Kuqhelekile ukuba ugqirha azive enovalo kwaye exhalabile xa ekuxelela ukuba kufuneka ususwe umphunga. "Uza kususa iqhekeza lomphunga wam?" ngumbuzo ofika engqondweni. Kodwa yintoni kanye kanye le? Kutheni isenziwa? Nje ukuba uyazi kakuhle ukuba yintoni, uloyiko lwakho luya kuncipha kakhulu. Ngoko masithethe ngayo ngokulula, ukusuka ku-A ukuya ku-Z.
Ngamafutshane, yintoni ukususwa kwemiphunga?
Ukususwa kwemiphunga, okanye ngokwezonyango, ukususwa kwemiphunga, kukususwa kwenxalenye okanye yonke imiphunga yakho ngotyando. Oku kudla ngokwenziwa ukuze kususwe inxalenye yomphunga eyonakaliswe ngumhlaza, usulelo, okanye enye imeko yempilo. Ngamanye amaxesha, i-biopsy ikwasetyenziswa ukuthatha isiqwenga sethishu ukuvavanya uxilongo oluthile.
Uyazi ukuba sinemiphunga emibini emzimbeni wethu. Ngayinye yale miphunga yahlulwe yangamacandelo abizwa ngokuba yi "lobes". Umphunga wasekhohlo unemiphunga emibini kwaye umphunga wasekunene unemiphunga emithathu. Ngoko ke olu tyando lunokususa umphunga wonke, inxalenye yomphunga, okanye umphunga wonke.
Nangona olu lutyando olukhulu, kwaye umphunga omnye okanye inxalenye yomphunga isusiwe, kufuneka ukhumbule ukuba usenokuphila ubomi obuqhelekileyo.
Zeziphi iintlobo zotyando ezi?
Olu tyando lwahlulwe lwaba ziintlobo ezahlukeneyo ngokuxhomekeke kubukhulu becandelo lemiphunga elisusiweyo. Ukuze uziqonde ngendlela elula ezi zinto, jonga itheyibhile engezantsi.
| Igama lotyando (Uhlobo lotyando) | Kalula nje, kwenzeka ntoni? |
|---|---|
| Ukususwa kweWedge | Kuphela sisiqwenga esincinci, esimile okwesixantathu sezicubu zemiphunga esisuswayo. |
| Utyando lweCandelo | Inxalenye enye okanye ezingaphezulu ze-lobe yomphunga ziyasuswa, kodwa kungekhona yonke i-lobe. |
| Utyando lweLobectomy | Inxalenye yonke yomphunga (umz. enye yezinti ezintathu zomphunga wasekunene) iyasuswa. |
| Utyando lweBilobectomy | Isibini kwisithathu see-lobes zomphunga wasekunene ziyasuswa. |
| Utyando lwePneumonectomy | Umphunga wonke kwicala elinye uyasuswa. |
| Utyando Lokunciphisa Umthamo Wemiphunga | Iipokotho zomoya ezivaleleke emiphungeni ngenxa yeemeko ezithile zempilo ziyasuswa. |
Kutheni utyando olunje?
Kukho izizathu ezibini eziphambili zokwenza utyando lwemiphunga: Esinye kukwenza utyando lwesifo, esinye kukufumanisa unobangela wesifo.
- Umhlaza wemiphunga - ingakumbi umhlaza wesigaba sokuqala.
- Umhlaza osasazeke emiphungeni usuka kwezinye izitho zomzimba (umhlaza we-Metastatic).
- Iithumba zemiphunga ezingengomhlaza okanye amaqhuqhuva emiphungeni azingomhlaza kodwa ziziqhuma ezingengomhlaza.
- Ezinye izifo ezinzulu zemiphunga, amathumba.
- Izifo zemiphunga ezingapheliyo ezifana ne-bronchiectasis okanye i-emphysema.
- Umonakalo wemiphunga ngenxa yengozi enkulu.
