulu.
• Isifo sezintso esinganyangekiyo (CKD).
• Ukusetyenziswa kweemveliso zecuba (ukutshaya, icuba elingenamsi).
• Ukuba ukhe wahlaselwa yintliziyo ngaphambili.
• Ukuba ukhe waba nestroke ngaphambili.
• Ukuphelelwa ngamandla xa ulele.
• Iingxaki zokuqunjelwa kwegazi.
• Amanye amayeza, umzekelo, iipilisi zokulawula ukukhulelwa.

Ukuba unenye okanye ngaphezulu kwezi zinto ziyingozi, ukuzilawula kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthintela ischemia.

Ziziphi iingxaki ezinokwenzeka ngenxa ye-ischemia?

Ukuba i-ischemia ayinyangwa ngokufanelekileyo, inokukhokelela kwiingxaki ezinkulu kuba iiseli ziqala ukufa ngaphandle kweoksijini.

• Uhlaselo lwentliziyo: Oku kwenzeka xa igazi lisiya kwimisipha yentliziyo liyeka.
• I-Critical limb ischemia: Imeko apho igazi elingangeni okanye emlenzeni lincipha kakhulu, nto leyo ebangela ukuba inxalenye ife. Kusenokufuneka inqunyulwe.
• Istroke: Xa igazi lisiya engqondweni liyeka ukuhamba.
• Uhlaselo lwe-ischemic olukhawulezileyo (TIA).
• Ukugqobhoka kwamathumbu akho amancinci: Xa amathumbu engafumani gazi laneleyo, udonga lwamathumbu lunokuba buthathaka kwaye lugqobhoke.
• I-Gangrene, imeko apho izicwili ziyafa zize zibole: Oku kunokuhambisana nosulelo.

Kungoko ke kubalulekile ukufuna iingcebiso zonyango ngokukhawuleza xa kuvela iimpawu ze-ischemia.

Uyibona njani i-ischemia?

Ukuba uneempawu ze-ischemia, xa ubona ugqirha, uza kukubuza ngeempawu zakho kunye nazo naziphi na izifo oye wazifumana ngaphambili. Emva koko uza kwenza uvavanyo lomzimba, ejonge ngqo indawo onengxaki kuyo. Ukongeza, uza kuyalela iimvavanyo ezithile ukuze kufunyaniswe isifo. (Ilungiswe igama elithi 'நிரணய' ngesiSinhala elifana nelithi "தணரு").

Ihlaziyiwe: Ukongeza, ezinye iimvavanyo zinokuyalelwa ukuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa.

Zeziphi iimvavanyo ezenziwayo ukuze kubonwe oku?

Kukho iimvavanyo ezahlukeneyo ezinokusetyenziswa ukufumanisa ukuba kukho ischemia, ukuba imbi kangakanani, kwaye ikuphi. Ezinye zazo ziquka:

• Uvavanyo lwegazi: Jonga umonakalo wentliziyo, amanqanaba e-cholesterol, kunye nesifo seswekile.
• Uvavanyo lwe-Ankle-brachial index: Uvavanyo olulula lokujonga ukuba igazi alihambi kakuhle na emilenzeni.
• I-Doppler ultrasound: Oku kungasetyenziselwa ukubona indlela igazi elihamba ngayo ngemithambo yegazi kunye nokuba kukho naziphi na izithintelo.
• I-Echocardiogram: Uvavanyo lwe-ultrasound ukujonga ukusebenza kwentliziyo, kuquka amagumbi entliziyo kunye neevalvu.
• I-Angiogram: Kufakwa ulwelo olukhethekileyo kwimithambo yegazi kwaye kuthathwa i-X-ray ukuze kuchongwe indawo echanekileyo yokuvaleka kunye nokuncitshiswa kwemithambo.
• Iskeni se-MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging).
• Iskeni se-CT (Computed Tomography).
• Uvavanyo loxinzelelo lokuzivocavoca:Bajonga indlela intliziyo yakho esabela ngayo xa uzilolonga.
• I-Electrocardiogram (EKG/ECG): Irekhoda umsebenzi wombane wentliziyo.
• I-PET scan (i-Positron Emission Tomography scan): Ingabona izinto ezifana nomthamo wegazi elihamba liye kwizicwili.

Ugqirha uza kugqiba ngento omawuyenze ngezi mvavanyo ngokusekelwe kwimeko yakho.

Iphathwa njani i-Ischemia?

Injongo ephambili yokunyanga i-ischemia kukubuyisela ukuhamba kwegazi okwaneleyo kwinxalenye yomzimba engenawo umoya-mpilo. Oku kunokufezekiswa ngamayeza, utshintsho kwindlela yokuphila, kunye neenkqubo zonyango okanye utyando.

