Kunzima ukuchaza uloyiko kunye nexhala eliza engqondweni yethu xa sifumanisa ukuba sinomhlaza. Okwangoku, uvakalelo lunokuba lubi ngakumbi xa sisiva ukuba umhlaza usasazeke kwamanye amalungu omzimba, ingakumbi ingqondo. Kodwa musani ukoyika, musani ukoyika. Namhlanje sithetha ngomhlaza osasazeka engqondweni, owaziwa ngokwezonyango ngokuba yi-`(Brain Metastases)`. Siza kuthetha ngendlela elula kakhulu, ngendlela onokuyiqonda, malunga nokuba yintoni le meko, kutheni isenzeka, kunye nonyango oluphambili olufumanekayo ngoku.
Zithini ii-metastases zobuchopho?
Ngamafutshane, oku kuxa umhlaza uqala kwenye indawo emzimbeni wakho (njengemiphunga yakho, ibele, okanye ulusu) uze usasazeke uye engqondweni yakho. Indawo apho umhlaza waqala khona ibizwa ngokuba ngumhlaza oyintloko . Xa ezinye iiseli zomhlaza ziphuma kulo mhlaza oyintloko, zihamba ngemithambo yegazi ziye engqondweni, apho zenze khona ithumba elitsha okanye iithumba.
Cinga ngayo njengembewu yokhula kwenye indawo yegadi, ivuthuzwa ngumoya, ize ihlume kwenye indawo yegadi. Kwenzeka into efanayo nalapha. Iiseli zomhlaza ezazikwinxalenye ethile yomzimba, ziyahamba ziye engqondweni zize ziqale ukukhula apho.
Ixhaphake kangakanani le meko?
Enyanisweni, uhlobo oluqhelekileyo lwethumba lobuchopho olubonwa kubantu abadala yithumba lobuchopho elisasazekayo. Oku kuthetha ukuba umhlaza osasazeka usiya engqondweni usuka kwenye indawo uqheleke kakhulu kunomhlaza oqala engqondweni ngokwawo (umhlaza wobuchopho oyintloko). Uphando lubonisa ukuba phakathi kwe-10% kunye ne-30% yabantu abanomhlaza kwenye indawo emzimbeni banomngcipheko wokuba nomhlaza wobuchopho ngaxa lithile ebomini babo.
Lo mngcipheko udla ngokwanda emva kweminyaka engama-45. Uninzi lwabantu lufunyaniswa lunale meko emva kweminyaka engama-65.
Into ebalulekileyo kukuba uninzi lweethumba eziqala engqondweni azinazo umhlaza (azinabungozi). Kodwa iithumba ezisasazeka zivela kwenye indawo, ezibizwa ngokuba yi-"metastases," zihlala zinomhlaza (ziyingozi).
Zithini iimpawu zomhlaza wobuchopho?
Iimpawu zomhlaza wobuchopho zinokwahluka ngokuxhomekeke ekubeni ithumba likwindawo enjani engqondweni kwaye lichaphazela njani loo ndawo. Makhe sijonge iimpawu eziphambili ezinokubonwa.
| Uphawu | Ingcaciso elula |
|---|---|
| Intloko ebuhlungu | Usenokuba nentloko ebuhlungu engaqhelekanga neqatha. Ngamanye amaxesha le ntloko isenokuhamba nesicaphucaphu nokuhlanza. |
| Ukuxhuzula | Ukuxhuzula kungenzeka ngequbuliso, ngendlela engazange ibonwe ngaphambili ebomini bakho. |
| Ukulahlekelwa ngamandla kwelinye icala lomzimba (iHemiparesis) | Ingalo okanye umlenze, okanye zombini iingalo kunye nemilenze kwicala elinye lomzimba, zinokuziva ngathi azinangqondo okanye zibuthathaka. |
| Ubunzima bokucinga | Ukulahlekelwa yinkumbulo yexesha elifutshane, utshintsho olukhawulezileyo kwimvakalelo, kunye nokungakwazi ukwenza ukhetho olufanelekileyo kunokwenzeka. |
| Ubunzima bokuthetha | Kuba nzima ukwakha amagama, kwaye kuba nzima ukuqonda oko kuthethwa ngabanye. |
| Ukukhubazeka kokubona | Kusenokuvakala ngathi ulahlekelwa kukubona kwelinye icala lamehlo akho. |
Njengoko umhlaza uqhubeka, iimpawu ezintsha zinokuvela, ezinje ngokulahlekelwa kukuva, ubunzima bokuginya, kunye nokubona kabini. Uphawu oluqhelekileyo olubonakala kwizigaba zokugqibela kukozela rhoqo .
