Impethu esweni? Ayisekho, akunjalo? Makhe sithethe ngale 'Loiasis'!

Ngaba wakha wacinga ngokubona impethu encinci ihamba ngaphakathi kweliso lakho? Owu, ikwenza ungcangcazele xa ucinga ngayo, akunjalo? Kodwa, le yinto yokwenyani. Le yinto oogqirha abayibiza ngokuba yi-'Loiasis'. Abanye abantu bayibiza ngokuba yi-'African eyeworm.' Ke namhlanje, masithethe kancinci ngesi sifo, esi sifo sempethu. Kuba kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba wonke umntu azi izinto ezinje.

Yintoni i-'Loiasis'? Ngamafutshane...

Ngamafutshane, i-'Loiasis' sisifo esibangelwa luhlobo oluthile lwempethu ebizwa ngokuba yi-'Loa loa'. Esi sisifo sempethu esibangelwa zizinambuzane. Ngokuchanekileyo, sikwiqela lezifo zempethu ezibizwa ngokuba yi-'filariasis'. I-'Filariasis' sisifo esibangelwa yi-'filarial worms', oko kukuthi, uhlobo lwempethu ebhityileyo efana nomsonto.

Ngoko ke le mbungu ingena njani emizimbeni yethu? Oku kwenzeka xa uhlobo lwempukane ebizwa ngokuba yi-'deerfly' (abanye abantu bayibiza ngokuba yi-'mango fly' okanye 'mangrove fly') isiluma. Kodwa ezi mpukane azikho kuyo yonke indawo. Zifumaneka kakhulu kwaye zizalela kwezinye iindawo zemvula eNtshona naseMbindini weAfrika. Ngoko ke abantu abahlala kwezo ndawo okanye abaya kwezo ndawo basengozini.

Xa ezi zinambuzane zeLoa loa zingena emizimbeni yethu, ziqala ukuphila nokuzala. Zihlala zikhetha ukuhlala kwezi ndawo emizimbeni yethu:

• Egazini lakho (`Igazi`)
• Kwimiphunga (`Imiphunga`)
• Inkqubo ye-lymphatic - Le yinxalenye yenkqubo yomzimba wethu yokuzikhusela, kwaye ezinye iiseli zegazi ziveliswa apha.
• Kwizicwili eziphantsi kolusu (`Izicwili ezingaphantsi kolusu`)

Ngubani onokuphuhlisa oku kakhulu?

I-Loiasis yingxaki enkulu kwiindawo zaseNtshona naseMbindini weAfrika. Kuqikelelwa ukuba abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-29 basengozini yokufumana esi sifo. Baninzi abantu abo, akunjalo?

Ngaba impethu iya kuba yimfama ngokwenene ukuba ingena elisweni lakho? (Le yinto abantu abaninzi abayoyikayo)

Enyanisweni, ukubona impethu ihamba ngaphakathi kweliso lakho kunokuba ngamava angathandekiyo nayiyoyikisayo. Kunzima ukuyicinga. Kodwa into ebalulekileyo kukuba ezi mpethu ze-'Loa loa' (ezimalunga ne-2.5 ukuya kwi-7.5 centimeters ubude) azisoloko zikwenza ungaboni. Kwaye azisoloko zibangela umonakalo omkhulu elisweni.

Nantsi into eyenzekayo: Impethu idlula elisweni ize iphinde ingene emzimbeni emva kwexesha elithile. Ugqirha angayisusa impethu ebonakala ngaphezulu kweliso ngotyando oluncinci. Kodwa khumbula, ukususa impethu enje akunyangi lonke usulelo. Kufuneka inyangwe yodwa.

Zithini iimpawu zeLoiasis?

Okumangalisayo kukuba, uninzi lwabantu abane-loiasis abanazo iimpawu. Abazi nokuba banayo le mbungu emizimbeni yabo. Nangona kunjalo, abanye abantu banokufumana iimpawu ezifana nezi:

• Ukuziva udiniwe kakhulu (`Ukudinwa`).
• Iyarhawuzelela umzimba wonke.
• Kuvela amabala arhawuzelelayo, avuvukileyo, okanye abuhlungu emzimbeni, ingakumbi ajikeleze amalungu afana namadolo kunye neengqiniba. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-"Calabar swellings." Oku kuvuvukala kunokuphela kwiintsuku ezimbalwa, kodwa kunokuphinda kuvele emva kweentsuku okanye iiveki ezimbalwa.
• Intlungu kwizihlunu okanye kumalungu.
• Ungayibona impethu ihambahamba phantsi kwesikhumba. Ifana neliza lesikhumba.
• Impethu inokubonwa ikhasa kwi-conjunctiva (i-membrane encinci egubungela umhlophe weliso kunye nangaphakathi kwe-eyelid). Yile nto eyoyikisa abantu abaninzi.

