Ngaba ngequbuliso uziva ngathi izinto ezithe tye, ezifana neefreyimu zeefestile kunye neefreyimu zeminyango, zoluliwe kwaye zishwabene? Okanye ngaba uvakalelwa kukuba xa ufunda iphephandaba okanye incwadi, oonobumba abacacanga kwaye kukho ibala elimnyama okanye indawo engenanto phakathi kwendawo ojonge kuyo? Ukuba ukhe wahlangabezana nento efana nale, musa ukuyithatha njengento eqhelekileyo. Oku kusenokuba kungenxa yomngxuma kwinxalenye yeliso lakho ebuthathaka kakhulu kwaye ibalulekile ekuboneni, ebizwa ngokuba yi-'macula'. Ungakhathazeki, siza kuthetha ngayo yonke into ngendlela elula onokuyiqonda.
Yintoni kanye kanye i-macular hole?
Ukuze siqonde oku, masiqale sijonge indlela amehlo ethu asebenza ngayo. Amehlo ethu afana neekhamera zobuchwepheshe obuphezulu. Inxalenye yeliso esebenza njengefilimu engasemva kwekhamera, iguqula ukukhanya kube yimiqondiso yemithambo-luvo ize iyithumele engqondweni, ibizwa ngokuba yi-retina .
Ngoko ke, embindini wale retina, kukho indawo encinci ebaluleke kakhulu esinika umbono ocacileyo nobukhali. Yindawo encinci esinceda senze izinto ezinjengokufunda incwadi, ukuqaphela ubuso, nokuqhuba imoto. Yiloo nto siyibiza ngokuba yi-macula .
Ngoku makhe sijonge indlela okwakheka ngayo umngxuma. Ingaphakathi lamehlo ethu lizaliswe yinto efana nejeli, efana neqanda elimhlophe. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-vitreous humor ngokwezonyango. Njengoko sikhula, le jeli ijika kancinci ibe ngamanzi ize iqale ukushwabana. Ifana nediliya eyomileyo ize ibe yidiliya. Njengoko ishwabana, isuka eludongeni olungasemva lweliso, i-retina. Oku kuqhelekile.
Kodwa ngamanye amaxesha, le jeli inokunamathela kakhulu kwindawo ebuthathaka esiyikhankanyileyo, i-macula. Emva koko, njengoko ijeli incipha ize iphume, itsala i-macula kunye nayo. Kanye njengokuba ipowusta inamathele eludongeni ngequbuliso iphuma neplasta eludongeni, umngxuma omncinci unokwenziwa kwi-macula. Yiloo nto siyibiza ngokuba ngumngxuma we-macular. Oku kudla ngokwenzeka kwiliso elinye, kodwa kunqabile kakhulu, kunokwenzeka kuwo omabini amehlo.
Ixhaphake kangakanani le meko? Ngaba kukho iintlobo zayo ?
Enyanisweni, le ayisiyongxaki ixhaphakileyo echaphazela wonke umntu. Kodwa inokwenzeka nakubani na. Izifundo zibonise ukuba abantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-55 ubudala basengozini enkulu . Kwaye, ngokumangalisayo, le meko ixhaphake kakhulu kwabasetyhini kunamadoda.
Oogqirha bahlula le meko kwiintlobo ezimbini eziphambili:
1. Imingxunya ephambili ye-macular:Ezi zezona zixhaphakileyo. Zenzeka ngaphandle kwesinye isifo okanye ingozi, kodwa kungenxa yotshintsho olwenzeka ngaphakathi kweliso njengoko besithetha ngaphambili ngokwaluphala.
2. Imingxuma yesibini ye-macular: Ezi zibangelwa yenye into. Umzekelo, ukwenzakala okukhulu kweliso, usulelo ngaphakathi kweliso (uveitis) , okanye ingxaki emva kotyando lwe-cataract kunokubangela olu hlobo lomngxuma.
Kwakhona, oogqirha bayahlulahlula le mngxuma ibe ngamanqanaba ahlukeneyo ngokuxhomekeke kubunzima bayo. Ugqirha wakho uza kwenza uvavanyo olukhethekileyo aze akuxelele ngokucacileyo ukuba imeko yakho ikweliphi inqanaba kwaye imbi kangakanani.
