Ngaba wakha waziva ngathi ngequbuliso uphulukene nolawulo lwecala elinye lomzimba wakho, intetho engacacanga, okanye uphulukene nombono wakho okomzuzwana, kodwa konke kwabuyela esiqhelweni kwimizuzu embalwa? Xa unamava anje, abantu abaninzi bacinga, "Owu... kumele ukuba bekukudinwa." Kodwa oku akuyonto omele uyithathe lula. Oku kungaba luphawu lwesilumkiso, isandulela esiyingozi sestroke esinzulu esinokuchaphazela ubomi bakho. Namhlanje, siza kuthetha ngale meko abantu abaninzi abayityeshelayo, kodwa ibaluleke kakhulu. Leyo yiTIA, okanye iTransient Ischemic Attack.
Yintoni kanye kanye i-TIA?
Ngamafutshane, i-TIA (i-Transient Ischemic Attack) kukukhubazeka okwethutyana. Iiseli zethu zengqondo zifuna ioksijini kunye nezondlo ukuze zisebenze. Ezi zifunyanwa egazini. Ukuba umthambo wegazi othwala igazi ukuya kwinxalenye yengqondo uvalekile okomzuzwana, loo nxalenye ayifumani gazi. Siyibiza ngokuba yi-`(Ischemia)`. Ngeli xesha, imisebenzi yomzimba elawulwa yiloo nxalenye yengqondo iyama okwethutyana. Nangona kunjalo, kwi-TIA, ukuvaleka kwalo mthambo wegazi kuyinto yexeshana . Kwimizuzu okanye iiyure ezimbalwa, ukuvaleka kuyasuswa ngokuzenzekelayo, kwaye ukuhamba kwegazi ukuya ebuchosheni kuyabuyiselwa. Iimpawu nazo ziyanyamalala.
Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba i-TIA ifana nje nestroke kwaye ifuna unyango olukhawulezileyo. Kuba xa iimpawu ziqala, akukho mntu unokwazi ukuba le yi-TIA eza kuphola kwimizuzu embalwa, okanye sistroke esikhulu esiya kuchaphazela ubomi bakho. Ngoko ke musa ukuchitha nanye iminithi.
Ingaba igama elithi "Mini-Stroke" alichanekanga?
IiTIA zidla ngokubizwa ngokuba yi "mini-strokes," kodwa elo asilogama lichanekileyo. Igama elithi "Mini" lisenza sicinge ngento encinci nengenabungozi. Kodwa iTIA inokuchaphazela indawo enkulu yobuchopho. Kwakhona, iTIA inokukhokelela kwistroke enkulu kwimizuzu, iiyure, okanye iintsuku.
Kukho umahluko omkhulu phakathi kwe-TIA kunye ne-stroke enkulu:
1. I-TIA iya kuyeka yodwa. Kodwa istroke ayiyeki kwaye kufuneka inyangwe.
2. Ekubeni umonakalo osisigxina engqondweni usenzeka xa umntu ehlaselwa sistroke, unokubonakala ngokucacileyo kwi-MRI scan. Nangona kunjalo, ekubeni umonakalo osisigxina engqondweni ungenzeki kwi-TIA, i-MRI scan emva kokuba iimpawu ziphelile idla ngokungabonisi mahluko.
Zithini iimpawu ze-TIA?
Iimpawu ze-TIA zifana kakhulu nezo zestroke. Ezi mpawu zifika ngequbuliso, ngaphandle kwesilumkiso . Enye okanye ezingaphezulu kwezi mpawu zinokwenzeka ngaxeshanye.
| Uphawu | Ingcaciso elula |
|---|---|
| Ubuthathaka/ukukhubazeka kwelinye icala lomzimba (iHemiplegia) | Ukuziva ngequbuliso ungenamthungo okanye ubunzima kwicala elinye lengalo, umlenze, okanye ubuso. Ngokungathi uza kuquleka. |
| Ubunzima bokuthetha (i-Aphasia / i-Dysarthria) | Uyadideka ngamazwi, awukwazi ukuqonda ukuba mawuthini, okanye uzive ngathi uyathintitha xa uthetha. |
| Ukutsala kwelinye icala lobuso | Xa ndizama ukuncuma, elinye icala lomlomo wam liyatsaleka. Andikwazi ukulawula izihlunu zobuso bam. |
| Iingxaki zokubona (iDiplopia) | Uphelelwa ngumbono ngequbuliso kwelinye okanye omabini amehlo, umbono wakho uba luzizi, okanye ubona izinto ezimbini ngaxeshanye. |
| Ubunzima bokuhamba kunye nokulahlekelwa yibhalansi (i-Ataxia) | Ngequbuliso, ndiziva ndinesizungu, ndingakwazi ukuhamba kakuhle, kwaye ngathi ndiyashukuma. |
| Intloko ebuhlungu ngequbuliso | Intloko ebuhlungu ngequbuliso, ongazange uyibone ebomini bakho, ngaphandle kwesizathu esicacileyo. |
| Ukudideka kunye nobunzima bokuqonda | Kuba nzima ukuqonda oko kuthethwa ngabanye, uze ngequbuliso ulibale izinto ezifana nokuba uphi nexesha. |
Kutheni le nto i-TIA yenzeka?
