Uyakhumbula xa wawune-chickenpox usengumntwana, abazali bakho babesithi, "Awusayi kuphinda uyifumane"? Okanye usenokuba weva ukuba umntu owayene-measles akasayi kuphinda ayifumane. Enyanisweni kukho inyaniso eninzi kuloo bali. Imizimba yethu ilwa nezifo kwaye emva kokuphumelela loo mlo, igcina inkumbulo yeso sifo. Yiloo nto siyibiza ngokuba yi-natural immunity . Kufana nokuba ne-superhero ngaphakathi emizimbeni yethu. Namhlanje, siza kuthetha ngale superhero ngendlela elula onokuyiqonda.
Kalula nje, yintoni le nto yendalo yokuzikhusela komzimba?
Khawuthelekelele ukuba imizimba yethu ifana nenqaba enkulu. Ngaphandle kwale nqaba, iintshaba (oko kukuthi, iintsholongwane, iibhaktheriya, njl.njl.) zilindele ukuhlasela. Ukuba utshaba olunye lungena ngaphakathi kwale nqaba, oko kukuthi, ukuba siyagula, umkhosi osemzimbeni wethu, oko kukuthi, inkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela , ulungiselela idabi.
Lo mkhosi ukrelekrele kakhulu. Benza izixhobo ezikhethekileyo zokutshabalalisa olu tshaba. Ezi zixhobo sizibiza ngokuba zii-antibodies . Ezi antibodies ziyahamba zilwe nezo ntsholongwane, zizitshabalalise kwaye zisenze sibe sempilweni.
Kodwa ibali alipheli apho. Ibali lokwenyani liqala apho.
Emva kokuba le mfazwe iphelile, iqela elikhethekileyo lamajoni kwinkqubo yethu yokuzikhusela, elibizwa ngokuba zii-memory cells , likhumbula imo yotshaba lwangaphambili, zonke iinkcukacha zalo. Bazenza ngathi bathatha ifoto yotshaba baze bayigcine. Ngokwesayensi, bakhumbula uphawu oluthile kuloo ntsholongwane. Ibizwa ngokuba yi- antigen .
Ezi seli zenkumbulo ziyaqhubeka nokujikeleza imizimba yethu nasemva kokuba siphilile kwisifo. Umsebenzi wazo kuphela kukujonga ukuba utshaba oludala lubuye. Ngoko ke, ukuba ngenye imini intsholongwane endala izama ukungena emizimbeni yethu kwakhona, ezi seli zenkumbulo ziyayiqonda kwangoko nje ukuba ziyibone kwaye zikhwaze umkhosi wonke zithi, "Utshaba oludala lubuyile!" Emva koko inkqubo yethu yomzimba yokuzikhusela yenza ii-antibodies ngokukhawuleza nangokunamandla ngakumbi kunangaphambili, itshabalalisa intsholongwane ngaphambi kokuba isibangele nasiphi na isifo. Uninzi lwexesha, asiyiqapheli nokuyibona.
Njengokuba sikhupha ukhula olukhathazayo emyezweni wethu, siyakhumbula indlela olumile ngayo. Xa lukhula kwakhona, siyazi ukuba lulo kanye olubangela ingxaki, kwaye silukhupha ngokukhawuleza, akunjalo? Yindlela ezisebenza ngayo ezi seli zememori.
Ngoko ke uyabona, ukuzikhusela kwendalo akuyonto enikwa nje kuphela. Kufunyanwa yimizimba yethu ngokulwa nesifo, ukusoyisa, nokukhumbula loo mava .
Iindlela ezimbini eziphambili zokuzikhusela kwinkqubo yethu yomzimba yokuzikhusela
Inkqubo yokuzikhusela yomzimba wethu, inkqubo yokuzikhusela, inokwahlulwa ibe ziinxalenye ezimbini eziphambili. Ifana nezangqa ezimbini zokuzikhusela.
| Uhlobo lomzimba olukhuselayo | Kalula nje, iyasebenza. |
|---|---|
| 1. Ukuzikhusela Kwindalo | Lo ngumgca wethu wokuqala wokuzikhusela . Kufana neendonga zenqaba. Izinto ezifana nolusu lwethu, ii-mucus membranes ezimpumlweni nasemphinjeni wethu zezo zinto. Ezi zithintela iintsholongwane ukuba zingangeni emzimbeni. Ukuba intsholongwane ingena ngandlela ithile, iiseli ezikule nkqubo (njengeeseli zokubulala zendalo) ziyakhawuleza zilwe nayo. Kodwa azinankumbulo. Ziphatha zonke iintshaba ngendlela efanayo. Ngamanye amaxesha le mfazwe iyaphilisa isifo. Ukuba ayisebenzi, zibiza imikhosi ekhethekileyo. |
| 2. Ukungakhuseleki okuZiqhelanisayo | Le yimikhosi yethu ekhethekileyo . Njengoko bekutshiwo ngaphambili, ngabo banobuchule bokuchonga, ukujolisa, nokukhumbula utshaba. Amajoni aphambili kweli qela zii-T-cells kunye nee-B-cells. Ezo seli zenkumbulo esithethe ngazo ngaphambili ziiqhawe ezinkulu kweli qela. Ngabo bakhawuleza baqaphele utshaba oludala baze baqalise umlo. |
Uninzi lwabantu lubiza olu hlobo lwesibini lokuzikhusela ngokuthi "ukuzikhusela kwendalo" kuba yiyo edala inkumbulo ethile kweso sifo emva kokuba sikhulile.
