Kutheni le nto kukhohlela oku? (Khohlela) - Masifumanise ukuba yintoni kanye kanye le khohlela icaphukisayo!

Ukukhohlela yinto esihlala siyibona. Ngamanye amaxesha, ukukhohlela okuza nomkhuhlane omncinci kuyaphela kwiintsuku ezimbini okanye ezintathu. Kodwa ezinye ukukhohlela zihlala iinyanga, azisivumeli nokuba silale ebusuku, kwaye kuyasityhafisa ngokupheleleyo. Ngoko ke, yintoni kanye kanye le khohlela? Kutheni sikhohlela? Ngaba zonke iikhohlela ziyafana? Masithethe ngazo zonke ezi zinto ngokweenkcukacha nangokulula namhlanje.

Yintoni ukukhwehlela? Kutheni sikhwehlela?

Ngamafutshane, ukukhohlela yindlela yokuzikhusela emzimbeni wethu. Ngokuchanekileyo, kukuphendula ngokuzenzekelayo (reflex) . Ukuba kukho into engafunekiyo okanye ecaphukisayo ebambeke emqaleni okanye esifubeni sakho (`(Airways)`), umzimba uyakhohlela ukuze uyikhuphe. Cinga ngako, ukuba ngequbuliso ukrwitshwa kukutya ngelixa usitya, uyakhohlela, kunjalo.

Zithini ezi zinto zicaphukisayo?

• Uthuli nomsi: Amasuntswana othuli olukwindawo esingqongileyo, umsi wemoto, kunye nomsi wecuba zinokubangela ukukhwehlela xa zingena kwindlela yokuphefumla.
• I-Mucus: Xa sinesifo esifana nomkhuhlane, iindlela zethu zomoya zivelisa i-mucus eninzi. Umzimba uyakhohlela ukuze kususwe le mucus.
• Iintsholongwane : Xa kukho usulelo olubangelwa yintsholongwane, lukwacaphukisa neendlela zomoya.

Ngoko ke ukukhwehlela yinto eyenziwa yimizimba yethu ukusikhusela. Nangona kunjalo, ukukhwehlela okungapheliyo kunokuba yinto ecaphukisayo kakhulu.

Ziziphi izizathu eziphambili zokukhwehlela?

Zininzi izizathu zokukhohlela. Ezinye zincinci kakhulu, ngelixa ezinye zifuna ingqalelo encinci. Makhe sijonge izizathu eziphambili.

• Umkhuhlane oqhelekileyo kunye nomkhuhlane (`(Umkhuhlane)`): Ezi zezona zinto zixhaphakileyo zokukhohlela. Ezi meko zibangelwa zizifo ezibangelwa ziintsholongwane. Ezi zifo zihlala ziphela kwiintsuku ezimbalwa ukuya kwiiveki okanye ezimbini.

• Isifuba somoya: Isifuba somoya sisizathu esikhulu sokukhohlela kubantu abaninzi, ingakumbi abantwana abancinci. Xa unesifuba somoya, iindlela zakho zomoya ziyadumba, zinciphe, zize zizaliswe yi-mucus. Oku kwenza kube nzima ukuphefumla kwaye kubangela ukukhohlela. Kwabanye abantwana, ukukhohlela okungapheliyo kusenokuba luphawu olulodwa lokuba banesifuba somoya. Olu khohlela lunokuba mandundu, ingakumbi ebusuku okanye ngexesha lokuzilolonga.

• Ii-aleji kunye nezinto ezibangela ukurhawuzelelwa: Abanye abantu bane-aleji kwizinto ezifana nothuli, i-pollen, kunye ne-dander yezilwanyana, ezinokubangela ukukhwehlela. Ngokufanayo, izinto ezifana nomsi wecuba, ivumba elibi, kunye nongcoliseko lomoya nazo zinokucaphukisa iindlela zomoya kwaye zibangele ukukhwehlela.

• I-Bronchitis (I-Bronchitis):Kulapho ke iindlela eziphambili zomoya (i-bronchi) ezikhokelela emiphungeni zisuleleka kwaye zidumbe. I-bronchitis ebukhali idla ngokubangelwa yintsholongwane kwaye inokuvela emva komkhuhlane. I-bronchitis engapheliyo yimeko embi kakhulu kwaye idla ngokuvela kubantu abatshayayo.

• I-Pneumonia: Olu luhlobo losulelo oluchaphazela imiphunga. Iimpawu zingabandakanya ukukhwehlela, umkhuhlane, ubunzima bokuphefumla , kunye nentlungu yesifuba. I-Pneumonia yimeko ekufuneka ibonwe ngugqirha ngokuqinisekileyo.