Zithini iimpawu zoku? Masifumanise ngokuchanekileyo.
Ezi mpawu aziveli ngequbuliso. Zikhula kancinci kancinci. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuzibona kwangethuba.
| Uhlobo lwempawu | Indlela oziva ngayo |
|---|---|
| Iimpawu zokuqala |
|
| Iimpawu zamva nje |
|
Ukuba unenye yezi mpawu, "Oku kusenokwenzeka ukuba yinto eyenzekayo njengoko ukhula."Musa ukucinga ngayo. Bona ugqirha wamehlo ngokukhawuleza. Le meko inganyangeka, kodwa okukhona ifunyaniswa ngokukhawuleza, kokukhona iziphumo zingcono.
Kutheni oku kusenzeka? Zithini izinto ezibangela umngcipheko?
Njengoko besitshilo ngaphambili, unobangela oyintloko kukuba njengoko sikhula, ijeli engaphakathi kweliso (i-vitreous humor) iyancipha ize itsale kwi-macula. Nangona kunjalo, oku akwenzeki kuwo wonke umntu. Abanye abantu basengozini enkulu.
Izinto ezonyusa le ngozi zezi:
- Ubudala: Ukuba neminyaka engaphezu kwama-55 ubudala yinto ebalulekileyo.
- Isini: Abafazi basengozini enkulu.
- Ukulimala kwamehlo: Ukuba ukhe wabethwa kakhulu liliso ngaphambili.
- I-Myopia Ephezulu: Le ngozi iphezulu kubantu abanxiba iiglasi ezinde kakhulu nabangakwaziyo ukubona kude.
- Ezinye iintlobo zotyando lwamehlo: Azifane zenzeke emva kwezinto ezifana notyando lwe-cataract.
- Usulelo ngaphakathi kweliso: Iimeko ezifana ne-uveitis.
- Ukuhlukaniswa kweRetina: Ukuba i-retina ibikhe yahlukana ngaphambili.
Uyifumana njani le nto, Gqirha?
Xa usiya kugqirha, uza kuqala akubuze ngeempawu zakho, amayeza owasebenzisayo, kunye nokuba kukho umntu kusapho lwakho onengxaki yamehlo na. Emva koko uza kwenza uvavanyo lwamehlo olupheleleyo.
Kule meko, iliso lakho liza kuvuleka ngamaconsi eliso, kwaye ingaphakathi leliso lakho liza kuhlolwa ngesixhobo esikhethekileyo (isibane esiqhekekileyo) . Oku kuvumela i-retina kunye ne-macula ukuba zibonakale ngokucacileyo.
Uvavanyo olukhethekileyo
Emva kovavanyo oluqhelekileyo, ugqirha unokwenza ezinye iimvavanyo ezikhethekileyo ukuqinisekisa imeko yesigulana nokufumanisa ubungakanani obuchanekileyo kunye nenqanaba lomngxuma.
- I-Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT): Olu lolona vavanyo lubalulekileyo. Kufana nokuskena ingaphakathi kweliso nge-3D. Kuthatha umfanekiso onqamlezileyo we-retina kunye ne-macula. Kunceda ukubona ukuba umngxuma mkhulu kangakanani, unzulu kangakanani, kwaye ukuba kukho umonakalo kwizicubu ezijikelezileyo. Luvavanyo olungenabuhlungu olunokwenziwa ngemizuzu embalwa.
- I-Fundus Fluorescein Angiography: Kule meko, kufakwa idayi ekhethekileyo emthanjeni osengalweni yakho kwaye kuthathwe imifanekiso yemithambo yegazi engaphakathi kweliso. Oku kunceda ukujonga ezinye iingxaki ezingaphakathi kweliso.
- I-Fundus Photography: Le yifoto enemibala yengaphakathi leliso, i-retina. Isetyenziselwa ukuthelekisa imeko ngaphambi nasemva konyango.
Zithini iindlela zonyango zoku?
Emva kokufumanisa le meko, ugqirha uya kugqiba unyango olufanelekileyo kuwe.