Ngamanye amaxesha, ezi thumba zobuchopho zinokubangela istroke. Nangona kunjalo, iimpawu zestroke zibonakala ngequbuliso. Nangona kunjalo, uninzi lweempawu zezi thumba zomhlaza ziqala kancinci kwaye zikhula kancinci kancinci ngokuhamba kwexesha .
Kutheni umhlaza usasazeka engqondweni ngolu hlobo?
Oku kungenxa yokuba ezinye iiseli ezivela kwithumba lomhlaza kwenye indawo emzimbeni ziyaqhekeka, zingene egazini, zize ziye engqondweni kunye negazi. Uphando lusaqhubeka malunga nokuba kutheni kuphela iintlobo ezithile zomhlaza ezisasazeka ngale ndlela.
Ezi ntlobo zomhlaza zihlala zisasazeka ziye engqondweni:
- Umhlaza wemiphunga: Malunga nesiqingatha sabantu abanomhlaza wemiphunga usasazeka engqondweni. Oku kuqheleke kakhulu kuhlobo olubizwa ngokuba yi-"small cell lung cancer."
- Umhlaza webele: Malunga ne-10% ukuya kwi-15% yabantu abanomhlaza webele osasazekayo baya kuba nomhlaza wobuchopho. Le meko ixhaphake kakhulu kwi-HER2+ kunye ne-triple-negative breast cancers.
- I-Melanoma: Olu luhlobo lomhlaza wolusu olubi kakhulu. Malunga nesiqingatha sabantu abane-melanoma baza kusasazeka umhlaza uye engqondweni.
Ukongeza, umhlaza wezintso, umhlaza wamathumbu amakhulu, kunye nomhlaza we-thyroid ngamanye amaxesha unokusasazeka uye engqondweni.
Ugqirha uyixilonga njani ngokuchanekileyo le meko?
Ukuba sele unomhlaza kwaye uhlangabezana neempawu ezikhankanyiweyo apha ngasentla, ugqirha wakho uya kukuvavanya. Ngamanye amaxesha, nokuba awunazo iimpawu, ugqirha wakho unokukuhlola uhlobo lomhlaza olusemngciphekweni wokusasazeka engqondweni.
Iimvavanyo eziphambili ezenziweyo koku zezi:
| Uvavanyo | Kwenzekani? |
|---|---|
| Uvavanyo lwe-neurological | Ugqirha uza kujonga ibhalansi yakho, ulungelelwaniso, imeko yengqondo, ukuva, umbono, kunye nokusabela komzimba. Olu tshintsho lunokunika umbono wokuba ithumba likuphi engqondweni. |
| Uvavanyo lwegazi | Ezinye iintlobo zomhlaza zikhupha izinto ezikhethekileyo (iimpawu zethumba) egazini. Ezi zinokufunyanwa ngovavanyo lwegazi. |
| Iskeni ye-MRI | Oku kungathatha imifanekiso ecacileyo yobuchopho. Ngokukodwa, ii-MRI ezisebenzisa uhlobo lwedayi ebizwa ngokuba yi-contrast zinokubonisa iindawo zomhlaza ngokucacileyo. |
| I-Biopsy | Ukuba ezinye iimvavanyo azinalo ulwazi olwaneleyo, kuthathwa iqhekeza elincinci lesicubu kwithumba lize lihlolwe ngemicroscope. Oku kudla ngokwenziwa ngexesha lotyando lokususa ithumba. |
Ziziphi iindlela zonyango zomhlaza osele usasazeke engqondweni?