Ezinye iinkalo ezimbini zokuzikhusela kwendalo
Olu khuselo lwendalo lunokwahlulwahlulwa lube ngamacandelo amabini ngokuxhomekeke kwindlela esilufumana ngayo.
1. Ukuzikhusela Kwemvelo Okusebenzayo
Yile nto besithetha ngayo ixesha elide. "Iyasebenza" ithetha ukuba imizimba yethu isebenza ngamandla ukwakha olu khuselo. Oko kukuthi, xa sigula, inkqubo yethu yokuzikhusela isebenza nzima, yenza ii-antibodies kunye neeseli zememori, kwaye yakha olo khuselo. Kufana nokuba sisebenza nzima ukuze senze imali.
2. Ukuzikhusela Kwendalo Okungashukumiyo
"Ukungasebenzi" kuthetha ukuba imizimba yethu ayisebenzi nzima ukwakha amajoni omzimba apha. Endaweni yoko, sisipho kuthi.Umzekelo obalaseleyo woku kukungakhuseleki komntwana kumama.
- Ngexesha lokukhulelwa: Uninzi lwee-antibodies emzimbeni kamama zidluliselwa kumntwana nge-placenta.
- Emva kokuzalwa: Ukuba uncancisa, umntwana wakho uya kufumana ama-antibodies axabisekileyo ngobisi lwebele.
Ukuzikhusela komzimba okufunyenwe ngale ndlela kuya kunceda ekukhuseleni umntwana kwizifo de amajoni akhe omzimba akhule kakuhle. Kodwa oku kungokwexeshana. Kufana nokuboleka imali komnye umntu. Emva kwexesha elithile, ezo antibodies ziya kunyamalala.
Olu hlobo lokuzikhusela komzimba luhlala ixesha elingakanani?
Oku kuyahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwisifo kwaye kunokwahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwimpilo yakho yomzimba.
- Ukuzikhusela komzimba ubomi bonke: Kukho ezinye izifo, xa sele unazo, awusayi kuphinda uzifumane. Imizekelo ibandakanya imasisi kunye nehepatitis A.
- Ukuzikhusela komzimba kwixesha elifutshane: Kukho ezinye izifo apho ukuzikhusela komzimba ngokwemvelo kuhlala ixesha elifutshane. Yiyo loo nto sifumana izifo ezifana nomkhuhlane oqhelekileyo , umkhuhlane (umkhuhlane) , kunye ne -COVID-19 amaxesha amaninzi ebomini bethu.
Kutheni kunjalo? Kuba ezi ntsholongwane zinobuqili kakhulu. Zitshintsha rhoqo inkangeleko yazo (zitshintsha). Emva koko iiseli zethu zememori azikwazi ukuzibona. Njengesela elikhulisa iindevu neenwele lize lizifihle ngendlela eyahlukileyo kunzima ukuzazi.
Ukuzikhusela kwendalo okanye ugonyo? Yeyiphi engcono?
Lo ngumbuzo abantu abaninzi abanawo. Zombini izifo zokuzikhusela emzimbeni kunye nezo zibangelwa kugonyo luhlobo "lokuzikhusela komzimba okusebenzayo." Oko kukuthi, kuzo zombini iimeko, imizimba yethu ivelisa ii-antibodies kunye neeseli zememori. Kodwa isizathu saloku sahlukile.
