Ngaba wakha wazibuza ukuba singazifunda njani na oonobumba abancinci kwincwadi ngokucacileyo, okanye sibubone ubuso bomntu sikude? Konke oku kuncediswa yindawo encinci kakhulu, kodwa enamandla kakhulu, ebalulekileyo emehlweni ethu. Elo ndawo libizwa ngokuba yi-"macula." Namhlanje sithetha ngale macula, esebenza njengeqhawe lombono wakho.
Ngoko ke, yintoni kanye kanye i-macula?
Ngamafutshane, i-macula yindawo encinci, engqukuva embindini we-retina ngasemva kweliso lakho. I-retina yinwebu ebukhali ebamba ukukhanya okungena emehlweni ethu. Ifana nefilimu okanye isenzi esikwikhamera. Ngoko ke i-macula yinxalenye ye-retina yonke eyenzelwe ukusinika umbono obukhali, ocacileyo, noneenkcukacha.
Elinye igama lale nto yi-macula lutea. Le ndawo incinci ilawula oko ukubonayo xa ujonge phambili, umbono wakho ophakathi . Ngoko ke nokuba umonakalo omncinci kwi-macula unokuba nefuthe elikhulu ekuboneni kwakho. Yiyo loo nto kubalulekile ukubona ugqirha ngoko nangoko ukuba ubona naluphi na utshintsho olukhawulezileyo ekuboneni okanye ekuboneni kwakho.
Iyintoni indima ye-macula? Kutheni ibaluleke kangaka?
Khawuthelekelele ujonge intyatyambo entle. Ungazibona ngokucacileyo iinkcukacha zentyatyambo, njengombala wayo, imilo yamagqabi ayo, kunye nemithambo ethambileyo kuyo. I-macula isebenza nzima ukukubonisa zonke ezo nkcukacha.
Oko sikubonayo kusenzeka yile:
1. Okokuqala, ukukhanya kungena elisweni, kudlule kwilensi, kuze kufike kwi-retina ngasemva.
2. Iiseli ezikhethekileyo ezibona ukukhanya kwi-retina, ezibizwa ngokuba zii-photoreceptors , ziguqula la mandla okukhanya abe yisignali yombane.
3. Olu phawu lombane luhamba luye engqondweni nge-optic nerve.
4. Ekugqibeleni, ingqondo ihlalutya esi siginali ukuze idale umfanekiso esiwubonayo.
Kule nkqubo, i-macula yiyo ebamba iinkcukacha ezilungileyo zento oyijongileyo ngqo. Oko kuthetha ukuba:
- Funda iileta kwincwadi okanye kwiphephandaba.
- Qaphela ubuso bomntu
- Ukwenza umsebenzi obuthathaka, njengokufaka intambo enalitini.
- Chonga kwaye wahlule imibala eyahlukeneyo ngokuchanekileyo
Khawuthelekelele ukuba yonke i-retina ifana nombhobho wokunkcenkceshela igadi, ibamba yonke into ngokubanzi. Emva koko i-macula ifana ne-eye dropper, iyijolise ngqo kwindawo enye, ithatha ulwazi olufunekayo kuphela, oko kukuthi, iinkcukacha ezincinci kuphela, ize iluthumele engqondweni.
Ukuba i-macula yonakele, iliso lakho liya kuqhubeka lisebenza, livumela ukukhanya kungene. Kodwa uza kubona umfanekiso ongaqondakaliyo, oneenkcukacha, nongacacanga. Kufana nefoto ethathwe ngekhamera engacacanga.
Yenziwa njani i-macula?
I-macula yinxalenye ye-retina. Libala elincinci, elimile okweqanda, elimthubi. Ngokwesiqhelo, i-macula yomntu ibanzi ngeemilimitha ezi-5 kuphela. Oko kungaphantsi kwesiqingatha sesentimitha. Kodwa kuyamangalisa oko ikwenzayo, akunjalo?
Njenge-retina, i-macula yenziwe ngeeseli ze-photoreceptor. Kukho iintlobo ezimbini zezi seli:
- Iintonga: Ezi zinceda ekuboneni okumnyama nokumhlophe nokubona ebumnyameni.
- Iikhowuni: Ezi zezona zinto zinceda ekuboneni imibala nasekuboneni kwethu okuqhelekileyo emini.
Okubaluleke kakhulu, i-macula ineeseli ezininzi ze-cone, oko kuthetha ukuba zixinene kakhulu. Yiyo loo nto sifumana umbono ocacileyo, oneenkcukacha, nonemibala ngayo.
Ziziphi izifo kunye neemeko ezinokuchaphazela i-macula?
Nantoni na eyonakalisa iliso inokuchaphazela i-macula. Kodwa kukho iimeko ezininzi ezijolise ngqo kwi-macula. Masizijonge ezi kwitheyibhile ezimbini.
| Iimeko ezinkulu zempilo ezichaphazela ngqo i-macula | |
|---|---|
| Ukonakala kwe-macular okunxulumene nobudala (AMD) | I-macula iya isiba buthathaka kancinci kancinci xa ikhula. Umbono ophakathi uqala ukufiphala. |
| I-macular pucker / i-epiretinal membrane | Umaleko omncinci uvela phezu kwe-macula, nto leyo eba namafu ize iphazamise umbono. Ungabona imigca ethe tye. |
| Umngxuma we-macular | Umngxuma omncinci phakathi kwe-macula. Ingabonakala njengebala elimnyama embonweni ophakathi. |
| I-Cystoid macular edema | I-macula iyavuvukala ize izaliswe lulwelo, nto leyo ebangela ukubona okufipheleyo. |
Ukongeza, ezinye izifo ezichaphazela i-retina yonke zingonakalisa ne-macula.
| Ezinye iimeko ezinokuchaphazela i-macula nge-retina | |
|---|---|
| I-Retinitis pigmentosa | Isifo semfuza esitshabalalisa iiseli ze-retina kancinci kancinci. |
| Iingqayi zamehlo kunye nokukhanya okukhanyayo | Ezi zinokuba luphawu lwengxaki ye-retina. |
| Ukuvaleka kwemithambo ye-retinal | Ukuvaleka komthambo ohambisa igazi kwi-retina. |
| Ukuqhekeka kwe-retinal | Le yimeko engxamisekileyo. I-retina iyahlukana nodonga lwangaphakathi lweliso. |
Zithini iimpawu zengxaki nge-macula?