Injongo ephambili yonyango apha kukuyeka okanye ukulawula ukukhula kwethumba lobuchopho kunye nokunciphisa iimpawu zakho. Iindlela zonyango zinokwahlulwa zibe ziindidi ezintathu eziphambili.
1. Amayeza okulawula iimpawu
Okokuqala, ugqirha wakho uza kukuqalisa ngamayeza okulawula iimpawu zakho, ezifana neentloko ebuhlungu. Umzekelo, banokukunika ii-corticosteroids zokunciphisa ukudumba engqondweni (i-edema) kunye nokulawula iintloko ezibuhlungu. Banokukunika amayeza okunciphisa ukuxhuzula ukulawula ukuxhuzula.
2. Unyango lwemitha kunye notyando
Ezi zezona ndlela ziphambili ezisetyenziswayo ukususa okanye ukutshabalalisa amandongomane.
- Utyando lwe-Stereotactic Radiosurgery / Gamma Knife® radiosurgery: Olu luhlobo oluphambili kakhulu lonyango lwe-radiation. Njengomdubuli we-sniper, umqadi onamandla we-radiation ujoliswe ngqo kwi-tumor , ukuthintela ukonakala kwezinye iindawo zobuchopho. Olu nyango lunokugqitywa ngosuku olunye.
- Unyango lweMisebe yoBuchopho obupheleleyo: Ukuba unezimila ezininzi engqondweni yakho, okanye ukuba umhlaza usasazeke kwiimembrane ezigubungela ingqondo yakho (isifo se-leptomeningeal), unyango lwemisebe lunikwa ingqondo yakho yonke. Oku kwenziwa kwiiseshoni ezimalunga ne-10-15 kwiiveki ezimbini ukuya kwezintathu.
- Utyando lobuchopho: Kwezinye iimeko, oogqirha bagqiba ekubeni benze utyando lokususa ithumba okanye iithumba.
3. Amayeza athile omhlaza
Ukongeza kutyando okanye unyango lwemitha, olu nyango lwamayeza lunokucetyiswa ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo lomhlaza wakho oyintloko.
- Unyango lweKhemotherapy: Uninzi lwamayeza ekhemotherapy alunakungena engqondweni kuba ingqondo yethu ikhuselwe ngumqobo obizwa ngokuba ngumqobo wegazi-ubuchopho. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba umhlaza usasazeke kulwelo olujikeleze ingqondo, ikhemotherapy inokufakwa ngqo kuloo manzi.
- Unyango olujoliswe kulo: La mayeza asebenza ngokuphazamisa iinkqubo ezithile ezisetyenziswa ziiseli zomhlaza ukuze zahlukane kwaye zikhule. Le ndlela ifunyenwe isebenza kakuhle kwezinye iintlobo zomhlaza wemiphunga nowebele oye wasasazeka engqondweni.
- Unyango lwe-Immunotherapy: La mayeza anceda inkqubo yomzimba wakho yokuzikhusela ukuba ifumane kwaye itshabalalise iiseli zomhlaza. Olu nyango lusetyenziselwa ezinye iintlobo zomhlaza wemiphunga kunye ne-melanoma ezisasazeke engqondweni.
Yintoni onokuyilindela kwimeko efana nale?
Xa umhlaza usasazeka uye engqondweni, abantu abaninzi bacinga ukuba yonke into iphelile. Kodwa akunjalo. Kwezinye iimeko, le meko inokunyangeka ngokupheleleyo . Nangona ingenakunyangwa ngokupheleleyo, unyango oluphambili olufumanekayo ngoku lunokukunceda uphile ixesha elide kwaye ube nobomi obungcono .
Ngaphambili, ixesha eliqhelekileyo lokusinda kolu hlobo lomhlaza kwakucingelwa ukuba lingaphantsi kweenyanga ezintandathu. Kodwa ngonyango olutsha, abantu abaninzi ngoku baphila ixesha elide kakhulu kwaye iimpawu zabo zilawulwa kakuhle. Enyanisweni, abantu abaninzi abanomhlaza osasazeke engqondweni abafi ngenxa yomhlaza wobuchopho ngokwawo.