Amayeza

• Amayeza okwehlisa uxinzelelo lwegazi: Ukuba unesifo soxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu.
• Amayeza okunciphisa i-cholesterol: Lawula i-atherosclerosis.
• Izinto ezithintela ukugabha kwegazi - Izinto ezithintela ukugabha kwegazi: Zithintela ukwakheka kwamahlwili egazi kwaye zithintele ukugabha kwegazi okukhoyo ukuba kukhule.
• Ii-Antiplatelets: Olu luhlobo lonyango olunciphisa ukwakheka kwamahlwili egazi (umz. i-aspirin).
• I-Thrombolytics - Amayeza okunyibilikisa amahlwili egazi: La anikwa xa umthambo wegazi uvalwe ngequbuliso lihlwili legazi (umz., ukuhlaselwa yintliziyo, isifo sohlangothi).
• Ii-antibiotics ukuba kukho usulelo.

Utshintsho kwindlela yokuphila

Ezi zibaluleke kakhulu, kuba amayeza ewodwa awanelanga.

• Zilolonge umzimba ubuncinane iintsuku ezintlanu ngeveki, ubuncinane imizuzu engama-30 ngosuku.
• Ukugcina ubunzima obusempilweni.
• Ukuphepha ngokupheleleyo iimveliso zecuba.
• Yamkela ukutya okunesondlo: Yitya iziqhamo, imifuno, imifuno eluhlaza kunye nokutya okutyebileyo kwi-fiber. Nciphisa ioyile, iswekile kunye netyuwa.

Utyando okanye ezinye iinkqubo zonyango

Ngamanye amaxesha, ukuba amayeza odwa awanelanga, oogqirha banokwenza izinto ezinje:

• I-Angioplasty kunye ne-stenting: Umthambo wegazi onciphileyo uvuthelwa ngesixhobo esifana nebhaluni, kwaye kufakwa isixhobo esincinci esifana ne-mesh (i-stent) ukuze ungaphinde unciphe.
• Ukususwa kwe-Thrombectomy: Ukususwa kwehlwili legazi emthanjeni wegazi.
• Utyando lwe-peripheral artery bypass: Umthambo omtsha okanye umthambo wokwenziwa uqhagamshelwe kumthambo ovalekileyo ukuze kudalwe indlela entsha yokuhamba kwegazi.
• Utyando lwe-atherectomy: Lususa amafutha aqokelelene ngaphakathi kwemithambo yegazi.
• I-Coronary Artery Bypass Graft (CABG): Olu lutyando lwe-bypass olwenziwa kwimithambo yegazi yentliziyo.
• I-Endarterectomy: Utyando lokususa umaleko onamafutha ngaphakathi kwemithambo yegazi.
• Utyando lwe-Laparoscopic okanye i-laparotomy: Olu lutyando olwenziwa kwiimeko ze-ischemic zesisu.

Kuza kwenzeka ntoni ukuba ndine-ischemia?

I-Ischemia yalo naluphi na uhlobo iyingozi kwimpilo yakho. Oku kuthetha ukuba iiseli zakho azifumani ioksijini eziyidingayo ukuze ziphile. Imeko yomntu wonke yahlukile. Nangona kunjalo, okukhona ufumana unyango ngokukhawuleza, kokukhona iziphumo ziba ngcono. Umzekelo, ukuba une-ischemia yamalungu engalweni okanye emlenzeni, unethuba elingama-93% lokusindisa ilungu ukuba utyandwa ngoko nangoko. Kodwa ukuba utyandwa zingadlulanga iiyure ezi-8 emva kokuqala kwe-ischemia, elo nani liyehla liye kuma-78%.

Khawucinge nje, ukuba i-ischemia iyenzeka kwisitho esibalulekileyo esifana nengqondo okanye intliziyo, unyango olukhawulezileyo lunokuba ngumahluko phakathi kobomi nokufa. Yonke iminithi ibalulekile. Yiloo nto imisela ubungakanani bomonakalo obangelwe yi-ischemia kunye nendlela eya kuyichaphazela ngayo ubomi bakho bonke.

Indlela yokunciphisa umngcipheko wokuphuhlisa ischemia?

Ngethamsanqa, zininzi izinto esinokuzenza ukunciphisa umngcipheko wethu wokufumana ischemia:

• Yitya ukutya okunesondlo: izinto ezifana neziqhamo, imifuno, iimbotyi, kunye neenkozo ezipheleleyo.
• Sela amanzi aneleyo: Kuphephe ukuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni.
• Ziphephe ngokupheleleyo iimveliso zecuba.
• Yenza umthambo rhoqo.
• Lawula iimeko ezifana nesifo seswekile, uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu, kunye ne-cholesterol ephezulu enokubangela ischemia.