Ukuba unenye yezi mpawu emehlweni akho, nceda ungazihoyi. Bonana nogqirha ngokukhawuleza.
- Umbono ofipheleyo: Ukuziva ngathi ujonge ngaphakathi kwenkungu.
- I-Diplopia: Ukubona into enye njengezinto ezimbini.
- Intlungu entsha emehlweni engapheziyo nokuba emva kweentsuku ezimbalwa.
- Ubunzima bokujonga ukukhanya (photophobia): Ukuziva ngathi nokukhanya okuqhelekileyo kubukhali kakhulu emehlweni.
- Ukuziva ngathi umbono wakho uya usiba buthathaka kancinci kancinci okanye ngequbuliso.
- Imigca ethe tye, iifreyimu zomnyango neefestile, kunye nezinye izinto zibonakala zoluliwe kwaye zishwabene.
Ungayigcina njani i-macula isempilweni?
Amehlo ethu sisixhobo esixabisekileyo kakhulu. Ngoko ke, luxanduva lwethu ukunyamekela iliso lonke, kuquka ne-macula.
Bona ugqirha.
Ukuba ubona utshintsho oluncinci kwindlela obona ngayo, xelela ugqirha wakho. Ukuba unxiba iiglasi okanye iilensi zokunxibelelana, jonga amehlo akho rhoqo kwaye ulungise amayeza akho njengoko kufuneka. Ngexesha lokuhlolwa kwamehlo, ugqirha wakho uza kusebenzisa isixhobo esikhethekileyo (i-ophthalmoscope) ukuhlola ngononophelo i-retina kunye ne-macula yakho.
Khusela amehlo akho.
Nxiba iiglasi zokhuseleko ezifanelekileyo xa udlala imidlalo, usenza umsebenzi ofana nokusika isinyithi, okanye usebenza ngeekhemikhali. Kwakhona, nxiba iiglasi zelanga ezilungileyo ezikhusela amehlo akho kwimitha ye-ultraviolet (UV) xa uphandle elangeni.
Cinga ngempilo iyonke
Impilo yakho iyonke ichaphazela amehlo akho. Iimeko ezifana nesifo seswekile kunye noxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu zinokuwonakalisa amehlo akho. Ngoko ke yitya ukutya okunesondlo, uzilolonge, kwaye ulawule nezinye iimeko zakho zempilo kakuhle.
Ufanele uye nini kugqirha?
Le yinto ekufuneka uyikhumbule.
Bonana nogqirha ngokukhawuleza nje ukuba ubona naluphi na utshintsho embonweni wakho. Kungaba yinto elula njengokudinga iresiphi entsha yeeglasi zakho. Kodwa isenokuba luphawu lokuqala lwesifo esinzulu. Ngoko ke musa ukulinda de iimpawu zakho zibe mandundu.
Iimeko ezingxamisekileyo:
- Ukuba ngequbuliso ulahlekelwa kukubona
- Ukuba ufumana intlungu enganyamezelekiyo emehlweni akho
- Ukuba umbono wakho ngequbuliso uba mnyama, ngokungathi ikhethini iwele phambi kwamehlo akho
Kwimeko enjalo, yiya ngokukhawuleza kwiYunithi yoNyango oluNgxamisekileyo (ETU) yesibhedlele esikufutshane , kuba ezinye iimeko zinokubangela ukulahleka kombono okungapheliyo ukuba azinyangwa ngokukhawuleza.
I-macula yinxalenye encinci yeliso, kodwa ngoku uyaqonda ukuba kubaluleke kangakanani ukubona ihlabathi ngokucacileyo. Siyisebenzisa yonke imihla. Ngoko ke masinyamekele amehlo ethu. Masiwahlole rhoqo. Ukuba ubona notshintsho oluncinci, masifune ingcebiso kagqirha.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- I-macula yinxalenye ye-retina esembindini weliso, ibalulekile ekuboneni kwethu okuphakathi (oko sikubonayo xa sijonge phambili) kwaye sibone iinkcukacha ezincinci.
- Naluphi na utshintsho ekuboneni kwakho, olufana nokufiphala, ukujika kwemigca, okanye indawo emnyama embindini, lunokuba luphawu lwengxaki kwi-macula.
- Musa ukuyityeshela loo mpawu. Yiya kugqirha ngokukhawuleza uze uhlolwe amehlo akho.
- Kubalulekile ukuvavanywa amehlo rhoqo, ukulandela indlela yokuphila esempilweni, nokunxiba iiglasi zelanga ukukhusela izifo ezifana nokuwohloka kwe-macular okunxulumene nobudala (AMD).
- Ukulahlekelwa yimbono ngequbuliso okanye iintlungu zamehlo eziqatha yingxaki yezonyango. Yiya kwiSebe lezeMpilo eziNgxamisekileyo (ETU) lesibhedlele ngoko nangoko.
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