Ngaba wakha wazibuza ukuba singaphefumla njani ngaphandle kokuma ngelixa silele? Okanye ukuba isantya sentliziyo yethu sinyuka njani xa sibaleka, kodwa sibuyele kwisiqhelo xa siphumle? Kukho iqhawe elincinci, kodwa elinamandla kakhulu engqondweni yethu elilawula izinto ezininzi ezibalulekileyo ezenzeka ngaphakathi emzimbeni wethu, ngaphandle kokuba siqaphele. Yiloo nto siza kuthetha ngayo namhlanje. Igama lakhe yiMedulla Oblongata .
Yintoni le Medulla Oblongata?
Ngamafutshane, i-medulla oblongata yinxalenye yesiseko sakho sengqondo . Cinga ngengqondo yethu njengeofisi eyintloko yenkampani enkulu. Umqolo wethu ufana nomgaqo omkhulu othwala ulwazi oluvela kuloo ofisi iyintloko ukuya kulo lonke ilizwe. I-medulla oblongata yindawo ephambili yokuhlangana, okanye iziko lolawulo eliphambili , elidibanisa loo ofisi iyintloko kunye nomgaqo omkhulu. Ke ngoko, ingabizwa ngokuba yindawo ebaluleke kakhulu kwinkqubo yethu yemithambo-luvo.
Kanye njengendawo ekuyo, nomsebenzi ewenzayo ubaluleke kakhulu. Enyanisweni, yiyo eyenza imisebenzi emininzi ebalulekileyo ngasese ukuze siphile.
Zithini imisebenzi ephambili ye-medulla?
Nangona i-medulla incinci, umsebenzi ewenzayo awuncinci. Isebenza njenge "nkqubo yovavanyo oluzenzekelayo" yomzimba wethu. Makhe sijonge ezinye zezinto eziphambili ezenzayo.
| Umsebenzi | Ingcaciso elula |
|---|---|
| Ulawulo lwentliziyo, ukujikeleza kwegazi, kunye nokuphefumla | Isantya sentliziyo yakho, uxinzelelo lwegazi, kunye nesantya ophefumla ngaso zilawulwa apha. Akunyanzelekanga ukuba ucinge, "Intliziyo, betha ngoku." Konke kwenzeka ngokuzenzekelayo ngenxa ye-medulla. |
| Olunye ulawulo lwesenzo oluzenzekelayo | Ilawula izinto ezininzi esizenzayo singazi. Umzekelo, ukukhohlela, ukuthimla, ukuginya, ukuhlanza, kunye nokugcina ibhalansi. Ngumyalelo owanikwa yiyo osenza sikhohlele xa sibambeke kancinci ekutyeni, kwaye ngumyalelo osenza sikhohlele xa singena kwimpumlo yethu. |
| Ukuba yindawo yemithambo-luvo | Uninzi lwemiqondiso yemithambo-luvo eya nokubuya ebuchotsheni ihamba ngale medulla. Kwizibini eziphambili ezili-12 zemithambo-luvo entlokweni yethu, ezine ziqhagamshelwe ngqo kule medulla. |
| Indawo yeCrossover | Le yinto engaqhelekanga kakhulu. Uninzi lwemithambo-luvo elawula ukuhamba kwemizimba yethu inqumla ukusuka kwelinye icala ukuya kwelinye (crisscross) kwindawo ebizwa ngokuba yi "pyramids" kwi-medulla. Yiyo loo nto xa icala lasekhohlo lobuchopho bethu lonakele (umzekelo, ngenxa yestroke), icala lasekunene lomzimba wethu lilahlekelwa ngamandla. Kwaye xa icala lasekunene lobuchopho lonakele, icala lasekhohlo lomzimba wethu lilahlekelwa ngamandla. Indawo ephambili apho olu nqamlezo lwenzeka khona yi-medulla. |
IiNerve zeCranial (iiNerve ezikhethekileyo) eziqhagamshela kwi-medulla
Kukho ii-12 eziphambili zee-nerve kwi-skull yethu. Ezi sizibiza ngokuba yi-cranial nerves . Ezine kwezi zibini zidlula kwi-medulla. Makhe sijonge ukuba ziyintoni na kwaye ziyintoni na imisebenzi yazo.