• I-Sinusitis kunye ne-Postnasal Drip: Ii-Sinuses ziimingxuma ezingaphakathi kobuso bethu. I-Sinusitis yenzeka xa ezi zisuleleka. Emva koko i-mucus iqala ukuphuma iye ngasemva emqaleni (i-Postnasal Drip). Oku kunokubangela ukukhwehlela, ingakumbi ebusuku.

• Isifo seGastroesophageal Reflux (GERD): Kwabanye abantu, i-asidi yesisu inganyuka kwi-esophagus ize ivuse umphimbo. Oku kunokubangela ukukhwehlela okomileyo, ingakumbi emva nje kokutya okanye xa ulele.

• Amayeza athile: Amanye amayeza oxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu (afana ne-ACE inhibitors) anokubangela ukukhwehlela okomileyo njengesiphumo esingesihle. Ukuba usela nawaphi na amayeza, xelela ugqirha wakho ukuba ukhwehlela kwakhona.

• Ezinye izizathu: Ukongeza koku, kwiimeko ezingaqhelekanga, ukukhwehlela okungapheliyo kunokubangelwa zizifo ezinzima ezifana nesifo sephepha (TB) kunye nomhlaza wemiphunga . Nangona kunjalo, ezi azixhaphakanga kakhulu, ngoko ungakhathazeki ngezi zinto kuba nje ukhwehlela okungapheliyo. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba ukhwehlela okungapheliyo okungapheliyo, ngokuqinisekileyo kuya kufuneka ubone ugqirha. Njengoko usazi, ukukhwehlela kukwaluphawu olukhulu lwe-COVID-19.

Ngaba kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zokukhwehlela?

Ewe, ukukhwehlela kunokwahlulwahlulwa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo. Olu hlobo lokwahlulwahlulwa lukwanceda oogqirha ukuba bafumane unobangela.

Ukukhwehlela Okomileyo vs Ukukhwehlela Okusebenzayo/Okumanzi

• Ukukhwehlela okomileyo : Olu hlobo lokukhwehlela aluvelisi i-mucus. Luvakala ngathi lukrwempa emqaleni. Olu hlobo lokukhwehlela lunokwenzeka rhoqo ngexesha lokuqala kosulelo lwentsholongwane, i-asthma, i-GERD, kunye namanye amayeza.
• Ukukhohlela kwe-mucus: Kule meko, i-mucus iveliswa xa kukhohlela. Umbala (omhlophe, omthubi, oluhlaza) kunye nobukhulu be-mucus bunokunika umbono othile ngohlobo losulelo. Ukukhohlela kwe-mucus kubonakala kwiimeko ezifana ne-`(Bronchitis)` kunye ne-`(Pneumonia)`.

Ukukhwehlela Okubukhali vs Ukukhwehlela Okungapheliyo

• Ukukhwehlela ngequbuliso (`(Ukukhwehlela Okubukhali)`):Olu lukhwehlela oluhlala ixesha elingaphantsi kweeveki ezi-3. Ludla ngokubangelwa zizinto ezifana nomkhuhlane, i-flu, kunye ne-`(Acute Bronchitis)`.
• Ukukhwehlela okungapheliyo (`(Ukukhwehlela okungapheliyo)`): Eli ligama esilinika ukukhwehlela okuhlala iiveki ezingaphezu kwe-8. Zininzi izizathu zoku. I-Asthma , `(GERD)`, `(Chronic Bronchitis)`, `(Postnasal Drip)` zezona ziphambili. Ngamanye amaxesha, ukukhwehlela kunokuqhubeka nokuba kukho izizathu ezininzi ezidibanayo.

Ukukhwehlela Kwasebusuku

Ezinye izikhohlela ziyakhathaza ebusuku kunasemini. Abantu abane-asthma, i-GERD, kunye ne-postnasal drip banokuba nokukhohlela okubi ngakumbi ebusuku.

Ukukhwehlela okubangelwa kukuzilolonga

Abanye abantu, ingakumbi abo bane-asthma, banokukhwehlela ngexesha okanye emva kokuzilolonga. Oku kusenokuba ngenxa yemeko ebizwa ngokuba yi-"Exercise-induced bronchoconstriction".

Masiqaphele ngakumbi ukukhwehlela ebantwaneni abancinci.

Kuqhelekile kakhulu ukuba abantwana abancinci bakhwehlele. Amajoni abo omzimba asakhula, ngoko ke badla ngokuba neengqele, imikhuhlane, kunye nokukhwehlela.