Khawuthelekelele, xa udidekile, ngequbuliso uziva into ethile ihamba phambi kweliso lakho. Xa uzijonga esipilini, uziva into efana nomsonto omncinci uhamba phambi kweliso lakho! Kungayoyikisa kangakanani oko?

Yintoni ebangela iLoiasis? Isasazeka njani?

Njengoko besitshilo ngaphambili, iLoiasis isasazeka xa impukane enesifo iluma ulusu lwakho. Iimpukane ezithwala usulelo lwemibungu yeLoa loa ziimpukane zeenyamakazi kunye neempukane ze-mangrove. Ezi mpukane zifumaneka eAfrika kuphela. Xa ezi mpukane ziluma umntu onesifo, zimunca igazi kwaye zifake iimpethu (ezibizwa ngokuba zii-microfilariae, eziziimpethu ezincinci kakhulu, ezincinci kakhulu) kwimpukane. Emva koko, xa impukane iluma omnye umntu, iimpethu zingena emzimbeni waloo mntu.

Xa ezi ntshulube zincinci, ezibizwa ngokuba yi-"microfilariae," zingena emzimbeni wakho, kuthatha iinyanga ezininzi ukuba zikhule zibe ziincukuthu ezindala. Njengoko zikhula, zinokuhamba ziye kwizicubu zomzimba wakho nakwizitho zomzimba, njengemiphunga yakho. Kuphela xa iintshulube ezindala zingaphakathi emzimbeni wakho apho unokuzibona ngamanye amaxesha zihamba phantsi kolusu lwakho okanye ngamehlo akho.

Kodwa kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba amathuba okuba ufumane i-loiasis ngohambo olufutshane oluya eAfrika mancinci kakhulu. Uninzi lwabantu abafumana esi sifo kufuneka balunywe ziimpukane ezineentsholongwane izihlandlo ezininzi kangangeenyanga. Oku kuthetha ukuba awufumani esi sifo kwimpukane enye kuphela.

Ingaba iLoiasis iyasulela ukusuka komnye umntu ukuya komnye?

Le yingxaki kubantu abaninzi. Hayi, iLoiasis ayisasazeki ngqo ukusuka komnye umntu ukuya komnye. Oku kuthetha ukuba awunakuyifumana le sifo ngokuchukumisa umntu onesifo, ukwabelana ngokutya okanye iziselo naye, okanye ngokusebenzisa itawuli ayisebenzisileyo. Ukuze uyifumane, kufuneka ulunywe yiloo mpukane.

Uyixilonga njani ngokuchanekileyo iLoiasis? (Ukuxilongwa)

Ukuba ukhe waya okanye uhlala kwenye yeendawo ezinobungozi eAfrika kwaye uneempawu ze-loiasis, ugqirha wakho unokuyalela ukuba kwenziwe uvavanyo lwegazi.Olu vavanyo lwegazi lunokujonga ukuba kukho i-Loa loa microfilariae egazini lakho.

Kwakhona, ugqirha uza kukuxilonga (`uvavanyo lomzimba`) ukuze abone ukuba unazo naziphi na iimpawu ze`loiasis`, oko kukuthi, izinto ezifana `nokudumba kweCalabar`.

Ziziphi iindlela zonyango lweLoiasis?

Kukho amayeza okulwa neentsholongwane asetyenziswa ukunyanga iLoiasis. Awona asetyenziswa kakhulu yi -Ivermectin kunye neDiethylcarbamazine (DEC) .

Amanqaku abalulekileyo ekufuneka aqwalaselwe xa unika amayeza

Kodwa nantsi into ebaluleke kakhulu. Ukuba la mayeza (ingakumbi i-DEC) anikwa abantu abanamanqanaba aphezulu kakhulu e-Loa loa microfilariae egazini labo, anokuba neempembelelo ezinobungozi kakhulu nezisongela ubomi. Ngoko ke, ngaphambi kokuba ugqirha akunike i-Ivermectin okanye i-DEC, kufuneka enze uvavanyo lokulinganisa inani le-microfilariae egazini lakho.

Khawucinge nje ukuba bekuya kuba kubi kangakanani ukuba kanye loo mayeza anikwe ukunyanga esi sifo ebenokubangela ingxaki enkulu? Yiyo loo nto ezi mvavanyo zibaluleke kangaka.

Ukuba une-microfilariae ezingaphezu kwe-8,000 kwi-milliliter yegazi, i-Ivermectin kunye ne-DEC azikhuselekanga kuwe. Ukuba kunjalo, ugqirha wakho unokucebisa ukuba uqale usebenzise iyeza elibizwa ngokuba yi -Albendazole okanye inkqubo yokucoca igazi. I-Albendazole kunye nokucoca igazi kuya kunciphisa inani le-microfilariae egazini lakho. Kulapho kuphela apho kuya kuba kukhuselekile khona ukuba usebenzise i-Ivermectin okanye i-DEC.