- Ukuqaphela: Ngamanye amaxesha, ukuba umngxuma mncinane kakhulu, oko kukuthi, kwinqanaba lokuqala, usenokuzivaleka ngokwawo. Kwimeko ezinjalo, ugqirha uza kukujongisisa okwethutyana ngaphandle kokwenza utyando.
- Utyando lweVitrectomy: Olu lolona nyango luphambili noluphumelele kakhulu koku. Olu tyando luphumelele kwiimeko ezingaphezu kwama-90%.
Yintoni le Vitrectomy?
Le yinkqubo eyenziwa ngugqirha wamehlo ochwephesha kutyando lwe-retina. Ngamafutshane, oku kubandakanya:
1. Ugqirha uyisusa ngokupheleleyo ijeli ye-vitreous engaphakathi kweliso. Le jeli yiyo eyatsala i-macula yaza yabangela umngxuma.
2. Emva koko, ukuba kukho naziphi na iimembrane ezincinci ezibangela ukutsalwa kwe-macula, nazo zisuswa ngononophelo olukhulu.
3. Okokugqibela, kufakwa iqamza legesi elikhethekileyo ngaphakathi kweliso ukunceda umngxuma uvaleke. Eli qamza legesi lifaka uxinzelelo kumngxuma, linyanzela imiphetho yomngxuma ukuba idibane, njengokuba iplasta ifakwa kumngxuma oseludongeni.
Yintoni endifanele ndiyilumkele emva kotyando?
Ukuze utyando luphumelele, kubalulekile ukuba ulandele imiyalelo kagqirha ngononophelo emva kotyando.
Eyona nto inzima neyona ibalulekileyo kusemva kotyando. Ngenxa yokuba iqamza legesi elifakwe elisweni lakho kufuneka liqine kanye apho kukho umngxuma, kuya kufuneka uhlale phantsi ubuso bakho bujonge phantsi kangangeentsuku ezimbalwa okanye iveki . Kuya kufuneka uhlale ujonge phantsi intloko yakho ngalo lonke ixesha xa ulele naxa uhleli. Nangona oku kuyacaphukisa kwaye kuyadinisa, kubalulekile ukuba umngxuma uvaleke kakuhle.
Iingxaki ezinokwenzeka emva kotyando
Njengakwezinye iintlobo zotyando, iingxaki zinokwenzeka rhoqo.
- Ukuqhekeka kwe-retinal
- Ukuba nosulelo lwamehlo
- Uxinzelelo lwamehlo oluphezulu (iGlaucoma)
- Ukopha ngaphakathi kweliso
- Umngxuma uyavuleka kwakhona okanye awuvaleki kwaphela
- IiCataracts: Oku kuyinkimbinkimbi ngakumbi kunokuba kube yimiphumo emibi, kwaye yinto eyenzeka phantse kubo bonke abantu abaye benza utyando lwe-retina. Ke ngoko, ugqirha wakho uza kukwazisa ngayo kwangaphambili.
Yintoni ekufuneka uyazi ngexesha lokuchacha
- Inkangeleko: Umbono wakho uza kuba mfiliba kangangexesha lebhamuza yegesi elisesweni lakho, elithatha malunga neeveki ezi-3-8. Ungakhathazeki ngaloo nto. Umbono wakho uza kucaca kancinci kancinci njengoko ibhamuza yegesi ingena emzimbeni wakho. Kungathatha iinyanga ezininzi ukuba umbono wakho uzinze ngokupheleleyo.
- Ukuqhuba nokubhabha: Oku kubaluleke kakhulu! Ngelixa iqamza legesi lisesweniMusa ukuqhuba okanye ukubhabha nangasiphi na isizathu. Utshintsho kuxinzelelo lomoya (njengakwinqwelomoya okanye kwindawo enentaba) lunokubangela ukuba iqamza legesi elingaphakathi kweliso lande, okubangela uxinzelelo oluyingozi ngaphakathi kweliso, olunokubangela umonakalo ongunaphakade kweliso. Landela le miqathango ide iqamza legesi liphele ngokupheleleyo. Ugqirha wakho uza kukuxelela ukuba kuza kuthatha ixesha elingakanani na.
Ngaba ukubona kwam kuya kubuyiselwa? Ngaba oku akunakuthintelwa?
Lo ngumbuzo omkhulu abantu abaninzi abanawo: "Ngaba ndiza kuphinda ndibukeke ndifana?"