Kwakhona, ngamanye amaxesha olu tyando lwenziwa ukuze kufunyanwe isiqwenga sesicwili (i-biopsy) ukuze kufunyaniswe ngokuchanekileyo ingxaki emiphungeni. Umzekelo:
- Qinisekisa ukuba ngumhlaza okanye akunjalo.
- Jonga ukuba kukho usulelo olufana nesifo sephepha.
- Chonga ezinye izifo zemiphunga, ezifana ne-pulmonary fibrosis.
Utyando lwenziwa njani? Zimbini iindlela!
Kukho iindlela ezimbini eziphambili zokwenza utyando lwemiphunga. Ugqirha wakho uya kukhetha eyona ifanelekileyo ngokwemeko yakho.
1. Utyando lweThoracoscopic
Le yindlela yanamhlanje engangenisi mandla kangako equka ukwenza imingxunya embalwa emincinci esifubeni okanye ecaleni.Kufakwa ityhubhu enye kuphela. Ityhubhu encinci enekhamera eqhotyoshelwe kuyo, ebizwa ngokuba yi-"Thoracoscope," ifakwa ngenye yezi zigcawu, kwaye izixhobo zotyando zifakwa ngezinye izigcawu. Indlela ye-"(RVATS)", esebenzisa ubuchwepheshe berobhothi, nayo ikweli candelo. Iingenelo zale ndlela zezi:
- Intlungu iyancipha emva kotyando.
- Umngcipheko weengxaki uphantsi.
- Ungachacha ngokukhawuleza uze uqalise imisebenzi yakho yesiqhelo.
2. Utyando Oluvulekileyo (Utyando Oluvulekileyo - I-Thoracotomy)
Le yindlela yendabuko. Apha, kwenziwa ukusika okude kancinci ecaleni kwesifuba, kwaye imiphunga ifikelelwa phakathi kweembambo ezimbini. Olu lutyando olukhulu kancinci, ngoko ke ixesha lokuchacha lide.
Ufanele uzilungiselele njani ngaphambi kotyando?
Ukuze utyando luphumelele, kufuneka ulungiselele. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukulandela imiyalelo kagqirha wakho ngokuchanekileyo.
- Ukuzila Ukutya: Uza kucelwa ukuba uyeke ukutya nokusela kangangeeyure ezimbalwa ngaphambi kotyando.
- Amayeza: Ufanele uxelele ugqirha wakho malunga namayeza owasebenzisayo. Amanye amayeza (ingakumbi amayeza okunciphisa igazi) anokufuna ukuyekiswa okanye uhlengahlengiso lomthamo ngaphambi kotyando. Musa ukuyeka nawaphi na amayeza ngaphandle kwengcebiso kagqirha wakho.
- Ukutshaya: Ukuba ungumntu otshayayo, ngokuqinisekileyo kufuneka uyeke ukutshaya ubuncinane kwiiveki ezimbalwa ngaphambi kotyando.
- Ukuhlala esibhedlele: Uza kuba sesibhedlele iintsuku ezimbalwa, ngoko ke lungiselela impahla efunekayo. Kwakhona, lungiselela imoto yokufika ekhaya usuka esibhedlele.
- Uvavanyo: Ngaphambi kotyando, unokucelwa ukuba wenze izinto ezifana novavanyo lwegazi, ii-X-ray zesifuba, ii-CT scans, kunye novavanyo lomsebenzi wamaphaphu.
Kwenzeka ntoni emva kotyando?
Emva kotyando, uza kusiwa kwigumbi lokuchacha. Wakuba ubuyele ezingqondweni, uza kuthunyelwa kwigumbi lonyango.
- Ukuhlala esibhedlele: Kusenokufuneka uhlale esibhedlele iintsuku ezimbini ukuya kwezintathu, kuxhomekeke kuhlobo lotyando olwenzileyo kunye nesantya sokuchacha kwakho.
- Iityhubhu Zesifuba: Ityhubhu yesifuba (ityhubhu yokukhupha amanzi) ifakwa esifubeni ukuze kususwe ulwelo olugqithisileyo nomoya oqokelelana emiphungeni emva kotyando. Oku kudla ngokushiywa endaweni yalo usuku okanye ezimbini uze emva koko kususwe.