Ndingazinyamekela njani?

Ukuba une-ischemia, kubaluleke kakhulu ukusela amayeza akho njengoko ugqirha wakho ekuyalele, ungaphoswa lusuku olunye. Ukuba ulibele ukuwasela amayeza akho, seta i-alamu kwifowuni yakho. Okanye sebenzisa umququzeleli weepilisi ukuze ugcine amayeza akho ehlelekile emini.

Nokuba loluphi uhlobo lwe-ischemia onalo, ungazinyamekela ngokutshintsha imikhwa yakho yemihla ngemihla kunye nokulawula ezinye iimeko ezinokubangela i-ischemia.

Ndifanele ndimbone nini ugqirha wam?

Ungaphoswa kukudibana nogqirha wakho emva kokulandela. Mxelele ngazo naziphi na iingxaki ezingapheliyo okanye ezihlala zibuya. Mxelele ngazo naziphi na iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezivela kumayeza akho. Ukuba ukhe watyandwa okanye watyandwa ezinye iindlela zonyango, kuya kufuneka uye kugqirha ukuze ujonge ukuba uphilile na.

Ndingaya nini kwiYunithi yoNyango oluNgxamisekileyo (i-ETU) ?

Funa uncedo lwezonyango ngokukhawuleza ukuba ufumana ezi mpawu:

• Intlungu yesisu eqatha ngequbuliso.
• Iimpawu zokuhlaselwa yintliziyo okanye isifo sohlangothi: (umz. iintlungu eziqatha esifubeni, ubunzima bokuphefumla, ubunzima bokuthetha, ukugoba kwelinye icala lobuso, ukungaziva mnandi engalweni).
• Intlungu enganyamezelekiyo emlenzeni okanye ezinyaweni.

Ndingayibuza yiphi imibuzo ugqirha?

Ungabuza ugqirha wakho imibuzo efana nale:

• Kufuneka ndithathe amayeza achazwe ngugqirha ixesha elingakanani?
• Iyintoni ingozi yam yokuphuhlisa olunye uhlobo lwe-ischemia?
• Ngaba abantwana bam kunye namanye amalungu osapho basengozini enkulu yokufumana ischemia ngenxa yokuxilongwa kwam?
• Ndifanele ndikubone kangaphi?

Ukuba ukhe wahlangabezana nongxamiseko lwezonyango olunxulumene ne-ischemia, usenokuba uzibuza ukuba uza kulindela ntoni emva koko. Ugqirha wakho unokukukhokela kumanyathelo alandelayo kunyango lwakho. Kodwa kufuneka ucinge nangotshintsho oza kulwenza kubomi bakho bemihla ngemihla - nokuba lixesha elifutshane. Eli lixesha lokuqokelela abahlobo bakho nosapho lwakho. Basenokufuna ukunceda, kodwa basenokungazi ukuba bakwenze njani. Bacele ukuba benze imisebenzi okanye bancedise ngemisebenzi yasekhaya ngelixa uphila. Abanye banokukwazi ukunciphisa uloyiko lwakho kwaye bakwenze uhleke. Inkxaso yabanye inokuba luncedo olukhulu ekuphilekeni kwakho.

Isishwankathelo (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Ngoko ke, i-Ischemia, ngokulula nje, yimeko apho kukho ukunqongophala kweoksijini kwinxalenye yomzimba wethu ngenxa yokuncipha kokuhamba kwegazi. Oku kunokuchaphazela naliphi na ilungu lomzimba, kuquka intliziyo, ingqondo, amalungu kunye namathumbu. Kubalulekile ukufuna uncedo lwezonyango ngokukhawuleza xa kuvela iimpawu, njengoko unyango olukhawulezileyo lunokuthintela umonakalo omkhulu.

Ungakhathazeki, kukho unyango olufanelekileyo lwe-ischemia. Singakuthintela oku ngokwamkela indlela yokuphila enempilo nokulawula izinto ezinokubangela umngcipheko. Kubalulekile ukulandela icebiso likagqirha wakho kwaye uye kuhlolwa rhoqo. Awuwedwa, kwaye baninzi abantu abanokukunceda kolu hambo.

I- Ischemia, I-Ischemia, Ukujikeleza kwegazi, Ukunqongophala kweoksijini, Uhlaselo lwentliziyo, Istroke, Iimpawu, Unyango, I-Atherosclerosis