| Umthambo weCranial (CN) | Umsebenzi ewenzayo |
|---|---|
| I-CN IX (i-nerve yesi-9) | Oku kubandakanyekile kwizinto ezininzi ezisemilonyeni yethu. Izinto ezinje ngokuvula amathe, ukuva incasa kunye nokuchukumisa ngaphakathi emlonyeni, kunye nokulawula i-gag reflex esenza sivale xa kukho into ebambekayo emqaleni wethu. Le mithambo-luvo ikwasikhusela. |
| I-CN X (umthambo we-10 - iVagus Nerve) | Le yi-super nerve ekhethekileyo kakhulu. Siyibiza ngokuba yiVagus Nerve . Iqhagamshelwe kwizitho ezininzi ezibalulekileyo ukusuka entanyeni ukuya emathunjini. Ithwala imiqondiso yezinto ezininzi esingazicingiyo (imisebenzi yokuzimela), njengokubetha kwentliziyo kunye nokuhamba kwamathumbu. Ikwathumela imiqondiso kwizihlunu ezisinceda siginye kwaye sithethe. |
| I-CN XI (umthambo we-11) | Le nerve ilawula izihlunu entanyeni nasemagxeni akho. Ikunceda ujike intloko yakho ukusuka kwelinye icala ukuya kwelinye kwaye uphakamise amahlombe akho. |
| I-CN XII (umthambo we-12) | Le mithambo-luvo ilawula izihlunu ezisinceda sikhuphe ulwimi lwethu, ukuze singathethi okanye siginye ngaphandle kwale mithambo-luvo. |
Ithini indawo, imbonakalo, kunye nobukhulu be-medulla?
Iphi i-medulla?
I-medulla ikwizantsi lobuchopho bethu. Ngokukodwa, ikwindawo apho ubuchopho buqhagamshelana khona nomqolo ngomngxuma omkhulu (i-foramen magnum) ezantsi kwekhakayi lethu. Ngaphezulu kwayo kukho enye inxalenye yobuchopho ebizwa ngokuba yi-pons .
Inkangeleko kunye nobukhulu
Oku kudla ngokuba yi-funnel, okanye ityhubhu. Ibanzi phezulu kwaye iyancipha kancinci ukuya ezantsi.
Okumangalisayo kukuba, nangona isenza imisebenzi emininzi kangaka ebalulekileyo, i-medulla oblongata incinci kakhulu. Ingamasentimitha ama-3 kuphela (malunga ne-intshi eziyi-1.1) . Oko kukuthi, incinci kunobude belungu elingaphezulu lonyawo lwethu olukhulu!
Ikwanobunzima obuncinci kakhulu. Ngokwesiqhelo, i-medulla inobunzima obumalunga ne-0.5% yobunzima bobuchopho bomntu omdala.
Ziziphi izifo ezichaphazela i-medulla oblongata?
Ukuba le nxalenye incinci yonakele, inokuba nempembelelo enkulu. Kukho iimeko ezininzi ezibalulekileyo zempilo ezinokuchaphazela i-medulla.
- Istroke: Istroke sinokwenzeka xa umthambo wegazi ohambisa igazi kwi-medulla uvalekile okanye uqhuma. Le yeyona meko ixhaphakileyo neyimbi kakhulu echaphazela i-medulla.
- Ukulimala Kwengqondo Okubuhlungu: Ukuba ubetheke kakhulu entloko kwingozi, i-medulla nayo ingonakala ukongeza kwingqondo.
- Umhlaza:Iithumba zobuchopho zingabangela iingxaki ngokucinezela okanye ukukhula ecaleni kwe-medulla.
- Ii-Aneurysms: Imithambo yegazi ebuchotsheni iba buthathaka ize idumbe njengebhaluni, nto leyo enokwaphuka kwaye yonakalise i-medulla.
- Ukongeza, iimeko ezingaqhelekanga ze-neurological ezifana ne- Multiple System Atrophy nazo zinokuchaphazela ukusebenza kwe-medulla.
Amagama akhethekileyo eestroke ezinxulumene ne-medulla
Oogqirha basebenzisa amagama akhethekileyo ukuchaza istroke esichaphazela iindawo ezahlukeneyo ze-medulla.
- I-Wallenberg Syndrome: Isifo sohlangothi esiqhelekileyo esibangelwa kukuphazamiseka kokuhanjiswa kwegazi eludongeni olusecaleni lwe-medulla.
- I-Dejerine Syndrome: Imeko ebangelwa kukuphazamiseka kokunikezelwa kwegazi kumbindi we-medulla.
Iimpawu ezinokuvela kwingxaki ye-medulla
Ukuba kukho ingxaki nge-medulla, iimpawu zihlala zifana nezo zestroke. Kodwa into ekhethekileyo kukuba ezinye iimpawu zinokuvela kwelinye icala lomzimba kunye nezinye iimpawu kwelinye icala lomzimba. Oko kungenxa yokuhlangana kwemithambo-luvo esithethe ngayo ngaphambili.
Iimpawu eziphambili ezinokubonwa zezi:
- Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo zestroke (umz., ukugoba kwelinye icala lobuso, ukungaziva mnandi engalweni, ubunzima bokuthetha).
- Ukulahlekelwa yibhalansi, i-ataxia .
- Intloko ebuhlungu , isicaphucaphu kunye nokuhlanza.
- Ubunzima bokuginya (i-Dysphagia) .