- Ukuphefumla kancinci: Usenokuziva uphelelwa ngumphefumlo kwiintsuku zokuqala ezimbalwa. Oku kuqhelekile. Abasebenzi bezonyango baza kukufundisa ukuphefumla nzulu nokukhohlela ukuze imiphunga yakho isebenze kakuhle.
- Ixesha lokuchacha: Ukuba wenze utyando oluvulekileyo (iThoracotomy), kungathatha malunga nenyanga ukubuyela kwimisebenzi eqhelekileyo. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba wenze inkqubo yanamhlanje efana ne-VATS, ungabuyela kwisiqhelo malunga neeveki ezimbini.
Ngaba akukho mingcipheko kolu tyando?
Njengakwezinye iintlobo zotyando, kukho iingozi ezincinci ezibandakanyekayo, kodwa phantsi kweliso leqela lezonyango elinobuchule, ezi ngozi zincinci.
Ezinye iingxaki ezinokubakho zezi:
- Ukuvuza komoya
- Ukubetha kwentliziyo okungaqhelekanga (i-Arrhythmia)
- Ukopha emiphungeni (iHemothorax)
- Ukukrala kwemiphunga
- Usulelo lwenxeba olunqumlekileyo
- Ukuxhuzula kwemithambo yegazi (pulmonary embolism)
- Iimpendulo kumayeza abangela ubuthongo
Ugqirha wakho uza kukuchazela ezi zinto kakuhle ngaphambi kotyando.
Ukuba unale mpawu, qaphela ngokukhawuleza!
Kubalulekile ukuthatha amanyathelo ngokukhawuleza ukuba uneengxaki emva kokubuyela ekhaya. Lumka ezi mpawu zilandelayo.
| Iimpawu ekufuneka uziqaphele | |
|---|---|
| Ukuba unazo ezi, fowunela ugqirha wakho ngokukhawuleza. | |
| |
| Ukuba unazo ezi zinto , yiya kwiYunithi yoNyango oluNgxamisekileyo (ETU) yesibhedlele ngoko nangoko. | |
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Ngaba olu tyando lungayinyanga ngokupheleleyo umhlaza?
Kwinqanaba lokuqala lomhlaza wemiphunga, olu tyando lunethuba eliphezulu kakhulu lokunyanga umhlaza ngokupheleleyo. Kodwa akukho mntu unokuthi lusebenza ngokupheleleyo. Ngamanye amaxesha, unyango lwe-chemotherapy okanye i-radiation lunokufuneka emva kotyando ukuthintela iiseli zomhlaza ukuba zingabuyi.
Ngaba iindawo zomphunga ezisusiweyo ngotyando zinokuphinda zikhule?
Hayi. Ngokungafaniyo nesibindi sethu, izicubu zemiphunga azikhuli emva kokuba zisusiwe ngotyando. Nangona kunjalo, izicubu zemiphunga eziseleyo ekugqibeleni ziya kuqala ukusebenza ngokufanelekileyo ukuze zinike umzimba umlinganiselo ofunekayo weoksijini.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Utyando lwemiphunga aluyonto yokoyika. Lunyango oluphumelelayo lomhlaza nezinye izifo ezinzulu.
- Ngobuchwepheshe bale mihla (obufana ne-VATS), olu tyando lunokwenziwa ngoku ngaphandle kokusika kakhulu, iintlungu ezincinci, kunye nokuchacha ngokukhawuleza.
- Ixesha lokuchacha lixhomekeke kuhlobo lotyando olwenzileyo kunye nempilo yakho iyonke. Yiba nomonde.
- Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuze uphile ngokukhawuleza ukuba ulandele imiyalelo kagqirha wakho ngononophelo, ngaphambi nasemva kotyando.
- Ukuba ufumanisa naziphi na iimpawu ezingaqhelekanga emva kokubuyela ekhaya, musa ukulibazisa ukwazisa ugqirha wakho.
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