Kungokwemvelo ukuba abazali bakhathazeke xa umntwana omncinci ekhohlela. Kodwa akuyonto yonke ekufanele yoyikwe.

Nangona kunjalo, kukho amaxesha apho kufuneka silumke ngakumbi malunga nokukhwehlela ebantwaneni abancinci:

• Isifuba somoya: Njengoko bekutshiwo ngaphambili, isifuba somoya sinokuba sisizathu esikhulu sokukhohlela okungapheliyo ebantwaneni. Lumka xa kukho ukukhohlela okuya kuba mandundu ebusuku kunye nokukhohlela okwenzekayo ngexesha lokudlala.
• Ukukhohlela okungapheliyo (iPertussis): Olu luhlobo oluyingozi losulelo olubangelwa yintsholongwane. Lubangela ukukhohlela ngokukhawuleza kangangokuba awukwazi nokuphefumla, kwaye ekugqibeleni uphefumla ngesandi esithi "whoop". Kukho iyeza lokugonya, qiniseka ukuba ulithatha ngokufanelekileyo.
• I-Croup: Le yimeko apho iindlela zomoya eziphezulu zidumba, nto leyo ebangela ukukhohlela okukhonkothayo. Kusenokubakho isandi somlozi (stridor) xa uphefumla.
• Ukuminxeka: Ngamanye amaxesha abantwana abancinci banokubanjwa yinto ethile emigudwini yabo yomoya ngenxa yezinto abazifake emlonyeni wabo. Oku kufanele kuqwalaselwe nokuba bakhwehlela ngequbuliso, okanye banengxaki yokuphefumla.

Ukuba ukukhwehlela komntwana wakho akupheli kwiintsuku ezimbalwa, ukuba unengxaki yokuphefumla, ukuba unomkhuhlane, ukuba akatyi kakuhle, ukuba udiniwe kwaye akadlali, ngokuqinisekileyo mse kugqirha.

Ngawaphi amayeza asekhaya okukhwehlela?

Akunyanzelekanga ukuba ubalekele kugqirha ngalo lonke ixesha xa ukhwehlela. Ukuba ukhwehlela nje, kukho izinto ezimbalwa onokuzenza ekhaya.

• Sela amanzi amaninzi: Ukusela amanzi amaninzi, njengamanzi ashushu kunye nesobho, kuya kuwufumisa umqala wakho kwaye kuncede ekunciphiseni i-mucus, okwenza kube lula ukuphuma.
• Ubusi:Abantwana abangaphezu konyaka omnye ubudala kunye nabantu abadala banokunikwa ithisipuni yobusi. Ubusi buyanciphisa umphimbo obuhlungu kwaye buyathomalalisa ukukhwehlela. Nangona kunjalo, musa ukunika ubusi iintsana ezingaphantsi konyaka omnye ubudala.
• Ukuphefumla ngomphunga: Ukuphefumla ngomphunga kwibhotile yamanzi ashushu kunokunceda ukufumisa imigudu yomoya kunye nokukhulula i-mucus. Nangona kunjalo, kufuneka ulumke kakhulu xa uphefumla ngomphunga kubantwana abancinci, kuba ungabatshisa. Kukwangumbono olungileyo ukuvula itephu yamanzi ashushu kwigumbi lokuhlambela uze uhlale emphunga okwethutyana.
• Ziphephe iindawo ezinecuba. Sula uthuli olucocekileyo endlwini yakho. Nciphisa ukusebenzisa ii-``(Air fresheners)`` kunye neevumba ezinevumba elinamandla.
• Ukuphumla: Ukuphumla komzimba kulungile nakwesiphi na isifo.
• Hlamba ngamanzi anetyuwa: Ukuba unesihlungu somqala, ukuhlamba ngamanzi anetyuwa afudumeleyo kunokunika isiqabu.
• Iisiraphu zokukhohlela ezithengiswa ngaphandle kwekhawuntara (iisiraphu zokukhohlela ze-OTC): Nangona ezi zinokubonelela ngoncedo lwexeshana kwezinye izikhohlela, azisebenzi kuzo zonke izikhohlela. Ezinye iziraphu zokukhohlela azifanelekanga kubantwana abancinci. Eyona nto ingcono onokuyenza kukufumana unobangela wokukhohlela uze uwunyange. Ngoko ke soloko uqhagamshelana nogqirha ngaphambi kokuba uthathe amayeza.

Ufanele ukhathazeke nini ngokukhwehlela? Ufanele uye nini kugqirha!

