Oko kufuneka ukwazi malunga nokusilela kwezintso

Izintso sisitho esincinci kodwa esibaluleke kakhulu emzimbeni wethu. Zifana nezihluzo ezimbini ezinkulu ezihluza inkunkuma emzimbeni wethu. Kodwa kwenzeka ntoni ukuba ezi zihluzo zimbini ziyeka ukusebenza, nokuba kancinci okanye ngequbuliso? Yiloo nto siyibiza ngokuba yi-kidney failure ngokwezonyango. Kubaluleke kakhulu kuthi sonke ukuba siyiqaphele le meko. Kuba, ukuba siyiqaphela kwangethuba, sinokulawula umonakalo enokubangelwa yiyo kakhulu. Ngoko ke, masithethe ngale nto ngokweenkcukacha.

Ngamafutshane, yintoni umsebenzi wezi zintso?

Izintso zakho zizitho ezimbini ezimile okwembotyi ezilingana nesandla sakho. Zifumaneka emqolo wakho, ngaphantsi nje kwembambo yakho. Uninzi lwabantu lunezintso ezimbini ezisebenzayo, kodwa ukuba intso enye isebenza kakuhle, kwanele ukuba uphile ubomi obusempilweni.

Izintso zinemisebenzi emininzi. Eyona ibalulekileyo nebalulekileyo kuzo kukucoca igazi lethu . Njengesihluzo samanzi ekhaya, izintso zihluza yonke inkunkuma engafunekiyo kunye neetyhefu egazini lethu zize ziyikhuphe emzimbeni njengomchamo .

Khawucinge ngento enokwenzeka ukuba esi sihluzo siqhekeka. Yiloo nto eyenzekayo xa izintso zakho zingasebenzi kakuhle. Iityhefu emzimbeni wakho ziqala ukuqokelelana emzimbeni wakho endaweni yokuba zikwazi ukuphuma. Xa oko kusenzeka, uqala ukuziva ugula, kwaye ukuba awunyangwa, kunokuba yingozi ebomini. Kodwa ungakhathazeki, ngonyango olufanelekileyo, abantu abaninzi banokulawula le meko baze baphile ubomi obuhle.

Zithini izigaba ezintlanu zesifo sezintso?

Kukho indlela ekhethekileyo yokulinganisa esetyenziswa ngoogqirha ukulinganisa ukuba isifo sezintso sibi kangakanani. Ibizwa ngokuba yi -eGFR (iGlomerular Filtration Rate eqikelelweyo) . Eli lixabiso elifunyenwe kuvavanyo lwakho lwegazi. Ngamafutshane, eli xabiso le-eGFR likuxelela indlela izintso zakho ezihluza ngayo inkunkuma. Ixabiso le-eGFR lomntu ophilileyo lingaphezulu kwama-90. Okukhona eli xabiso liphantsi, kokukhona izintso zakho zingasebenzi kakuhle.

Isifo sezintso sinokwahlulwa sibe ngamanqanaba amahlanu aphambili.

Ziziphi iimpawu eziphambili zokulumkisa ngokungasebenzi kakuhle kwezintso?

Njengoko bekutshiwo ngaphambili, kusenokungabikho zimpawu kwizigaba zokuqala. Nangona kunjalo, njengoko ukusebenza kwezintso kuyehla, unokufumana enye okanye ngaphezulu kwezi mpawu zilandelayo:

• Ukuziva udiniwe kakhulu ukuba ungenza nantoni na (ukudinwa): Akupheleli nje ekudinweni okuqhelekileyo, kodwa kukuziva udiniwe nokuba ulala kangakanani na.
• Isicaphucaphu nokuhlanza: Isicaphucaphu nokuhlanza kunye nokulahlekelwa ngumdla wokutya.
• Ukudideka okanye ubunzima bokugxila: Ubunzima bokugxila, ukulibala izinto.
• Ukudumba (edema): Ukudumba, ingakumbi ezandleni, emaqatheni, ezinyaweni nasebusweni. Kuvakala ngathi yi-dimple xa ucinezela ngomnwe.
• Utshintsho kwimijikelo yokuchama: Ungaqala ukuchama kakhulu okanye kancinci kunesiqhelo. Ngamanye amaxesha unokubona umchamo onamagwebu okanye onegazi.
• Ukuqaqamba kwemisipha: Ukuqaqamba kwemisipha emilenzeni nasezingalweni.
• Ulusu olomileyo nolurhawuzelayo: Xa iityhefu zingasuswanga kakuhle kwizintso, ulusu lunokuba lomile kwaye lurhawuzele ngendlela enganyamezelekiyo.
• Umnqweno Wokutya: Usenokungaziva ufuna ukutya, kwaye unokubona incasa yesinyithi (njengesinyithi) ekutyeni okutyayo.