Khumbula, ngugqirha wakho kuphela onokukunika ulwazi oluchanekileyo malunga nemeko yakho kunye noqikelelo olungcono. Imeko yakho iya kuxhomekeka kwizinto ezininzi, kuquka uhlobo lomhlaza oyintloko onawo, inani lee-tumor zobuchopho onazo, kunye nendlela osabela ngayo kunyango.
Ndifanele ndimbone nini ugqirha? Ndingaya nini kwi-ETU?
Ukuba ufumana naziphi na iimpawu ezintsha okanye ukuba uphawu olukhoyo luya lusiba mandundu , nokuba lunxulumene nomhlaza okhoyo okanye ithumba eliye lasasazeka engqondweni yakho, xelela ugqirha wakho ngoko nangoko. Kubalulekile ukuba ugqirha wakho azi ngolu tshintsho.
Kukwakho namaxesha apho kufuneka uye kwiSebe leNgxamiseko (i-ETU). Ithumba lobuchopho lisemngciphekweni omkhulu weengxaki zemithambo-luvo ezinje ngokuxhuzula kunye nokulahlekelwa ngamalungu omzimba. Kwakhona, ukuba ngequbuliso ubonakalisa iimpawu zestroke, kufuneka uye kwi-ETU ngoko nangoko. Ezi mpawu ziquka:
- Ukulahlekelwa yibhalansi ngequbuliso ngelixa uhamba
- Utshintsho kumbono
- Utshintsho lwebali
- Ubuthathaka kwelinye icala lomzimba
Yeyiphi imibuzo omele uyibuze ugqirha wakho?
Xa uphila nomhlaza, kuyinto eqhelekileyo ukuba nemibuzo emininzi engqondweni yakho xa ufumanisa ukuba usasazeke engqondweni yakho. Musa ukoyika okanye ungathandabuzi ukubuza ugqirha wakho le mibuzo. Baza kukunceda uqonde imeko.
- Lo mhlaza wobuchopho uza kuyichaphazela njani ubomi bam?
- Loluphi unyango olundicebisayo?
- Zithini iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zezo ndlela zonyango?
- Ukuba umhlaza usasazeke engqondweni yam, ngaba oko kuthetha ukuba ungasasazeka nakwezinye iindawo zomzimba wam?
- Ngaba kukho eminye imibutho okanye iinkonzo endinokufumana uncedo kuzo? (umz. ukhathalelo lwentlungu)
- Ungathini ngekamva ngokusekelwe kwimeko yam?
Ukufumanisa ukuba umhlaza usasazeke engqondweni kunokuvakala ngathi uwela emngxunyeni omnyama. Kodwa khumbula, awuwedwa. Uneqela lezonyango kunye nabantu obathandayo abakuxhasayo. Ungoyiki ukuthetha noogqirha bakho. Buza ngokukhululekileyo malunga nento onokuyilindela kunyango kunye nemiphumo emibi. Emva koko unokuzenzela izigqibo ezilungileyo.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- `I-Brain metastases` kukusasazwa komhlaza engqondweni okwaqala kwenye indawo emzimbeni (njengemiphunga, ibele).
- Ukuba ufumana iimpawu ezifana nentloko ebuhlungu engaqhelekanga, ubuthathaka kwelinye icala lomzimba, ubunzima bokuthetha, okanye ukuxhuzula, yazisa ugqirha wakho ngoko nangoko.
- Ngoku kukho iindlela ezininzi zonyango ezisebenzayo neziphucukileyo (ezifana nonyango lwemitha, unyango olujoliswe kulo) ukulawula le meko nokuphucula umgangatho wobomi bakho.
- Thetha ngokukhululekileyo nangokunyaniseka nogqirha wakho malunga neendlela onokukhetha kuzo unyango, iziphumo zazo ezingalindelekanga, kunye noko unokukulindela. Musa ukoyika ukubuza imibuzo.
- Awuwedwa kweli dabi. Fumana inkxaso kwiqela lakho lezonyango, kusapho lwakho nakubahlobo bakho.
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