| Uphawu | Ukuzikhusela kwendalo | Ukuzikhusela kwi-vaccine |
|---|---|---|
| Isixhobo sokubangela ingxaki | Intsholongwane yokwenyani ingena emzimbeni ize ibangele isifo sokwenyani . | Ukunika umzimba inxalenye engenabungozi yentsholongwane (intsholongwane ebuthathaka, ebuleweyo okanye iproteni). Akubangeli zifo . |
| Ukhuseleko | Emva kokuba usulelwe sisifo, ngamanye amaxesha siba nzima, kubekho iingxaki, uze ufumane amandla okuzikhusela emva kokuba uphilile. Olu luhambo oluyingozi . | Ungafumana amandla okuzikhusela komzimba ngokukhuselekileyo ngaphandle komngcipheko wokufumana isifo esinzulu. |
Ngamafutshane, ukuze ufumane ukhuselo lwendalo, kufuneka ugule. Kodwa ezinye izifo, umzekelo, ipoliyo, imasisi, kunye nokukhwehlela okungapheliyo, zinokubangela iingxaki ezisongela ubomi okanye nokufa ukuba uzifumene. Ngoko ke, kusoloko kububulumko ukugonywa kwaye ufumane olo khuselo ngokukhuselekileyo, endaweni yokulinda de ufumane isifo esibi uze ulinde ukuba sikhule.
Xa inani elikhulu labantu kuluntu liba nesifo ngokwendalo okanye ngokugonywa, ukusasazeka kweso sifo kuyaphela. Oku sikubiza ngokuba yi-held immunity . Eyona ndlela ikhuselekileyo neyona ilungileyo yokufezekisa oku kukugonywa.
Masithethe ngokukodwa nge-COVID-19 kunye nokuzikhusela kwendalo
Ngenxa yobhubhane we-COVID-19, abantu abaninzi baqala ukuthetha ngale ntsholongwane yendalo. Kukho abo bacinga ukuba, "Ndandinayo i-COVID, ngoku andisayi kuphinda ndiyifumane." Kodwa njengoogqirha, asikhuthazi ukuthembela kuphela kwi-natural impact ye-COVID-19. Zininzi izizathu zaloo nto.
- I-COVID-19 sisifo esingaqikelelweyo: Akukho mntu unokuqikelela ngqo indlela le ntsholongwane eza kumchaphazela ngayo umntu. Kwabanye, isenokuvakala ngathi ngumkhuhlane omncinci, ngelixa kwabanye inokukhokelela kwi-pneumonia enzima, ukulaliswa esibhedlele, kwanokufa. Kukwakho neengxaki ezinokuhlala iinyanga okanye iminyaka, ezifana ne -COVID yexesha elide . Ngoko ke akukho ngqiqweni ukuthatha umngcipheko onjalo kwaye ulinde ukhuseleko lomzimba.
- Intsholongwane itshintsha rhoqo: Usenokukhumbula iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeCovid ezifana neDelta kunye ne-Omicron. Xa intsholongwane itshintsha ngolu hlobo, ukhuselo lwendalo olufumana kwenye intlobo lusenokungakukhuseli kwenye. Kodwa izitofu zihlala zihlaziywa ukuze zilungele iintlobo ezintsha.
- Umngcipheko wezifo ezihlasela umzimba: Olunye uphando lufumanise ukuba xa sifumana i-COVID-19, imizimba yethu ivelisa ii-autoantibodies.Ezi zii-antibodies ezihlasela iiseli zethu eziphilileyo. Oku kubeka umngcipheko wezifo ezizikhuselayo emzimbeni. Uphando aluzange luqinisekise unxibelelwano phakathi kokugonywa kunye nezi ntlobo zee-antibodies ezizikhuselayo emzimbeni.
Ngoko ke, nokuba ukhe waba ne-COVID-19 ngaphambili, eyona nto ikhuselekileyo onokuyenza kukuthetha nogqirha wakho uze ugonywe. Igonyo lingakunika amandla okuzikhusela ngaphandle komngcipheko wokugula kakhulu, ukulala esibhedlele, okanye ukufa.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Ukuzikhusela kwendalo kukukhumbula isifo sokwenyani kunye nendlela imizimba yethu enokuyilwa ngayo. Eli likhono elimangalisayo elinalo imizimba yethu.
- Ezinye izifo (ezifana ne-masisi) zibonelela ngokhuseleko lobomi bonke, ngelixa ezinye (ezifana nomkhuhlane oqhelekileyo, i-Covid) zibonelela ngokhuseleko lwexeshana.
- Ukuze ufumane amandla okuzikhusela emzimbeni ngokwendalo, kufuneka uqalise ukugula. Ngenxa yokuba ezinye izifo zinzima kakhulu, le yindlela enobungozi kakhulu.
- Ukugonywa yeyona ndlela ilungileyo yokufumana amasosha omzimba ngokukhuselekileyo nangokuthembekileyo ngaphandle komngcipheko wesifo esinzulu.
- Kuphephe ukuthembela kuphela kumzimba ongakwaziyo ukumelana nezifo, ingakumbi xa kufikwa kwizifo ezifana ne-COVID-19. Thetha nogqirha wakho malunga nokugonywa, nokuba ukhe wanayo le ntsholongwane ngaphambili.
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