Iindaba ezimnandi zezokuba utyando luphumelele ngaphezu kwe-90%. Okukhona unyanga umngxuma ngokukhawuleza, kokukhona iziphumo zingcono. Ungafumana kwakhona uninzi okanye inxalenye yombono wakho olahlekileyo. Nangona kunjalo, umbono wakho usenokungabi 100% njengangaphambili. Nangona kunjalo, abantu abaninzi banokuwuphucula umbono wabo ukuya kwinqanaba apho banokwenza izinto ezifana nokufunda nokuqhuba kwakhona.
Ngaba oku kungathintelwa?
Enyanisweni, akukho ndlela yokuthintela ngokupheleleyo esi sifo sinxulumene nokwaluphala. Nangona kunjalo, ungazikhusela ngandlela ithile ngokugcina impilo entle yamehlo nokunciphisa umngcipheko wakho.
- Nxiba izibuko zokukhusela amehlo xa udlala imidlalo okanye usenza umsebenzi onobungozi.
- Fumana uhlolo lwamehlo rhoqo . Ubuncinane rhoqo emva kweminyaka emibini. Nangona oku kungenakukuthintela esi sifo, kunokusibona kwasekuqaleni.
- Ukuba unesifo seswekile okanye uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu , zilawule kakuhle, njengoko ezi meko zichaphazela ngqo impilo yamehlo.
Ndifanele ndimbone nini ugqirha?
Kubalulekile ukuba wonke umntu ahlolwe amehlo rhoqo. Ukongeza, ukuba ubona naluphi na utshintsho ekuboneni kwakho, ingakumbi ukubona okufipheleyo, musa ukulutyeshela. Bonana nogqirha ngoko nangoko ngaphandle kokulibazisa.
Ukuba ufumana iintlungu eziqatha zamehlo okanye ulahlekelwe yimbono ngequbuliso, yiya ngqo kwiSebe lezeMpilo eziNgxamisekileyo (ETU) lesibhedlele esikufutshane.
Imibuzo yokubuza ugqirha
Xa ufumanisa ukuba unale meko, unokuba nemibuzo emininzi engqondweni yakho. Musa ukoyika okanye ungathandabuzi ukubuza ugqirha wakho ngezi zinto.
- Loluphi uhlobo lonyango olucetyiswayo kum? Ngaba kufuneka ndityandwe?
- Zithini iziphumo okanye iingxaki ezibangelwa lolu nyango?
- Ngaba le meko ingaphinda yenzeke?
- Ndingenza ntoni ukuze ndikhusele amehlo am?
- Ngaba ndiza kukwazi ukuqhuba kwakhona emva konyango?
Amehlo lelinye lawona malungu axabisekileyo nanobuthathaka emzimbeni wethu. Ngoko ke kuqhelekile ukuba noloyiko xa unengxaki yamehlo. Kodwa khumbula, ngoku kukho unyango olusebenzayo kakhulu kwimeko ebizwa ngokuba yi-macular hole. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukufumanisa isifo kwangethuba kwaye ufumane unyango olufanelekileyo.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Ukuba ubona imigca ethe tye, ifiphale embindini, okanye indawo emnyama embindini, oko kusenokuba luphawu lomngxuma we-macular.
- Kubaluleke kakhulu ukubona ugqirha wamehlo kwangoko nje ukuba ezi mpawu zibonakale. Okukhona unyango lunikwa ngokukhawuleza, kokukhona iziphumo ziba ngcono.
- Utyando lwe-Vitrectomy lunyango olusebenzayo kakhulu koku, kwaye izinga lempumelelo lingaphezulu kwe-90%.
- Kubalulekile ukuba umntu aphile ukuze alandele imiyalelo kagqirha ngononophelo emva kotyando, ingakumbi xa ejongene ubuso ngobuso kwaye ephepha ukundiza/ukuqhuba .
- Amehlo akho axabiseke kakhulu. Ukuhlolwa kwamehlo rhoqo kunokunceda ekufumaneni ezi meko kwangethuba.
💬 Comments (0)
Akukho zimvo zithunyelweyo okwangoku. Faka uluvo lwakho apha okokuqala.
Faka uluvo lwakho