Ukuba nezi mpawu akuthethi ukuba unesifo sezintso. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba unesinye okanye ngaphezulu kwezi mpawu, kubalulekile ukubona ugqirha wakho ngoko nangoko ukuze akunike ingcebiso .

Zithini izizathu eziphambili zokungasebenzi kakuhle kwezintso?

Ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwezintso kunokwenzeka ngeendlela ezimbini eziphambili. Enye yiChronic Kidney Disease (CKD), ekhula kancinci ngokuhamba kwexesha . Enye yiAcute Kidney Injury, eyenzeka ngequbuliso .

Izizathu eziphambili zesifo sezintso esingapheliyo (CKD)

Kukho izizathu ezibini eziphambili zokuba abantu abaninzi kwilizwe lethu babe nesifo sezintso.

1. Isifo seswekile: Isifo seswekile esingalawulekiyo sibangela ukuba amanqanaba eswekile egazini ahlale ephezulu. Le swekile igqithisileyo yonakalisa imithambo yegazi ethambileyo kwizintso, njengomhlwa odla isidumbu. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, lo monakalo unciphisa amandla ezintso okucoca igazi.

2. Uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu: Uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu luthetha ukuba igazi lihamba ngemithambo yegazi ngamandla agqithisileyo. Xa la mandla agqithisileyo eqhubeka, izicubu ezithambileyo zezintso ziyakonakala. Oku kukwangunobangela omkhulu wokungasebenzi kakuhle kwezintso.

Ukongeza kwezi zizathu zimbini ziphambili, kukho nezinye izizathu:

• Isifo sezintso esinePolycystic (PKD): Esi sisifo semfuza esidluliselwa kwizizukulwana ngezizukulwana. Kule meko, ii-cysts ezizaliswe lulwelo (ii-cysts) zenzeka ngaphakathi kwezintso, nto leyo enokonakalisa izintso njengoko zikhula.
• Izifo ze-Glomerular: Ezi zizifo ezichaphazela iiyunithi zokucoca izintso.
• Izifo ezizikhusela ngokwazo: Kwizifo ezifana ne-lupus, inkqubo yethu yokuzikhusela komzimba ihlasela kwaye yonakalise izintso.

Izizathu zokungasebenzi kakuhle kwezintso ngesiquphe

Oku kungenzeka ngequbuliso, kwiiyure okanye kwiintsuku ezimbalwa. Nangona kunjalo, uninzi lwexesha, le meko iyenzeka okwexeshana kwaye inokunyangeka ngonyango olufanelekileyo.

• Amayeza athile: ingakumbi ukusetyenziswa kwexesha elide kwezithomalalisi zentlungu.
• Ukuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni kakhulu: Ukungangenisi manzi aneleyo emzimbeni.
• Ukuvaleka kwendlela yomchamo: Ukuvalwa komchamo ngenxa yamatye omchamo okanye ezinye izizathu.
• Ezinye izifo ezinganyangwanga: Izifo ezinzulu ezifana nesifo sentliziyo okanye isifo sesibindi.

Indlela yokuxilonga isifo sezintso?

Ukuba ugqirha wakho ukrokrela ukuba unesifo sezintso, banokwenza iimvavanyo ezininzi ukuqinisekisa ukuba unesifo eso.

• Uvavanyo lwegazi: Olu vavanyo lujonga ikakhulu amanqanaba enkunkuma efana ne-creatinine kunye ne-urea egazini. Ukuba izintso azisebenzi kakuhle, amanqanaba azo ayanda egazini. Ixabiso le-eGFR likwabalwa kolu vavanyo lwegazi.
• Uvavanyo lomchamo: Umchamo wakho uza kuhlolwa ukuba awunayo iproteni okanye igazi. Izintso eziphilileyo azidli ngokukhupha iproteni. Iiproteni emchameni luphawu lokuba inkqubo yokucoca izintso yonakele.
• Uvavanyo lwemifanekiso: I-ultrasound scan, i-CT scan, okanye i-MRI scan yezintso inokujonga ubungakanani, imilo, kunye nokuba khona kwayo nayiphi na imiqobo okanye iithumba.