I-Loiasis sisifo esingaqhelekanga kumazwe afana neSri Lanka, ngoko ke ugqirha wakho angaqhagamshelana nengcali yezonyango zasezitropiki xa enyanga. Ukuba unentsholongwane enzima, ngokuqinisekileyo kuya kufuneka ubone ingcali enamava anjalo.

Ungayiphepha njani iLoiasis? (Ukuthintela)

Ngelishwa, akukabikho zitofu zokuthintela iLoiasis.

Kodwa ukuba undwendwela eNtshona okanye eMbindini Afrika, ingakumbi ukuba uceba ukuhlala apho ixesha elide, kukho izinto ezininzi onokuzenza ukunciphisa umngcipheko wakho wokosulelwa yile ntsholongwane:

• Ukuthatha iimiligram ezingama-300 ze-diethylcarbamazine (DEC) kanye ngeveki. (Oku kufanele kwenziwe kuphela ngokwengcebiso kagqirha.)
• Ukusebenzisa izinto zokugxotha izinambuzane ezine-DEET (N,N-Diethyl-meta-toluamide). Ezi ziimveliso ezingamanzi ezisetyenziswa emzimbeni.
• Ukunxiba iibhulukhwe ezinde kunye neehempe ezineemikhono emide kuya kunciphisa amathuba okuba iimpukane zikulume ulusu lwakho.
• Ukufaka isibulali-zinambuzane esibizwa ngokuba yi-'permethrin' kwiimpahla zakho. Oku kugxotha izinambuzane ezifana neempukane.

Kwenzeka ntoni ukuba une-'Loiasis'? Ngaba kufuneka ukhathazeke?

Enyanisweni, abantu abaninzi abane-loiasis abazi nokuba ibangelwa yintoni, kwaye isenokungabangeli naziphi na iingxaki ezinkulu zempilo. Oko kuthetha ukuba ayinguye wonke umntu oza kuba neempawu eziqatha.

Nangona kunjalo, ukuba uneempawu okanye ukrokrela ukuba une-loiasis, qiniseka ukuba uthetha nogqirha. Kukho amayeza afumanekayo okunyanga, anokunceda ukususa usulelo kwaye athintele iingxaki.

Ngawaphi amaxesha afanelekileyo okubonana nogqirha?

Kwiimeko ezinjalo, ngokuqinisekileyo kufuneka ubone ugqirha:

• Ukuba ubukhe waya eNtshona Afrika okanye eMbindini Afrika kwaye ubonisa iimpawu zeLoiasis (umz., ukurhawuzelela, ukudumba kweCalabar, okanye into ejonge ngaphakathi kweliso lakho).
• Ukuba uceba ukuya eNtshona Afrika okanye eMbindini Afrika kwaye ucinga ukuba ungadinga unyango lwe-DEC ukuthintela esi sifo, kungcono ukubona ugqirha ngokukhawuleza ngaphambi kohambo lwakho, njengoko kungathatha iiveki ezininzi ukufumana amayeza e-DEC.

Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya

Kulungile, ngoko ke ngokwento esithethe ngayo, ndiyathemba ukuba unoluvo oluhle malunga ne-'Loiasis' okanye 'i-'African eyeworm.'

Khumbula, iLoiasis sisifo seentshulube ezidla ngokubangelwa zizinambuzane. Sinokubangela iimpawu ezahlukeneyo, okanye singabi nazimpawu.

Ukubona impethu emehlweni akho yinto eyoyikisayo. Kodwa ngokuqhelekileyo impethu iya kudlula emehlweni ize inyamalale kwiiyure ezimbalwa. Okanye ugqirha angayisusa ngotyando oluncinci.

Into ebalulekileyo kukuba ukuba uhambela iindawo ezinobungozi eAfrika, ungathatha amanyathelo okuthintela i-loiasis. Kwakhona, ukuba ufumana usulelo, ugqirha angayinyanga ngamayeza okulwa neentsholongwane.

Ngoko ke, musa ukuyoyika ngokungeyomfuneko le nto, kodwa ungayithathi lula. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukwazi. Ukuba unemibuzo okanye amathandabuzo, akukabi lixesha lokuba uthethe nogqirha.

I- Loiasis, umsundululu wamehlo aseAfrika, isifo seempethu ezibangelwa zizinambuzane, ukulunywa ziimpukane, iimpethu zesikhumba, ukudumba kweCalabar, i-diethylcarbamazine, i-filariasis, i-microfilariae, i-ivermectin, i-albendazole, i-DEET, iimpawu zeempethu, iimpukane zaseAfrika