Nangona uninzi lokukhwehlela luphela kwiintsuku ezimbalwa, ngamanye amaxesha kufuneka sifune ingcebiso kugqirha. Qaphela ezi "mpawu ze-red flag":

• Ubunzima bokuphefumla okanye ukuphefumla kancinci.
• Ukuba wenza isandi sokuphefumla xa uphefumla.
• Ukuba unentlungu eqatha esifubeni .
• Ukuba ukhwehlela igazi nge-mucus .
• Umkhuhlane ophezulu (umz., ongaphezulu kwe-102°F / 38.9°C) ohlala iintsuku ezininzi, okanye umkhuhlane onganciphiyo.
• Umkhuhlane ophindaphindayo.
• Ukuba ngequbuliso wehla ubunzima ngendlela engenakucingelwa.
• Ukuba ukukhwehlela bekukhona kangangeeveki ezingaphezu kwe-3-4 kwaye kuya kusiba mandundu imihla ngemihla.
• Ukuba ngumntwana omncinci, ukuba akafuni ukutya okanye ukusela, ukuba akadlali kwaye unomsindo, ukuba ulele kakhulu .
• Ukuba imilebe okanye ubuso bubonakala bujika bube luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka (`(Cyanosis)`).
• Kungcono ukubona ugqirha ngokukhawuleza ukuba ungumntu omdala okanye umntu onezinye izifo ezingapheliyo (umz. isifo seswekile, isifo sentliziyo) ukhwehlela.

Ukuba unayo nayiphi na kwezi mpawu, musa ukuchitha ixesha uye kugqirha.

Ugqirha ufumana njani unobangela wokukhwehlela?

Xa usiya kugqirha, uza kuqala akubuze imibuzo embalwa.

• Uqale nini ukukhohlela?
• Ingaba kukukhwehlela okomileyo okanye kukukhwehlela okune-phlegm? Ngowuphi umbala we-phlegm?
• Ngaba ukhwehlela kakhulu ebusuku okanye emini?
• Ngaba kukho ezinye iimpawu (umkhuhlane, ukugodola, iintlungu zesifuba)?
• Uyatshaya?
• Ngaba usela amayeza kwezinye izifo?
• Ngaba kukho omnye umntu ekhaya okhwehlelayo?

Ugqirha uza kukuhlola, ingakumbi ukuphulaphula isifuba sakho nge-stethoscope (`(Auscultation)`).

Uninzi lwexesha, olu lwazi kunye novavanyo lunokunceda ekufumaneni unobangela wokukhwehlela kwakho. Nangona kunjalo, ngamanye amaxesha uvavanyo olongezelelweyo lunokufuneka. Umzekelo:

• I-X-ray yesifuba: Ukufumanisa izifo ezifana ne-pneumonia kunye nesifo sephepha.
• Uvavanyo lomsebenzi wokuphefumla (i-Spirometry): Ukuchonga izifo ezifana ne-asthma.
• Mhlawumbi uvavanyo lwegazi, uvavanyo lwesikhohlela.

Kuphela emva kwezi mvavanyo apho ugqirha aya kukunika unyango olufanelekileyo lokukhwehlela kwakho.

Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya

Sithethe kakhulu ngokukhwehlela namhlanje. Okokugqibela, khumbula ezi zinto:

• Ukukhwehlela akusisifo, kodwa luphawu. Luphawu lokuba kukho into engalunganga emzimbeni.
• Amaxesha amaninzi, ukukhwehlela kubangelwa zizizathu ezilula (njengomkhuhlane) kwaye kuyaphela kwiintsuku ezimbalwa.
• Ungaze ungayihoyi into yokuba kukho ukukhwehlela okungapheliyo, okanye ukukhwehlela okuneempawu "zokukhanya okubomvu" ezikhankanyiweyo ngaphambili. Ngokuqinisekileyo bonana nogqirha.
• Ukuphepha ukutshaya nokungasebenzisi izinto ezibangela ukucaphuka njengothuli nomsi kunokunceda ekunciphiseni ukukhwehlela.
• Kububulumko ukufuna ingcebiso kugqirha nokufuna unyango kunokuthenga nje isiraphu yokukhwehlela kwikhemesti.

Ukuba unesikhwehlela esibuhlungu, ungoyiki ukubona ugqirha ukuze ufumane unobangela kwaye ufumane unyango olufanelekileyo. Emva koko ungaphila ngokukhawuleza!

Ukukhwehlela , i-Phlegm, i-Asthma, umkhuhlane, i-Bronchitis, i-Pneumonia, i-GERD