I-TIA kunye ne-stroke zibangelwa zizinto ezifanayo. Isizathu esiphambili kukuvaleka okwethutyana komthambo wegazi ohambisa igazi engqondweni. Zininzi iindlela oku okunokwenzeka ngazo:
- I-Thrombosis: Xa i-cholesterol nezinye izinto ziqokelelana kwiindonga zemithambo yegazi engqondweni (oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-atherosclerosis), amahlwili egazi anokwakheka aze avale imithambo yegazi.
- Ihlwili elenzeka kwenye indawo liya engqondweni (Thromboembolism): Khawuthelekelele ihlwili legazi elenzeka kumthambo omkhulu wegazi entliziyweni okanye entanyeni ("carotid artery"), liqhekeke, lihambe negazi, lize linamathele kumthambo omncinci wegazi engqondweni. Lo mngcipheko uphezulu kubantu abanemeko ebizwa ngokuba yi-"Atrial fibrillation", eyindlela yokubetha kwentliziyo engacwangciswanga.
- I-Lacunar stroke: Le meko inokubangelwa kukuvaleka kwemithambo yegazi emincinci kakhulu enzulu engqondweni.
- I-TIA Engachazwanga (i-Cryptogenic TIA): Ngamanye amaxesha, nangona uvavanyo olubanzi lusenziwa, akukho sizathu sithile sifumanekayo se-TIA.
Ngubani osengozini enkulu yokuba ne-TIA?
Abanye abantu banamathuba amaninzi okuba ne-TIA kunabanye. Ezi zibizwa ngokuba zizinto ezinobungozi. Ezinye zezi zinto sinokuzilawula.
| Into enobungozi | Indlela echaphazela ngayo |
|---|---|
| Uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu (uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu) | Le yeyona nto iphambili neyingozi kakhulu. Uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu lonakalisa imithambo yegazi kwaye lwandisa umngcipheko wokuba ivaleke. |
| Isifo Seswekile (Uhlobo Lwesibini Lwesifo Seswekile)` | Xa amanqanaba eswekile egazini enyuka, imithambo yegazi yonakala, nto leyo ebangela ukuba igazi liqhekeke. |
| Ukutshaya | Ukutshaya kuyayenza lukhuni igazi, konakalisa udonga lwemithambo yegazi, kwaye kwandisa uxinzelelo lwegazi. |
| I-cholesterol ephezulu `(i-Hyperlipidemia)` | I-cholesterol embi (i-LDL) egazini inokubekwa eludongeni lwemithambo yegazi, inciphe kancinci kancinci ize ivaleke. |
| Isifo sentliziyo (ingakumbi i-'Atrial fibrillation`) | Ukubetha kwentliziyo okungaqhelekanga kunokubangela ukuba igazi liqhekeke ngaphakathi entliziyweni lize liye engqondweni. |
| Ukutyeba kakhulu (ubunzima bomzimba obandayo) | Ukwanda kobunzima kunxulunyaniswa ngokuthe ngqo noxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu, isifo seswekile kunye ne-cholesterol. |
| Ukwaluphala | Umngcipheko uyanda njengoko imithambo yegazi isiya iguquguquka ngokuhamba kweminyaka. |
Iyingozi kangakanani i-TIA?
Eyona nto ibangela ukuba i-TIA ibe yingxamiseko kukuba ikhokelela kwistroke esikhulu. Xa i-TIA isenzeka, umzimba wakho uthumela isilumkiso esikhulu, esithi, "Kukho ingxaki ngokuhamba kwegazi ukuya ebuchotsheni, yenza into ngokukhawuleza ngale nto, okanye inokuba yintlekele."
Khumbula, malunga nama-20% abantu abane-TIA baya kuba nesifo sohlangothi esikhulu kwiintsuku ezingama-90 ezizayo. Isiqingatha sabo baya kuba naso kwiintsuku ezimbini zokuqala! Oko kuthetha ukuba iiyure ezingama-48 ezilandelayo ze-TIA zibaluleke kakhulu.
Ugqirha uyixilonga njani i-TIA?
Xa usiya esibhedlele uneempawu ze-TIA, oogqirha baza kuqala bazame ukufumanisa ukuba ingaba yi-TIA, isifo sohlangothi esikhulu, okanye enye imeko. Baza kusebenzisa ezi mvavanyo:
1. Ukubuza iinkcukacha: Ukubuza ngeempawu zakho, ukuba zikho ixesha elingakanani, kunye nezinye izifo onazo ukuze ufumane umbono wemeko yakho.