- Ukurhawuzelela okanye ukutshintsha kwelizwi (i-Dysphonia).
- Ukulahlekelwa kukuziva ubushushu okanye intlungu kwindawo ethile yobuso okanye yomzimba.
- Ukunyakaza kwamehlo okungalawulekiyo (i-Nystagmus) .
- Ukukhubazeka kwamalungu ahlukeneyo obuso okanye omzimba.
- Iingxaki zokubona.
Ukuba wena okanye umntu omaziyo ngequbuliso uhlangabezana nenye okanye ngaphezulu kwezi mpawu, kubalulekile ukuya kwiYunithi yoNyango oluNgxamisekileyo (ETU) yesibhedlele ngoko nangoko . Kuba kwimeko efana nestroke, ixesha libaluleke kakhulu.
Uyijonga njani impilo ye-medulla?
Ukuba ugqirha urhanela ukuba kukho ingxaki nge-medulla, kukho iimvavanyo ezininzi zokuqinisekisa loo ngxaki.
- I-CT scan (i-Computerized Tomography scan): Ukuthabatha imifanekiso yobuchopho ngesantya esiphezulu ukuze kubonwe ukuba kukho nantoni na, njengokuphuma kwegazi.
- Iskeni se-MRI (iMagnetic Resonance Imaging): Ukuze ufumane imifanekiso ecacileyo neneenkcukacha zezicubu zobuchopho. Oku kubaluleke kakhulu ekuxilongeni iimeko zestroke.
- Uvavanyo lwegazi: Ukujonga ezinye iimeko zempilo.
- I-Spine Tap:Ukujonga ulwelo olujikeleze umqolo ukuze ubone ukuba akukho zimpawu zosulelo.
Singayinyamekela njani i-medulla yethu?
Zininzi izinto esinokuzenza ukuze sinyamekele eli qhawe lincinci. Ezi zilungile kwimpilo yethu iyonke.
1. Yitya ukutya okunesondlo: Ukunqongophala kwezondlo, ingakumbi i-vitamin B12, kunokuchaphazela impilo yengqondo. Ngoko ke yitya ukutya okunempilo okuquka imifuno, imifuno kunye neziqhamo.
2. Hlala usempilweni, gcina ubunzima obusempilweni: Iingxaki zenkqubo yokujikeleza kwegazi kunye nentliziyo zichaphazela ngqo ingqondo. Istroke ngumzekelo omhle woku. Ke ngoko, unganciphisa umngcipheko westroke ngokwenza umthambo imihla ngemihla nokulawula ubunzima bakho. Ukulawula izifo ezifana noxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu kunye nesifo seswekile nako kubaluleke kakhulu.
3. Nxiba izixhobo zokhuseleko: Nxiba isigcina-ntloko rhoqo ukuba ukhwela isithuthuthu. Ukuba ubandakanyeka kweminye imidlalo okanye imisebenzi enokubangela ukwenzakala entloko, sebenzisa izixhobo zokhuseleko ezifanelekileyo. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukukhusela ingqondo kunye nomqolo ekwenzakaleni entloko.
Ngoku mhlawumbi uyaqonda ukuba le medulla oblongata ibaluleke kangakanani ebomini bethu. Yindawo ephambili yokudlulisa imiqondiso yemithambo-luvo emzimbeni wethu, kunye nomlawuli ozenzekelayo ogcina ubomi bethu buqhubeka. Ke ngoko, ukunyamekela yonke ingqondo yethu kunye nenkqubo yemithambo-luvo yeyona ndlela ilungileyo yokukhusela eli qhawe lincinci.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- I-Medulla Oblongata yinxalenye encinci yesiseko sethu sengqondo esibalulekileyo ekugcineni ubomi.
- I-medulla ilawula imisebenzi ezenzekelayo efana nokuphefumla kwethu, ukubetha kwentliziyo, kunye noxinzelelo lwegazi.
- Le yindawo ephambili apho kwenzeka khona i-neural crossover, nto leyo ebangela ukuba icala lasekhohlo lobuchopho bethu lilawule icala lasekunene lomzimba wethu, kwaye icala lasekunene lobuchopho bethu lilawule icala lasekhohlo lomzimba wethu.
- Ukonakala kwe-medulla yimeko embi kakhulu, kwaye i-stroke yenye yezona meko ziphambili eziyichaphazelayo.
- Ukuba ufumana iimpawu zesifo sohlangothi ngequbuliso (ukuwa kobuso, ukungaziva mnandi, ubunzima bokuthetha), yiya kwiYunithi yoNyango oluNgxamisekileyo (ETU) yesibhedlele ngoko nangoko.
- Indlela yokuphila esempilweni (ukutya okunesondlo, ukuzilolonga) kunye nokukhuselwa ekwenzakaleni entloko kunokunceda ukugcina impilo ye-medulla oblongata.
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