Ziziphi iindlela zonyango zokungasebenzi kakuhle kwezintso?

Ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwezintso yimeko enganyangekiyo, engapheliyo. Kodwa ungakhathazeki. Injongo ephambili yonyango kukugcina ukusebenza kwezintso okuseleyo ixesha elide kangangoko kunokwenzeka nokulawula ukuqhubela phambili kwesi sifo.

Iindlela zonyango ziyahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwisizathu kunye nobunzima besifo.

Unyango ngamayeza

Ugqirha wakho unokukunika amayeza anjengala, kuxhomekeke kwisizathu semeko:

• Amayeza oxinzelelo lwegazi: Amayeza afana ne-ACE inhibitors okanye ii-ARB.
• I-Diuretics: Amayeza anceda ekususeni amanzi agqithisileyo emzimbeni ngomchamo.
• Amayeza okwehlisa i-cholesterol (ii-Statins): Anciphisa umngcipheko wesifo sentliziyo.
• Amayeza okunyanga i-anemia: Abantu abanesifo sezintso basenokuba nokuveliswa kweeseli ezibomvu zegazi okunciphileyo. Amayeza anceda koku.
• IVithamin D kunye neCalcium: Gcina amathambo eqinile.

Unyango xa isifo sinzima

Xa isifo sezintso sifikelele kwinqanaba lokugqibela (iSigaba V), kufuneka unyango olukhethekileyo ukuze umntu asinde. Kukho iindlela ezimbini eziphambili zonyango.

1. I-Dialysis:

Oku kuquka ukusebenzisa umatshini ukucoca igazi endaweni yokucoca izintso ezingasebenziyo. Kukho iintlobo ezimbini ze-dialysis:

• I-Hemodialysis: Kule nto, igazi lakho lithunyelwa kumatshini ohluza inkunkuma kwaye ubuyisele igazi elicocekileyo emzimbeni wakho. Oku kudla ngokufuna ukuba uye esibhedlele okanye kwiziko le-dialysis iintsuku ezintathu okanye ezine ngeveki.
• I-Peritoneal Dialysis:Apha, kufakwa ityhubhu (i-catheter) kwisisu sakho kwaye kufakwa ulwelo olukhethekileyo ngalo. Olu lwelo lufunxa inkunkuma egazini lakho kwisisu. Emva koko ulwelo oluqulethe inkunkuma luyakhutshwa kwakhona. Oku ngamanye amaxesha kunokwenziwa ekhaya.

2. Ukufakelwa Kwezintso:

Olu lolona nyango lubalaseleyo lwesifo sezintso esikwinqanaba lokugqibela. Kule meko, izintso eziphilileyo zifakwa emzimbeni ngotyando ukuze kuthathelwe indawo izintso ezonakeleyo. Le zintso iphilileyo inokufumaneka kumntu oswelekileyo okanye kumntu ophilayo. Emva kokufakelwa izintso, umzimba kuya kufuneka uthathe amayeza ubomi bawo bonke ukuthintela ukuba izintso ezintsha zingaliwa.

Ngaba isifo sezintso singathintelwa kwaye silawulwe?

Nangona isifo sezintso singenakukwazi ukutshintshwa ngokupheleleyo, izinga lokuqhubela phambili kwesi sifo linokulawulwa kakhulu ngokwamkela indlela yokuphila enempilo kunye nokulandela iingcebiso zonyango ezifanelekileyo.

• Ukuba unesifo seswekile , gcina amanqanaba eswekile egazini lakho ekwinqanaba elifanelekileyo .
• Ukuba une- high blood pressure , yilawule ngokufanelekileyo .
• Kuphephe ukutshaya ngokupheleleyo.
• Nciphisa ukutya okunetyuwa eninzi kunye ne-potassium. Nxibelelana nogqirha wakho okanye ingcali yesondlo ngale nto.
• Musa ukuqhubeka nokusebenzisa ii-painkillers (NSAIDs) ngaphandle kokubonisana nogqirha.
• Gcina zonke iimvavanyo kunye namadinga amiselwe ngugqirha ngexesha.