2. Uvavanyo lwenkqubo yomzimba neyemithambo-luvo: Amandla omzimba wakho, ulungelelwano, intetho, kunye nokubona kuyavavanywa ukuze kuzanywe ukufumanisa ukuba leliphi icala lobuchopho elichaphazelekileyo.
3. Iiskeni:
- Iskeni ye-CT (i-Computed Tomography):Oku kungathatha umfanekiso wengqondo kwimizuzu embalwa. Ngokuyintloko kujonga ukuba akukho gazi engqondweni.
- I-MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) Scan: Oku kunokubonelela ngomfanekiso ocacileyo wezicubu zobuchopho. I-MRI scan ibaluleke kakhulu ukwahlula ngokuchanekileyo phakathi kwe-TIA kunye ne-stroke enomonakalo ongapheliyo.
Ukongeza koku, uvavanyo lwentliziyo olufana ``(ECG)``, ``(Echocardiogram)``, kunye novavanyo lwegazi lunokwenziwa ukuze kufunyanwe unobangela.
Ziphathwa njani ii-TIA?
Ngenxa yokuba i-TIA yeyokwexeshana, akukho nyango luthile lwayo ngelo xesha. Nangona kunjalo, injongo ephambili yonyango kukuthintela isifo sohlangothi esikhulu kwixesha elizayo. Oko kuthetha ukunyanga ingxaki esisiseko ebangele i-TIA.
Amayeza
- Amayeza okuthintela ukugabha kwegazi: Amayeza anjenge-aspirin anikwa ukunciphisa umngcipheko wokugabha kwegazi. Amanye amayeza anjenge-clopidogrel nawo anokunikwa.
- Amayeza oxinzelelo lwegazi: Ukuba uxinzelelo lwakho lwegazi luphezulu, uza kunikwa amayeza okululawula.
- Amayeza okwehlisa i-cholesterol (ii-Statins): Amayeza afana ne-Atorvastatin okanye i-Rosuvastatin anciphisa inqanaba le-cholesterol embi egazini.
- Ii-Anticoagulants: Ukuba unesifo esifana ne-atrial fibrillation, unokunikwa amayeza anamandla afana neWarfarin kunye neApixaban ukuthintela ukuqhekeka kwegazi.
Ezinye iindlela zonyango
Kwezinye iimeko, ukuba umthambo wegazi oyintloko entanyeni (i-'carotid artery') uye waba mxinwa kakhulu, kusetyenziswa iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokuwubuyisela kwimeko yesiqhelo.
- Iinkqubo ze-Endovascular: I-catheter encinci idluliselwa kwimithambo yegazi kwaye ukuvaleka kuyandiswa ngesixhobo esifana nebhaluni (i-angioplasty) okanye kufakwa isixhobo esifana ne-stent ukugcina imithambo ivulekile.
- Utyando: Ngamanye amaxesha utyando olubizwa ngokuba yi-carotid endarterectomy lwenziwa ukuze kususwe i-cholesterol edityanisiweyo ngaphakathi kwemithambo yegazi kwaye kucocwe imithambo yegazi.
Yintoni omele uyenze ukuba une-TIA?
Eyona nto ibalulekileyo ekufuneka uyikhumbule kweli nqaku yile: Ukuba wena okanye umntu omaziyo ufumana naziphi na iimpawu zokungakwazi ukusebenza kakuhle kwezi zingasentla, musa ukulibazisa umzuzu.
Musa ukulinda ude uzive ngathi, "Owu... oku kuza kuba ngcono kwixesha elifutshane." Nokuba iimpawu ziyaphela emva kwemizuzu embalwa, musa ukuzityeshela. Fowunela i-ambulensi ngoko nangoko okanye uye kwiSebe lezeMpilo eziNgxamisekileyo (ETU) lesibhedlele esikufutshane.
Khumbula, ixesha ziiseli zobuchopho. Yonke iminithi edlulayo inokubangela umonakalo omkhulu.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- I-TIA kukukhubazeka okwethutyana, kodwa iyingozi kakhulu kwisifo sohlangothi esinzima.
- Iimpawu ze-TIA (ukuba ndindisholo kwelinye icala lomzimba, ubunzima bokuthetha, ukugoba kobuso) zifana nqwa nezo zestroke. Umahluko kuphela kukuba ziyaphela kwimizuzu okanye iiyure ezimbalwa.
- Ungaze uyityeshele into yokuba iimpawu azibonakali. Yiya kwiSebe lezeMpilo eziNgxamisekileyo (ETU) esibhedlele ngoko nangoko.
- Injongo ephambili yokunyanga i-TIA kukuthintela isifo sohlangothi esikhulu kwixesha elizayo. Ukuze wenze oku, landela imiyalelo kagqirha wakho kunye namayeza ngokuchanekileyo.
- Ukulawula uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu, isifo seswekile, kunye ne-cholesterol, ukuphepha ukutshaya, kunye nokulandela indlela yokuphila enempilo kunokunciphisa umngcipheko we-TIA kunye ne-stroke.
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